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![Here are the subordinateHere are the subordinate
conjunctions.conjunctions.
Here are the subordinateHere are the subordinate
conjunctions.conjunctions.
afterafter
althoughalthough
asas
becausebecause
beforebefore
even thougheven though
if, even ifif, even if
in order thatin order that
onceonce
provided thatprovided that
sincesince
so [so [thatthat implied], so thatimplied], so that
thanthan
thatthat
thoughthough
unlessunless
when, wheneverwhen, whenever
where, wherever, whereaswhere, wherever, whereas
whetherwhether
whilewhile](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/coordinatesubordinate-130813132716-phpapp01/85/Coordinate-subordinate-9-320.jpg)
Uploaded byWizard Language Education Center
Coordinate subordinate
This presentation covers the differences between coordination and subordination in sentences. Coordination joins two independent clauses with equal importance, using conjunctions like "and" and "but." Subordination makes one clause less important by using conjunctions like "because" and "since." Punctuation is used differently - a comma separates clauses joined by coordination, while no punctuation is used with subordination if the second clause is subordinate. Examples are provided to illustrate proper use.
Coordinate subordinate
- 1. chomp! chomp! This presentation is broughtto you by Grammar Bytes!, ©2013 by Robin L. Simmons. This presentation is brought to you by Grammar Bytes!, ©2013 by Robin L. Simmons.
- 2. Coordination andCoordination and SubordinationSubordination CoordinationandCoordination and SubordinationSubordination Should I coordinate with for? Should I coordinate with for? Or would it be better to subordinate with because? Or would it be better to subordinate with because?
- 3. This presentation covers thedifferences between coordination and subordination and the relationship between clauses within a sentence. This presentation covers the differences between coordination and subordination and the relationship between clauses within a sentence.
- 4. A coordination and/orAcoordination and/or subordination item on ansubordination item on an objective test might lookobjective test might look like thislike this .. .. ..
- 5. Sample ItemSample ItemSampleItemSample Item A.A. Jeremiah forgot to bring a pencil since he hadJeremiah forgot to bring a pencil since he had to beg Amanda to borrow one of hers.to beg Amanda to borrow one of hers. B.B. Since Jeremiah forgot to bring a pencil, heSince Jeremiah forgot to bring a pencil, he had to beg Amanda to borrow one of hers.had to beg Amanda to borrow one of hers. C.C. Even though Jeremiah forgot to bring aEven though Jeremiah forgot to bring a pencil, he had to beg Amanda to borrow onepencil, he had to beg Amanda to borrow one of hers.of hers. A.A. Jeremiah forgot to bring a pencil since he hadJeremiah forgot to bring a pencil since he had to beg Amanda to borrow one of hers.to beg Amanda to borrow one of hers. B.B. Since Jeremiah forgot to bring a pencil, heSince Jeremiah forgot to bring a pencil, he had to beg Amanda to borrow one of hers.had to beg Amanda to borrow one of hers. C.C. Even though Jeremiah forgot to bring aEven though Jeremiah forgot to bring a pencil, he had to beg Amanda to borrow onepencil, he had to beg Amanda to borrow one of hers.of hers. Is the subordination effective at A, B, or C? Is the subordination effective at A, B, or C? Subordinating the first clause with since, as option B does, is correct. Subordinating the first clause with since, as option B does, is correct.
- 6. • Coordination givesCoordinationgives equal attentionequal attention toto twotwo items.items. • Use coordinating conjunctions:Use coordinating conjunctions: andand,, butbut,, forfor,, oror,, nornor,, yetyet, and, and soso.. CoordinationCoordinationCoordinationCoordination The dog ate Marvin’s favorite tie. The cat rubbedThe dog ate Marvin’s favorite tie. The cat rubbed white hair on Marvin’s black suit.white hair on Marvin’s black suit. The dog ate Marvin’s favorite tieThe dog ate Marvin’s favorite tie, and, and the catthe cat rubbed white hair on Marvin’s black suit.rubbed white hair on Marvin’s black suit. Both clauses could stand alone. When joined with and, they get equal attention. Both clauses could stand alone. When joined with and, they get equal attention.
- 7. You can alsocoordinate with aYou can also coordinate with a semicolonsemicolon.. You can also coordinate with aYou can also coordinate with a semicolonsemicolon.. ++ ;; ++ main clause.main clause. The interviewer had seven Persian cats. She wouldThe interviewer had seven Persian cats. She would understand Marvin’s predicament.understand Marvin’s predicament. The interviewer had seven PersianThe interviewer had seven Persian cats; shecats; she would understand Marvin’s predicament.would understand Marvin’s predicament. Main clauseMain clause Main clauseMain clause ++ ;; ++ main clause.main clause.transitiontransition ++ ,, ++ The interviewer had seven PersianThe interviewer had seven Persian cats; as acats; as a result, sheresult, she would understand Marvin’s predicament.would understand Marvin’s predicament. Still balanced. Still balanced.
- 8. • Subordination givesSubordinationgives less attentionless attention toto oneone idea so that theidea so that the otherother has emphasis.has emphasis. • Use subordinate conjunctions, such asUse subordinate conjunctions, such as becausebecause,, even thougheven though, and, and whenwhen.. SubordinationSubordinationSubordinationSubordination Marvin tried to clean his suit. He was late to theMarvin tried to clean his suit. He was late to the interview.interview. SinceSince Marvin tried to clean his suitMarvin tried to clean his suit,, he was late tohe was late to the interview.the interview. I’m sorry.I’m sorry.
- 9. Here are thesubordinateHere are the subordinate conjunctions.conjunctions. Here are the subordinateHere are the subordinate conjunctions.conjunctions. afterafter althoughalthough asas becausebecause beforebefore even thougheven though if, even ifif, even if in order thatin order that onceonce provided thatprovided that sincesince so [so [thatthat implied], so thatimplied], so that thanthan thatthat thoughthough unlessunless when, wheneverwhen, whenever where, wherever, whereaswhere, wherever, whereas whetherwhether whilewhile
- 10. Use aUse acommacomma if you subordinate theif you subordinate the firstfirst of the two clauses.of the two clauses. Use aUse a commacomma if you subordinate theif you subordinate the firstfirst of the two clauses.of the two clauses. Subordinate clauseSubordinate clause ++ ,, ++ main clause.main clause. Cat hair clung to Marvin’s pant legs. He still got theCat hair clung to Marvin’s pant legs. He still got the job.job. Even thoughEven though cat hair clung to Marvin’s pantcat hair clung to Marvin’s pant legs, helegs, he still got the job.still got the job. The first clause is less important. The first clause is less important. The second clause has more emphasis because its thought is complete. The second clause has more emphasis because its thought is complete.
- 11. UseUse no punctuationnopunctuation if you subordinateif you subordinate thethe secondsecond of the two clauses.of the two clauses. UseUse no punctuationno punctuation if you subordinateif you subordinate thethe secondsecond of the two clauses.of the two clauses. Marvin smiled at his success. Cat hair wafted in hisMarvin smiled at his success. Cat hair wafted in his wake.wake. Marvin smiled at hisMarvin smiled at his success assuccess as cat hair waftedcat hair wafted in his wake.in his wake. Main clauseMain clause + Ø ++ Ø + subordinate clause.subordinate clause. Now the first clause is the most important. Now the first clause is the most important. The second clause has less emphasis because its thought is incomplete. The second clause has less emphasis because its thought is incomplete.
- 12. Quick Test, Part1Quick Test, Part 1Quick Test, Part 1Quick Test, Part 1 Directions:Directions: In the items that follow, chooseIn the items that follow, choose the most effective word or phrase within thethe most effective word or phrase within the context suggested by the sentence(s).context suggested by the sentence(s). Show me what you know! Show me what you know!
- 13. Item 1Item 1Item1Item 1 To impress Deepa, his date, Ryan labored overTo impress Deepa, his date, Ryan labored over the chicken stir fry; __________, she took offensethe chicken stir fry; __________, she took offense that he was serving meat after she had explainedthat he was serving meat after she had explained her vegetarianism.her vegetarianism. A.A.furthermorefurthermore B.B.moreovermoreover C.C.howeverhowever D.D.additionallyadditionally To impress Deepa, his date, Ryan labored overTo impress Deepa, his date, Ryan labored over the chicken stir fry; __________, she took offensethe chicken stir fry; __________, she took offense that he was serving meat after she had explainedthat he was serving meat after she had explained her vegetarianism.her vegetarianism. A.A.furthermorefurthermore B.B.moreovermoreover C.C.howeverhowever D.D.additionallyadditionally
- 14. Item 2Item 2Item2Item 2 __________ Thomas scores a 100 on the final__________ Thomas scores a 100 on the final exam, he cannot pass College Algebra, a class heexam, he cannot pass College Algebra, a class he is taking for the third time.is taking for the third time. A.A.BecauseBecause B.B.SinceSince C.C.As a result,As a result, D.D.UnlessUnless __________ Thomas scores a 100 on the final__________ Thomas scores a 100 on the final exam, he cannot pass College Algebra, a class heexam, he cannot pass College Algebra, a class he is taking for the third time.is taking for the third time. A.A.BecauseBecause B.B.SinceSince C.C.As a result,As a result, D.D.UnlessUnless
- 15. Item 3Item 3Item3Item 3 The Rodriguez family breathed a sigh of reliefThe Rodriguez family breathed a sigh of relief when the giant oak withstood the hurricane winds;when the giant oak withstood the hurricane winds; __________, they gave thanks that crews restored__________, they gave thanks that crews restored electricity in twelve short hours.electricity in twelve short hours. A.A.as a resultas a result B.B.moreovermoreover C.C.howeverhowever D.D.on the other handon the other hand The Rodriguez family breathed a sigh of reliefThe Rodriguez family breathed a sigh of relief when the giant oak withstood the hurricane winds;when the giant oak withstood the hurricane winds; __________, they gave thanks that crews restored__________, they gave thanks that crews restored electricity in twelve short hours.electricity in twelve short hours. A.A.as a resultas a result B.B.moreovermoreover C.C.howeverhowever D.D.on the other handon the other hand
- 16. Item 4Item 4Item4Item 4 Mackenzie’s clarinet squealed like a startledMackenzie’s clarinet squealed like a startled puppy, __________ she hadn’t practiced in weeks.puppy, __________ she hadn’t practiced in weeks. A.A.becausebecause B.B.forfor C.C.sincesince D.D.unlessunless Mackenzie’s clarinet squealed like a startledMackenzie’s clarinet squealed like a startled puppy, __________ she hadn’t practiced in weeks.puppy, __________ she hadn’t practiced in weeks. A.A.becausebecause B.B.forfor C.C.sincesince D.D.unlessunless
- 17. Item 5Item 5Item5Item 5 __________ Grandma tasted the spaghetti sauce,__________ Grandma tasted the spaghetti sauce, she declared that it needed more basil and salt.she declared that it needed more basil and salt. A.A.UnlessUnless B.B.AlthoughAlthough C.C.WhereasWhereas D.D.AfterAfter __________ Grandma tasted the spaghetti sauce,__________ Grandma tasted the spaghetti sauce, she declared that it needed more basil and salt.she declared that it needed more basil and salt. A.A.UnlessUnless B.B.AlthoughAlthough C.C.WhereasWhereas D.D.AfterAfter
- 18. Quick Test, Part2Quick Test, Part 2Quick Test, Part 2Quick Test, Part 2 Directions:Directions: In the items that follow, chooseIn the items that follow, choose the sentence that expresses the thought mostthe sentence that expresses the thought most clearly and effectively and that has no errors inclearly and effectively and that has no errors in structure.structure. Now try this type! Now try this type!
- 19. Item 6Item 6Item6Item 6 A.A. We decided to skip breakfast, for a spiderWe decided to skip breakfast, for a spider crawled out of the cereal box.crawled out of the cereal box. B.B. We decided to skip breakfast, and a spiderWe decided to skip breakfast, and a spider crawled out of the cereal box.crawled out of the cereal box. C.C. We decided to skip breakfast, so a spiderWe decided to skip breakfast, so a spider crawled out of the cereal box.crawled out of the cereal box. A.A. We decided to skip breakfast, for a spiderWe decided to skip breakfast, for a spider crawled out of the cereal box.crawled out of the cereal box. B.B. We decided to skip breakfast, and a spiderWe decided to skip breakfast, and a spider crawled out of the cereal box.crawled out of the cereal box. C.C. We decided to skip breakfast, so a spiderWe decided to skip breakfast, so a spider crawled out of the cereal box.crawled out of the cereal box.
- 20. Item 7Item 7Item7Item 7 A.A. Madison and I decided to eat ice cream forMadison and I decided to eat ice cream for dinner so that we had burned enough caloriesdinner so that we had burned enough calories earlier at the gym.earlier at the gym. B.B. Madison and I decided to eat ice cream forMadison and I decided to eat ice cream for dinner because we had burned enough caloriesdinner because we had burned enough calories earlier at the gym.earlier at the gym. C.C. Although Madison and I decided to eat iceAlthough Madison and I decided to eat ice cream for dinner, we had burned enoughcream for dinner, we had burned enough calories earlier at the gym.calories earlier at the gym. A.A. Madison and I decided to eat ice cream forMadison and I decided to eat ice cream for dinner so that we had burned enough caloriesdinner so that we had burned enough calories earlier at the gym.earlier at the gym. B.B. Madison and I decided to eat ice cream forMadison and I decided to eat ice cream for dinner because we had burned enoughdinner because we had burned enough calories earlier at the gym.calories earlier at the gym. C.C. Although Madison and I decided to eat iceAlthough Madison and I decided to eat ice cream for dinner, we had burned enoughcream for dinner, we had burned enough calories earlier at the gym.calories earlier at the gym.
- 21. Item 8Item 8Item8Item 8 A.A. Even though Hank vacuumed the rental car, heEven though Hank vacuumed the rental car, he failed to remove all the hair of Bonkers, hisfailed to remove all the hair of Bonkers, his golden retriever.golden retriever. B.B. Unless Hank vacuumed the rental car, he failedUnless Hank vacuumed the rental car, he failed to remove all the hair of Bonkers, his goldento remove all the hair of Bonkers, his golden retriever.retriever. C.C. Since Hank vacuumed the rental car, he failedSince Hank vacuumed the rental car, he failed to remove all the hair of Bonkers, his goldento remove all the hair of Bonkers, his golden retriever.retriever. A.A. Even though Hank vacuumed the rental car,Even though Hank vacuumed the rental car, he failed to remove all the hair of Bonkers,he failed to remove all the hair of Bonkers, his golden retriever.his golden retriever. B.B. Unless Hank vacuumed the rental car, he failedUnless Hank vacuumed the rental car, he failed to remove all the hair of Bonkers, his goldento remove all the hair of Bonkers, his golden retriever.retriever. C.C. Since Hank vacuumed the rental car, he failedSince Hank vacuumed the rental car, he failed to remove all the hair of Bonkers, his goldento remove all the hair of Bonkers, his golden retriever.retriever.
- 22. Item 9Item 9Item9Item 9 A.A. Bonkers retrieves anything round, but put awayBonkers retrieves anything round, but put away those CDs if you don’t want teeth marks inthose CDs if you don’t want teeth marks in them.them. B.B. Bonkers retrieves anything round, and put awayBonkers retrieves anything round, and put away those CDs if you don’t want teeth marks inthose CDs if you don’t want teeth marks in them.them. C.C. Bonkers retrieves anything round, so put awayBonkers retrieves anything round, so put away those CDs if you don’t want teeth marks inthose CDs if you don’t want teeth marks in them.them. A.A. Bonkers retrieves anything round, but put awayBonkers retrieves anything round, but put away those CDs if you don’t want teeth marks inthose CDs if you don’t want teeth marks in them.them. B.B. Bonkers retrieves anything round, and put awayBonkers retrieves anything round, and put away those CDs if you don’t want teeth marks inthose CDs if you don’t want teeth marks in them.them. C.C. Bonkers retrieves anything round, so putBonkers retrieves anything round, so put away those CDs if you don’t want teethaway those CDs if you don’t want teeth marks in them.marks in them.
- 23. Item 10Item 10Item10Item 10 A.A. Andre mowed the lawn while Celia watchedAndre mowed the lawn while Celia watched soap operas on television.soap operas on television. B.B. While Andre mowed the lawn Celia watchedWhile Andre mowed the lawn Celia watched soap operas on television.soap operas on television. C.C. While Andre mowed the lawn Celia, on theWhile Andre mowed the lawn Celia, on the other hand, watched soap operas on television.other hand, watched soap operas on television. A.A. Andre mowed the lawn while Celia watchedAndre mowed the lawn while Celia watched soap operas on television.soap operas on television. B.B. While Andre mowed the lawn Celia watchedWhile Andre mowed the lawn Celia watched soap operas on television.soap operas on television. C.C. While Andre mowed the lawn Celia, on theWhile Andre mowed the lawn Celia, on the other hand, watched soap operas on television.other hand, watched soap operas on television.
- 24.