1) The document describes the working principle of an open cycle gas turbine, which consists of a compressor, combustion chamber, and gas turbine mounted on the same shaft.
2) It then discusses the Brayton cycle, which models the open cycle gas turbine as a closed cycle using a combustion heat exchanger and chiller heat exchanger to recirculate the working fluid.
3) The document lists some advantages and disadvantages of open cycle gas turbines, such as their simplicity but also high air rate and sensitivity to changes in efficiency and temperature.
here i have cover below topics
1. introduction
2. Components In Gas Turbine
3. Gas Turbine Working
4. Air Standard Cycle
5. Brayton Cycle
6. Brayton Cycle history
7. Gas Turbine Plant (Open Cycle)
8. Gas Turbine Plant (Close Cycle)
9. Brayton Cycle On P-V & T-S Plane
10. Efficiency of Brayton Cycle
11. Isentropic Efficiency Of Compressor
12. Isentropic Efficiency Of Turbine
13. Work Ratio
14. Merits and Demerits
Brayton cycle is a air standard cycle used to understand working of gas turbines. It is constant pressure cycle which shows how process are going in gas turbine.
The presentation represents an overview of brayton cycle.The brief ideas along with advantages,disadvantages and application are described.The thermodynamics analysis,derivation,block diagrams are also attached.
here i have cover below topics
1. introduction
2. Components In Gas Turbine
3. Gas Turbine Working
4. Air Standard Cycle
5. Brayton Cycle
6. Brayton Cycle history
7. Gas Turbine Plant (Open Cycle)
8. Gas Turbine Plant (Close Cycle)
9. Brayton Cycle On P-V & T-S Plane
10. Efficiency of Brayton Cycle
11. Isentropic Efficiency Of Compressor
12. Isentropic Efficiency Of Turbine
13. Work Ratio
14. Merits and Demerits
Brayton cycle is a air standard cycle used to understand working of gas turbines. It is constant pressure cycle which shows how process are going in gas turbine.
The presentation represents an overview of brayton cycle.The brief ideas along with advantages,disadvantages and application are described.The thermodynamics analysis,derivation,block diagrams are also attached.
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(
ME- 495 Laboratory Exercise
–
Number 1
– Brayton Cycle -
ME Department, SDSU
-
Nourollahi
) (
11
)Brayton Cycle (Gas Turbine Power Cycle)
Objective
The objective of this lab exercise is to gain practical knowledge of the Brayton cycle. The Brayton cycle illustrates the cold-air-standard assumption (constant specific heats at room temperature) model of a gas turbine power cycle. A portable propulsion laboratory[footnoteRef:1] containing a Model SR-30 turbojet is used in this exercise. The student shall apply the basic equations for Brayton cycle analysis by using empirical measurements at different points in the Brayton cycle. [1: Manufactured by Turbine Technologies Ltd. Called TTL Mini-Lab]
Figure 1: TTL Mini-Lab manufactured by Turbine Technologies Ltd. (TTL)Background
A simple gas turbine engine has three main components: a compressor section, a combustion chamber and a turbine section. Basic operation entails drawing atmospheric air into the compressor where it is heated through compression. The compressed and heated air is mixed with fuel in the combustion chamber. The air/fuel mixture burns at constant pressure in the combustion chamber. The resulting hot gas is directed to the turbine section where it expands. As the gas expands it produces a thrust reaction and performs work by turning the turbine. The turbine is connected to the compressor by a shaft. The resulting shaft work is used to drive the compressor and auxiliary power supplies.
The gas turbine has wide spread application. Most notably, it is used to power and propel aircraft and large ships. In some cases only the thrust resulting from the expanding gas exiting the turbine is used for propulsion and the shaft work is used to drive the compressor and power electrical systems. In turbo-fan engines some of the shaft work is used to drive a large fan that aids in propulsion. In other applications, such as helicopters and ships, propulsion is achieved through the shaft work, which is used to drive transmission/gear boxes that are connected to the rotor blades or propeller, respectively. Gas turbines are also commonly used to drive large electrical generators in power plant applications.Theory
The Brayton cycle consists of four basic processes (see Figure3 & 4). Low-pressure air is drawn into the compressor section and undergoes isentropic compression. Next, the heated and compressed air is combined with fuel in the combustion chamber. The air/fuel mixture experiences reversible constant pressure heat addition. The resulting hot gas enters the turbine section where it undergoes isentropic expansion. To complete the cycle (the exhaust and intake in the open cycle) the gas experiences reversible constant pressure heat rejection.
Thermodynamics and the First Law of Thermodynamics determine the overall energy transfer. The following assumptions are used when analyzing the gas turbine cycles:
1. The working fluid (air) is an ideal gas throughout the cycle.
2. The combust ...
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
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2. Prepared By
Name Enrollment No.
Chaudhari Saurabh S. 130420109011
Chauhan Naren J. 130420109012
Chodvadiya Kartik B. 130420109013
Desai Krunal P. 130420109014
Desai Manan B. 130420109015
Guided By:-
3. Numerical Based On Reheat Cycle
Brayton Cycle
Open Cycle Gas Turbine
4.
5. Working Principal
Open gas turbine cycle is the most basic gas turbine unit. The working
fluid does not circulate through the system, therefore it is not a true cycle.
It consists of a compressor, a combustion chamber and a gas turbine. The
compressor and the gas turbine are mounted on the same shaft. The
compressor unit is either centrifugal or axial flow type.
The working fluid goes through the following processes:
1-2 irreversible but approximately adiabatic compression
2-3 constant pressure heat supply in the combustion chamber
3-4 irreversible but approximately adiabatic expansion of combustion
gases
Advantages:-
Simplicity: A simple open cycle gas turbine has only three
components,compressor ,combustion chamber turbine.The
combustion chamber is inexpensive,light weight and small with a
high rate of heat release.It can be designed to burn almost all
hydrocarbon fuels ranging from gasoline to heavy diesel oil.
6. Low weight and size: Open cycle gas turbine has lower specific weight
and requires less space per unit power output. This property of producing
more power output in a small space and low weight is quite useful in the
field of aeronautics.
No warm-up period: Open cycle gas turbine can accelerate from a cold
start to a full load without a warm-up period.
Low capital cost: Since open cycle gas turbine has only minimum
components and has low weigh and size per unit power output ,the
capital cost is less compared to other plants.
Disadvantages:-
Sensitivity: The simple open cycle gas turbine is sensitive to changes in
the component efficiencies. A reduction in the efficiencies of compressor
and turbine will rapidly lower the efficiency of the cycle. The open cycle
gas turbine is sensitive to changes in the atmospheric temperature. An
increase in atmospheric temperature lowers the thermal efficiency.
High air rate: Simple open cycle gas turbine has a very high air rate.
This high air rate is not a disadvantage in most of the applications like a
aviation field but is a prime factor in marine applications.
7. The Brayton cycle is a thermodynamic cycle that describes the
workings of a constant pressure heat engine. Gas turbine engines
and air breathing jet engines use the Brayton cycle.
Although the Brayton cycle is usually run as an open system (and
indeed must be run as such if internal combustion is used), it is
conventionally assumed for the purposes
of thermodynamic analysis that the exhaust gases are reused in
the intake, enabling analysis as a closed system.
Assumption:-
The working fluid is air and it behaves as an ideal gas
The cycle is modeled as a closed cycle with the air cooled in
the chiller heat exchanger and recirculated to the compressor.
The combustion chamber is replaced by combustion heat
exchanger
All processes are internally reversible
9. Processes: -
1-2: isentropic compression
2-3: constant pressure energy addition
3-4: isentropic expansion
4-1: constant pressure energy rejection
Efficiency:-
Energy added, Q1= mCp (T3-T2)
Energy rejected, Q2= mCp (T4-T1)
Thermal efficiency,
10. The processes 1-2 and 3-4 are isentropic. Hence
We get,
or
Therefore,
Where rp is defined as,
11.
12. the work required to compress in a steady flow device can be reduced by
compressing in Stages.
cooling the gas reduces the specific volume and in turn the work
required for compression
by itself compression with intercooling does not provide a significant
increase in the efficiency of a gas turbine because the temperature at the
combustor inlet would require additional heat transfer to achieve the
desired turbine inlet temperature
but the lower temperature at the compressor exit enhances the potential
for regeneration i.e. a larger ΔT across the heat exchanger
13.
14. T3 is limited due to metallurgical constraints
excess air is extracted and fed into a second stage combustor and turbine
turbine outlet temperature is increased with reheat (T6 > T4), therefore
potential for regeneration is enhanced
when reheat and regeneration are used together the thermal efficiency can
increase significantly