Cooling tower management
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The document discusses a hybrid approach for cooling towers used in power plants. It explains how water flows from the cooling tower to the surface condenser. It lists parameters like circulation flow, inlet/outlet water temperatures, and cooling tower air fans that are monitored. Currently, water data is collected manually each hour but not used for assessment. A new concept would hook all this data into a platform to automatically assess the cooling tower's coefficient of performance, effectiveness, and system energy consumption, enabling energy optimization, circuit improvements, and suggestions for condenser cleaning.
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THE CARNOT THEOREM Shivani rajput BSC I 2018
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2) The efficiency of a Carnot cycle depends only on the temperatures of the hot and cold reservoirs, and is given by 1 - Tcold/Thot.
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The effect of varying water flow rate on the performance of mechanical draugh...
To show how
different water flow rates e ffect on the performance of mechanical
draught cooling tower.
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This document compares different controller strategies (feedback, feedback with feedforward, and internal model control) for controlling temperature in a heat exchanger system. It describes a heat exchanger system with cold water input and temperature sensor output. The strategies are assessed based on transient response criteria like overshoot and settling time, and error-based criteria like integral of absolute and square errors. The study finds that internal model control outperforms the other strategies for a second-order plus dead time system.
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The document discusses energy audits conducted on HVAC equipment at a client site by MGCS-Energy Audit Company. It analyzes the performance of two chillers and two cooling towers. For the chillers, it is found that Chiller 2 has a higher condenser approach and lift, indicating its condenser is fouled. Cleaning the condenser is recommended to improve Chiller 2's efficiency. For the cooling towers, Tower 2 has a higher approach and lower effectiveness, suggesting relocating the towers to the terrace for better air flow. The audits identify opportunities for energy savings through equipment maintenance and modifications.
J010346786
This document summarizes a study that optimizes PID controller parameters for load frequency control in a four-area interconnected power system using particle swarm optimization. The four-area system includes thermal, thermal with reheat, hydro, and gas power plants. PID controllers are used for each area. Particle swarm optimization is used to minimize the integral of squared error performance index by optimizing the PID parameters. Simulation results in MATLAB/Simulink demonstrate improved regulation of frequency deviations and tie-line power flows with the optimized PID controllers.
Showcase ppt ver 8
This document discusses research being conducted to optimize the cooling system design of the Villanova Steel Orca Research Center data center. Various cooling strategies and containment configurations will be tested using CFD software to minimize total energy consumption for cooling. Key factors like supply air flow rate and chiller supply temperature setpoint will be optimized. The most efficient designs will be validated at the new research facility to improve data center energy efficiency.
Greenhouse controlling project
This document summarizes a student project that monitors and controls parameters in a greenhouse using sensors and a microcontroller. It measures temperature, humidity, light, and soil moisture and can control devices like fans, heaters, and motors. It also describes circuits for automatic street light control, unauthorized entrance detection, and automatic water pump control. The project aims to maintain optimal conditions for plant growth.
Process control examples and applications
Process control involves maintaining the output of a process within a desired range through mechanisms and algorithms. For example, controlling the temperature of a chemical reactor to maintain consistent product output. There are different types of process control including regulatory control to maintain performance at a certain level, feedforward control which anticipates disturbances to compensate before they affect the process, and adaptive control where the controller modifies its own parameters based on dynamic process conditions. Discrete control systems make event-driven or time-driven changes to processes.
Heat pump design using peltier element For temperature control of the flow cell
This document summarizes a research paper on the design of a heat pump system using Peltier elements for precise temperature control in a biochemistry analyzer. Key points:
- A microcontroller generates a PWM signal to produce set point temperature voltages via a low-pass filter. A Peltier device acts as a heat pump to control temperature.
- Temperature is measured at the flow cell using an LM35 sensor. PID control compares this to the set point and adjusts the Peltier device accordingly.
- Experimental results show the system can achieve temperatures of 25°C, 30°C and 37°C within 2-5 seconds with accuracy of ±0.1°C, meeting requirements for automated
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An electronic ignition control system for internal combustion engine, notably for motor vehicles, which comprises a rotary member revolving at engine speed and provided with two reference marks Which the position correspond to the maximum ignition advance angle and to the minimum ignition advance angle, respectively , said reference marks defining at least one area on said rotary member, a sensor disposed in close vicinity of said rotary member so as to detect the moments of passage of said references marks and at least one up and down counter for counting pulse, said rotary member further comprising a third references marks separate from the first two reference marks aforesaid so as to define two successive areas scanned in succession by said sensor, while a first up and down counter positively counts the pulse from a first area and negatively counts, during passage of second area the pulse from second clock system adapted to emit pluses at a frequency programmable according to the desired ignition advance law, the resetting of said up and down counter being utilized for producing ignition spark. Finally up and down counter calculates the final value of the advance angle. After calculating the final value of advance angle signal send to the ignition box to ignition coil, and ignition coil operate the spark as per advance angle.
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Cooling tower management
- 1. Hybrid Approach - Cooling Tower
- 2. Power Plant - Water Circuit This explains us the flow of the water in the cooling tower to the surface condenser in case of the power plants. In order to quantify the cooling tower performance we will need get all the information that will be prudent for the analysis.
- 3. Performance Assessment In the Plants we will observe that the following parameters will be hooked up in the system : 1. Circulation Flow 2. Inlet Water Temp 3. Outlet Water Temp 4. CT Air Fans , Power and Speed Variation There is a lab associated with the Cooling tower which does the sampling of the water data for one hour basis and this data is manual completely and is not currently used in the assessment by the plants. Some Parameters like air velocity and pressure in the line flow and pressure drop
- 4. New Concept on Hybrid Platform In the new concept we will hook all the data into the platform which will enable to do the performance assessment of the cooling tower: 1. COC of the System 2. CT Effectiveness 3. SEC of the system Benefits : 1. Energy Optimisation for the Cooling Tower 2. Power Water Circuit Improvement 3. Able to Suggest the Condenser Cleaning for Performance Improvement