The document discusses gerund phrases. It defines a gerund phrase as consisting of a gerund accompanied by modifiers and/or objects. It provides examples of gerund phrases functioning as subjects, direct objects, subjective complements, objects of prepositions, and appositives. The examples serve to illustrate these different functions of gerund phrases in sentences.

1. Je Cho

2. Phrases introduced by
gerund are called gerund
phrases/gerundial
phrases.

3. A gerund phrase will
begin with a gerund, an
ing word, and will
include other modifiers
and/or objects.

4. GROUP#3

5. IV-SUN
A gerund phrase consists of a
gerund accompanied by an
adjective, an adverb, a direct
object, or a prepositional phrase.

6. Gerundial phrases may be use as:
1. Subject
2. Direct Object
*A direct object (DO) answers the question
what in an S-TV-DO pattern.
3. Subjective Complement
4. Object of the Preposition (OP)
5. Appositive (A)
* An appositive identifies or explains a noun.
*Raising the quality of living of all peoples of the
world identifies the noun vision.

7. EXAMPLES:
[In the following examples, the gerund is bold and the gerund phrase is underlined.]
Flying above the lake at this time of night seems
a little dangerous.
FLYING is the subject of the sentence. A subject is a noun. A form of the verb ending in ING and used as a noun is
a gerund. FLYING is a gerund.
Ethan avoided doing his homework because the Ducks
were playing the Cougars.
DOING is the direct object of the verb AVOIDED. An object is a noun. A form of the verb ending in ING and used as
a noun is a gerund. DOING is a gerund. HOMEWORK is the object of the gerund.

8. Seeing is believing.
In the first sentence seeing and believing are both
gerunds. Seeing is the subject of the sentence, while
believing is the complement of the subject.

9. I'm really not interested in
studying biochemistry for the rest
of my life.
[gerund phrase as object of the preposition in ]
The best exercise, walking briskly,
is also the least expensive.
[Gerund phrase as appositive]