Why convex mirrors are used in vehicles? Why plain mirrors or concave mirrors are not used?How to distinguish by looking at a image if the mirror is convex,concave or plain mirror?
This document discusses different types of lenses, their properties, and applications. It defines converging and diverging lenses, and describes their focal lengths, principal axes, and how they form real or virtual images. Examples of optical instruments that use lenses are also provided, such as magnifying glasses, microscopes, and telescopes.
Lenses are transparent materials that refract light in a predictable way. They are used to magnify or project images. There are two main types of lenses: convex and concave. Convex lenses are thicker in the center and converge light, forming a real image. Concave lenses are thinner in the center and diverge light, forming a virtual upright image that is smaller than the object. The way light rays behave when passing through lenses can be depicted using ray diagrams to show the characteristics of the image formed.
This document summarizes image formation using mirrors, specifically concave and convex mirrors. It discusses the key parts of each type of mirror like focal point and radius of curvature. Properties of the mirrors are explained, such as how concave mirrors form real images while convex mirrors form virtual upright images. Examples of uses for each mirror in daily life are provided. Formulas for calculating image distances and heights are also presented.
The document discusses key concepts related to reflection of light, including:
1) Luminous objects generate their own light, while illuminated objects reflect light. Reflection occurs when light bounces off a smooth, shiny surface at the same angle as it hits the surface.
2) The incident ray strikes the mirror, and the reflected ray leaves the mirror and strikes the eye, forming the line of sight from the image to the eye.
3) The angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection.
1. The document discusses the formation of images by convex and concave lenses.
2. For a convex lens, the type, orientation, size and location of the image depends on where the object is placed relative to the focal points of the lens.
3. For a concave lens, the image is always virtual, upright and smaller than the object, regardless of the object's location.
This document discusses reflection of light and images formed by flat mirrors. It distinguishes between specular and diffuse reflection, with specular occurring from smooth surfaces and diffuse from rough surfaces. The law of reflection is explained, which states that the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection. Real images are formed when light rays converge at the image point, while virtual images appear to come from the point but do not involve light ray convergence.
This document discusses convex mirrors and how images are formed using ray tracing. It explains that a convex mirror's reflecting surface bulges outward and that images formed in convex mirrors are always virtual, upright, and smaller than the object. The document uses ray tracing diagrams to show how parallel, focal, and straight rays reflect off a convex mirror and locate the virtual image. Applications of convex mirrors mentioned include makeup/shaving mirrors and wide-angle mirrors used on cars or at blind intersections.
Light refracts when passing from one medium to another with a different density. When light travels from a less dense to a more dense medium, it bends toward the normal, and when traveling from more dense to less dense, it bends away from the normal. The refractive index is a ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to the speed in a particular medium, and is represented by the Greek letter μ. Snell's law describes the relationship between the angles of incidence and refraction.
This document discusses different types of lenses, their properties, and applications. It defines converging and diverging lenses, and describes their focal lengths, principal axes, and how they form real or virtual images. Examples of optical instruments that use lenses are also provided, such as magnifying glasses, microscopes, and telescopes.
Lenses are transparent materials that refract light in a predictable way. They are used to magnify or project images. There are two main types of lenses: convex and concave. Convex lenses are thicker in the center and converge light, forming a real image. Concave lenses are thinner in the center and diverge light, forming a virtual upright image that is smaller than the object. The way light rays behave when passing through lenses can be depicted using ray diagrams to show the characteristics of the image formed.
This document summarizes image formation using mirrors, specifically concave and convex mirrors. It discusses the key parts of each type of mirror like focal point and radius of curvature. Properties of the mirrors are explained, such as how concave mirrors form real images while convex mirrors form virtual upright images. Examples of uses for each mirror in daily life are provided. Formulas for calculating image distances and heights are also presented.
The document discusses key concepts related to reflection of light, including:
1) Luminous objects generate their own light, while illuminated objects reflect light. Reflection occurs when light bounces off a smooth, shiny surface at the same angle as it hits the surface.
2) The incident ray strikes the mirror, and the reflected ray leaves the mirror and strikes the eye, forming the line of sight from the image to the eye.
3) The angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection.
1. The document discusses the formation of images by convex and concave lenses.
2. For a convex lens, the type, orientation, size and location of the image depends on where the object is placed relative to the focal points of the lens.
3. For a concave lens, the image is always virtual, upright and smaller than the object, regardless of the object's location.
This document discusses reflection of light and images formed by flat mirrors. It distinguishes between specular and diffuse reflection, with specular occurring from smooth surfaces and diffuse from rough surfaces. The law of reflection is explained, which states that the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection. Real images are formed when light rays converge at the image point, while virtual images appear to come from the point but do not involve light ray convergence.
This document discusses convex mirrors and how images are formed using ray tracing. It explains that a convex mirror's reflecting surface bulges outward and that images formed in convex mirrors are always virtual, upright, and smaller than the object. The document uses ray tracing diagrams to show how parallel, focal, and straight rays reflect off a convex mirror and locate the virtual image. Applications of convex mirrors mentioned include makeup/shaving mirrors and wide-angle mirrors used on cars or at blind intersections.
Light refracts when passing from one medium to another with a different density. When light travels from a less dense to a more dense medium, it bends toward the normal, and when traveling from more dense to less dense, it bends away from the normal. The refractive index is a ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to the speed in a particular medium, and is represented by the Greek letter μ. Snell's law describes the relationship between the angles of incidence and refraction.
This document provides information about light reflection and refraction. It discusses the laws of reflection and refraction, and how light behaves when interacting with spherical mirrors and lenses. Key points covered include:
- The law of reflection states that the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection.
- Reflection and refraction of light can be used to form real or virtual images with mirrors and lenses.
- Spherical mirrors and lenses have a focal point where light rays converge or appear to diverge, depending on whether the surface is convex or concave.
- Mirror and lens formulas relate the focal length to the object and image distances.
This document discusses ray diagrams for concave mirrors. It explains that rays parallel to the principal axis will be reflected through the principal focus, rays passing through the principal focus will be reflected parallel to the principal axis, and rays passing through the center of curvature will be reflected back along their own path. The document constructs ray diagrams to show the nature of the image formed for objects placed at different positions relative to the focal point and center of curvature of the concave mirror.
The document discusses the principles of image formation using lenses and how lenses are used in corrective lenses. It covers the basics of refraction, how converging and diverging lenses form images using ray tracing rules, and examples of how converging and diverging lenses can correct for nearsightedness and farsightedness by forming intermediate images at the appropriate focal points for the eye. Diagrams illustrate the ray tracing and image formation for different types of lenses. Exercises provide examples of using the ray tracing rules to locate images.
The document describes the properties of images formed by convex and concave lenses. It explains that a real image is formed when light rays converge on the opposite side of the lens, appearing inverted. A virtual image is formed when light rays diverge on the same side of the lens, appearing upright. The document then analyzes six cases of an object at different distances from a convex lens and concave lens to determine the corresponding image properties.
Light propagates in straight lines and can be reflected, refracted, and diffracted when interacting with matter. Reflection occurs when light hits a smooth surface and bounces back into the same medium at the same angle. Regular reflection occurs from plane mirrors where the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection. Spherical mirrors can be concave or convex. Concave mirrors form real, inverted images, while convex mirrors form virtual, upright images. The mirror equation relates the focal length and distances of the object and image.
The document discusses reflection of light, including specular and diffuse reflection. It defines the law of reflection, which states that the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection, and that the incident ray, reflected ray, and normal ray all lie in the same plane. Specular reflection occurs off smooth surfaces, reflecting light in one direction, while diffuse reflection occurs off rough surfaces, scattering light in many directions. The document uses examples and diagrams to illustrate these concepts.
The document discusses refraction rules for converging and diverging lenses. It states that for a converging lens, any ray parallel to the principal axis will pass through the focal point on the opposite side, and any ray through the focal point will exit parallel to the principal axis. For a diverging lens, any ray parallel to the principal axis will pass through the focal point, and any ray toward the focal point will exit parallel to the principal axis. Additionally, any ray passing through the center of either lens will continue in the same direction.
The document defines key terms related to the reflection of light such as normal, angle of incidence, and angle of reflection. It states that the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection and uses this principle in calculations and measurements. Examples are provided to demonstrate calculating angles of incidence and reflection from diagrams of light rays reflecting off plane mirrors.
This document summarizes Isaac Newton's particle theory of light from the 17th century. [1] Newton proposed that light consisted of small particles called corpuscles that traveled in straight lines. [2] The particle theory explained observations of reflection, shadows, and light traveling in straight paths. [3] However, the particle theory struggled to explain phenomena like diffraction and interference that are characteristic of waves.
This document discusses the properties of reflection and refraction of light by spherical mirrors and lenses. It defines key terms like focal length, pole, principal axis, image formation, magnification, and sign conventions. The laws of reflection and refraction are described, including the mirror formula, lens formula, and definitions of refractive index. Image formation diagrams are presented for concave and convex mirrors and lenses. Common uses of these optical components are also noted.
Light - Reflection and Refraction, Class X, CBSE, ScienceDevesh Saini
PowerPoint Presentation covering all the concepts and topics of the chapter : Light- Reflection and Refraction of class X (CBSE).
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Lenses are mainly made of glass or clear plastics and are used widely in optical instruments like glasses, cameras, and telescopes. They work by refracting light rays using their convex or concave shapes. Convex lenses converge light rays to a focal point, forming real or virtual images depending on the object's position. Concave lenses diverge light rays. Optical instruments like telescopes use multiple lenses to enlarge images. Cameras also use a single lens to focus an image onto photographic film.
Lenses can be either convex or concave depending on their thickness. A convex lens is thicker in the center and converges light rays, forming a real or virtual image. A concave lens is thinner in the center and diverges light rays, always forming a virtual image. The location and properties of an image formed by a lens depends on the position of the object relative to the lens's focal points, which can be determined using lens formulas and ray diagrams. Lenses are used in optical systems to focus and manipulate light in applications like cameras, microscopes, and eyeglasses.
1. The document describes the key parts and rules for ray diagramming with concave mirrors, convex mirrors, convex lenses, and concave lenses. It defines focal points, focal lengths, and principal axes.
2. Properties of images formed by these optical components are described in different cases based on the object's position. Real, inverted images are formed by concave mirrors and convex lenses when the object is beyond the focal point.
3. Convex mirrors and concave lenses form virtual, upright images between the object and mirror/lens. Uses of these components include security mirrors, vehicle mirrors, corrective lenses, and magnifying glasses.
Concave mirrors are curved mirrors that are bent inward. They reflect light to a single focal point and are used to focus light. Common applications of concave mirrors include vehicle headlights, telescopes, microscopes, and solar power devices. Concave mirrors form different types of images depending on where the object is placed relative to the center of curvature and focal point of the mirror.
This document discusses different types of mirrors and how they work. It explains that convex mirrors produce smaller, virtual images behind the mirror, while concave mirrors can produce either magnified real images or virtual images, depending on the object's distance from the mirror. The document also introduces ray diagrams as a tool to determine image characteristics like location, size, and whether the image is real or virtual.
1) Light behaves both as a wave and particle. It undergoes various phenomena like reflection, refraction, diffraction etc. which were explained by wave theory.
2) Reflection of light follows the laws - the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection, and the incident ray, normal and reflected ray lie in the same plane. Reflection can be regular from smooth surfaces or diffuse from rough surfaces.
3) Spherical mirrors are either concave or convex. Concave mirrors converge parallel rays to a focal point, while convex mirrors diverge them from a focal point behind the mirror. Images formed depend on the position of the object.
Reflection of light in spherical mirrorMUBASHIRA M
this slide contains laws and terms of reflection of light. especially the image formation and ray diagrams of spherical mirror that are mainly useful for science students
This document discusses key concepts regarding image formation by spherical mirrors, including:
1) Definitions of terms like radius of curvature, focal length, and center of curvature.
2) The rules of reflection for curved mirrors, including that light rays parallel to the principal axis pass through the focal point.
3) How the position of the object determines the location and characteristics of the real or virtual image formed by concave and convex mirrors, such as whether images are upright or inverted and magnified or diminished.
Light is a form of energy that travels at the maximum speed and in straight lines. It undergoes various phenomena like reflection, refraction, scattering, and interference. A concave mirror is a spherical mirror with a reflective convex surface that forms real, inverted images. The location and size of the image formed by a concave mirror depends on where the object is placed relative to the focal point and center of curvature of the mirror. Common uses of concave mirrors include vehicle headlights, dentistry/ENT tools, shaving mirrors, and telescopes.
Spherical mirrors can be either concave or convex depending on whether the surface is bent inwards or bulges outwards. They are constructed from glass with one surface carved into a spherical shape for reflection. Spherical mirrors are used in various applications such as shaving, dentistry, vehicle headlights, solar energy collection, and reflecting telescopes. Concave mirrors reflect and focus light rays at a focal point, forming different image types depending on the object distance. Convex mirrors diverge light rays and always produce a virtual, upright, and diminished image regardless of object distance. They are commonly used as vehicle side mirrors and on road curves to increase visibility.
Spherical mirrors can be either concave or convex depending on whether the surface is bent inwards or bulges outwards. They are constructed from glass with one surface carved into a spherical shape for reflection. Spherical mirrors are used in various applications such as shaving, dentistry, vehicle headlights, solar energy collection, and reflecting telescopes. Concave mirrors reflect and focus light rays at a focal point, forming different image types depending on the object distance. Convex mirrors diverge light rays and always produce a virtual, upright, and diminished image regardless of object distance. They are commonly used as vehicle side mirrors and on road curves to increase visibility.
This document provides information about light reflection and refraction. It discusses the laws of reflection and refraction, and how light behaves when interacting with spherical mirrors and lenses. Key points covered include:
- The law of reflection states that the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection.
- Reflection and refraction of light can be used to form real or virtual images with mirrors and lenses.
- Spherical mirrors and lenses have a focal point where light rays converge or appear to diverge, depending on whether the surface is convex or concave.
- Mirror and lens formulas relate the focal length to the object and image distances.
This document discusses ray diagrams for concave mirrors. It explains that rays parallel to the principal axis will be reflected through the principal focus, rays passing through the principal focus will be reflected parallel to the principal axis, and rays passing through the center of curvature will be reflected back along their own path. The document constructs ray diagrams to show the nature of the image formed for objects placed at different positions relative to the focal point and center of curvature of the concave mirror.
The document discusses the principles of image formation using lenses and how lenses are used in corrective lenses. It covers the basics of refraction, how converging and diverging lenses form images using ray tracing rules, and examples of how converging and diverging lenses can correct for nearsightedness and farsightedness by forming intermediate images at the appropriate focal points for the eye. Diagrams illustrate the ray tracing and image formation for different types of lenses. Exercises provide examples of using the ray tracing rules to locate images.
The document describes the properties of images formed by convex and concave lenses. It explains that a real image is formed when light rays converge on the opposite side of the lens, appearing inverted. A virtual image is formed when light rays diverge on the same side of the lens, appearing upright. The document then analyzes six cases of an object at different distances from a convex lens and concave lens to determine the corresponding image properties.
Light propagates in straight lines and can be reflected, refracted, and diffracted when interacting with matter. Reflection occurs when light hits a smooth surface and bounces back into the same medium at the same angle. Regular reflection occurs from plane mirrors where the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection. Spherical mirrors can be concave or convex. Concave mirrors form real, inverted images, while convex mirrors form virtual, upright images. The mirror equation relates the focal length and distances of the object and image.
The document discusses reflection of light, including specular and diffuse reflection. It defines the law of reflection, which states that the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection, and that the incident ray, reflected ray, and normal ray all lie in the same plane. Specular reflection occurs off smooth surfaces, reflecting light in one direction, while diffuse reflection occurs off rough surfaces, scattering light in many directions. The document uses examples and diagrams to illustrate these concepts.
The document discusses refraction rules for converging and diverging lenses. It states that for a converging lens, any ray parallel to the principal axis will pass through the focal point on the opposite side, and any ray through the focal point will exit parallel to the principal axis. For a diverging lens, any ray parallel to the principal axis will pass through the focal point, and any ray toward the focal point will exit parallel to the principal axis. Additionally, any ray passing through the center of either lens will continue in the same direction.
The document defines key terms related to the reflection of light such as normal, angle of incidence, and angle of reflection. It states that the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection and uses this principle in calculations and measurements. Examples are provided to demonstrate calculating angles of incidence and reflection from diagrams of light rays reflecting off plane mirrors.
This document summarizes Isaac Newton's particle theory of light from the 17th century. [1] Newton proposed that light consisted of small particles called corpuscles that traveled in straight lines. [2] The particle theory explained observations of reflection, shadows, and light traveling in straight paths. [3] However, the particle theory struggled to explain phenomena like diffraction and interference that are characteristic of waves.
This document discusses the properties of reflection and refraction of light by spherical mirrors and lenses. It defines key terms like focal length, pole, principal axis, image formation, magnification, and sign conventions. The laws of reflection and refraction are described, including the mirror formula, lens formula, and definitions of refractive index. Image formation diagrams are presented for concave and convex mirrors and lenses. Common uses of these optical components are also noted.
Light - Reflection and Refraction, Class X, CBSE, ScienceDevesh Saini
PowerPoint Presentation covering all the concepts and topics of the chapter : Light- Reflection and Refraction of class X (CBSE).
This is exactly what you are looking for.
Don't forget to comment and give feedback.
Lenses are mainly made of glass or clear plastics and are used widely in optical instruments like glasses, cameras, and telescopes. They work by refracting light rays using their convex or concave shapes. Convex lenses converge light rays to a focal point, forming real or virtual images depending on the object's position. Concave lenses diverge light rays. Optical instruments like telescopes use multiple lenses to enlarge images. Cameras also use a single lens to focus an image onto photographic film.
Lenses can be either convex or concave depending on their thickness. A convex lens is thicker in the center and converges light rays, forming a real or virtual image. A concave lens is thinner in the center and diverges light rays, always forming a virtual image. The location and properties of an image formed by a lens depends on the position of the object relative to the lens's focal points, which can be determined using lens formulas and ray diagrams. Lenses are used in optical systems to focus and manipulate light in applications like cameras, microscopes, and eyeglasses.
1. The document describes the key parts and rules for ray diagramming with concave mirrors, convex mirrors, convex lenses, and concave lenses. It defines focal points, focal lengths, and principal axes.
2. Properties of images formed by these optical components are described in different cases based on the object's position. Real, inverted images are formed by concave mirrors and convex lenses when the object is beyond the focal point.
3. Convex mirrors and concave lenses form virtual, upright images between the object and mirror/lens. Uses of these components include security mirrors, vehicle mirrors, corrective lenses, and magnifying glasses.
Concave mirrors are curved mirrors that are bent inward. They reflect light to a single focal point and are used to focus light. Common applications of concave mirrors include vehicle headlights, telescopes, microscopes, and solar power devices. Concave mirrors form different types of images depending on where the object is placed relative to the center of curvature and focal point of the mirror.
This document discusses different types of mirrors and how they work. It explains that convex mirrors produce smaller, virtual images behind the mirror, while concave mirrors can produce either magnified real images or virtual images, depending on the object's distance from the mirror. The document also introduces ray diagrams as a tool to determine image characteristics like location, size, and whether the image is real or virtual.
1) Light behaves both as a wave and particle. It undergoes various phenomena like reflection, refraction, diffraction etc. which were explained by wave theory.
2) Reflection of light follows the laws - the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection, and the incident ray, normal and reflected ray lie in the same plane. Reflection can be regular from smooth surfaces or diffuse from rough surfaces.
3) Spherical mirrors are either concave or convex. Concave mirrors converge parallel rays to a focal point, while convex mirrors diverge them from a focal point behind the mirror. Images formed depend on the position of the object.
Reflection of light in spherical mirrorMUBASHIRA M
this slide contains laws and terms of reflection of light. especially the image formation and ray diagrams of spherical mirror that are mainly useful for science students
This document discusses key concepts regarding image formation by spherical mirrors, including:
1) Definitions of terms like radius of curvature, focal length, and center of curvature.
2) The rules of reflection for curved mirrors, including that light rays parallel to the principal axis pass through the focal point.
3) How the position of the object determines the location and characteristics of the real or virtual image formed by concave and convex mirrors, such as whether images are upright or inverted and magnified or diminished.
Light is a form of energy that travels at the maximum speed and in straight lines. It undergoes various phenomena like reflection, refraction, scattering, and interference. A concave mirror is a spherical mirror with a reflective convex surface that forms real, inverted images. The location and size of the image formed by a concave mirror depends on where the object is placed relative to the focal point and center of curvature of the mirror. Common uses of concave mirrors include vehicle headlights, dentistry/ENT tools, shaving mirrors, and telescopes.
Spherical mirrors can be either concave or convex depending on whether the surface is bent inwards or bulges outwards. They are constructed from glass with one surface carved into a spherical shape for reflection. Spherical mirrors are used in various applications such as shaving, dentistry, vehicle headlights, solar energy collection, and reflecting telescopes. Concave mirrors reflect and focus light rays at a focal point, forming different image types depending on the object distance. Convex mirrors diverge light rays and always produce a virtual, upright, and diminished image regardless of object distance. They are commonly used as vehicle side mirrors and on road curves to increase visibility.
Spherical mirrors can be either concave or convex depending on whether the surface is bent inwards or bulges outwards. They are constructed from glass with one surface carved into a spherical shape for reflection. Spherical mirrors are used in various applications such as shaving, dentistry, vehicle headlights, solar energy collection, and reflecting telescopes. Concave mirrors reflect and focus light rays at a focal point, forming different image types depending on the object distance. Convex mirrors diverge light rays and always produce a virtual, upright, and diminished image regardless of object distance. They are commonly used as vehicle side mirrors and on road curves to increase visibility.
The document discusses different types of mirrors, including plane mirrors that reflect images normally but reversed left to right, and spherical mirrors that can be either convex or concave. Concave mirrors form upright or inverted images that depend on the object's location, with the image located behind the mirror, while convex mirrors always form upright virtual images.
This document discusses curved mirrors and their properties. It notes that curved mirrors have surfaces shaped like parts of spheres and defines convex and concave mirrors. Convex mirrors bulge outward and produce virtual images, while concave mirrors bulge inward and can produce real or virtual images depending on the object position. Examples of uses of each type of mirror are provided, such as passenger side car mirrors using convex mirrors and telescopes and makeup mirrors using concave mirrors. The key differences in image formation between convex and concave mirrors are also summarized.
this presentation will hepl you in studying and reviewing to cope up with your lessons. Because mirrors reflect light, they create an illusion of open space by doubling whatever is in a room. Interior decorators use mirrors to make rooms feel larger and more inviting than they truly may be. Certain styles of mirrors may give a room a certain atmosphere based on their appearance. Additionally, decorators may use lenses to reflect light or add color. They may place candles on mirrors to magnify the shimmering effect or use a series of prisms to create rainbows in a white room.
This document provides information about optical instruments and how images are formed using different types of mirrors and lenses. It defines flat mirrors, concave mirrors, convex mirrors and how they form virtual or real, upright or inverted images. Concave mirrors are described as converging while convex mirrors diverge. The document also discusses ray diagrams to show image formation and provides examples of images formed by concave and convex mirrors. Common optical instruments like cameras, microscopes, magnifying glasses, eyeglasses, telescopes and binoculars are listed and the document outlines how each works.
Light can travel through a vacuum and enables us to see. It exhibits rectilinear propagation, reflecting regularly off smooth surfaces and irregularly off rough surfaces. Images can be real, formed by the actual intersection of light rays, or virtual, formed behind a mirror but not by the actual intersection of rays. Spherical mirrors can be concave or convex and have defined optical characteristics. Concave mirrors form enlarged images close to the mirror and diminished ones further away. Convex mirrors always form diminished, erect images. Lenses come in converging and diverging types and also have specific optical properties depending on the position of objects in relation to the focal point.
This document contains lecture notes on optics, including mirrors and lenses. Key points include:
- Spherical mirrors can be convex or concave, and the location and properties of images formed by each type are explained using ray tracing diagrams.
- Convex mirrors form virtual, upright, smaller images closer to the mirror than the object. Concave mirrors can form real or virtual images depending on the object location.
- Lenses use refraction rather than reflection, and convex lenses converge rays while concave lenses diverge them.
reflection of light in spherical spheres.pptxJyothishJJoy
Spherical mirrors are mirrors with curved reflective surfaces, either concave (curved inward) or convex (curved outward). Concave mirrors form images that are virtual, upright, and left-right reversed, located behind the mirror at a distance equal to the object's distance from the mirror. Ray diagrams can be used to understand the position and features of images formed by spherical mirrors, using two key rays - one incident ray and one reflected ray.
This document discusses key concepts in geometric optics including reflection and refraction using mirrors and lenses. It defines geometric optics as focusing on the creation of images and outlines basic rules like light traveling in straight lines. Reflection is described for plane and spherical mirrors, including image formation. Refraction is covered for convex and concave lenses, including image distances and uses. Reflection and refraction in the eye are also summarized.
Most of the times this study confused me...so, i just put some important points in one place to easily keep them in mind..hope it will help other students as well..and inform me, if a reader find anything new to improve it further.
Reflection of light
Spherical mirrors
Images formation by spherical mirrors
Representation of images formed by spherical mirrors using ray diagrams
Mirror formula and magnification
Light travels in a straight line. Objects can be transparent, translucent, or opaque depending on how much light they allow to pass through. Reflection is when light bounces off a surface like a mirror. The angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection. Images formed by plane mirrors are virtual, erect, and laterally inverted. Spherical mirrors can be concave or convex. Concave mirrors form magnified or diminished real/virtual images depending on the position of the object. Convex mirrors always form diminished virtual images. Lenses can be converging or diverging, and form different types of real or virtual images based on the position of the object. White light is made up of the visible light spectrum, which can
This document discusses the reflection of light, including key definitions and concepts. It explains that luminous objects generate their own light, while illuminated objects reflect light. It also defines line of sight as the line from an object to the eyes, along which light travels. The document then discusses the law of reflection, which states that the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection. It provides examples of reflection from plane and curved mirrors, and discusses the formation of real and virtual images.
G10 Science Q2-Week 8- Properties of Mirror.pptRegieBenigno
Plane mirrors form virtual images that are the same distance behind the mirror as the object is in front of it. The magnification of a plane mirror is 1. Spherical mirrors can form either real or virtual images, depending on the position of the object relative to the mirror's center of curvature and focal point. Concave mirrors always form real images, while convex mirrors can form either real or virtual images. Lenses use refraction to form images, and obey the same lens equations as mirrors. Lenses can form either real or virtual images based on the position of the object relative to the focal point. Combinations of lenses treat the image of the first lens as the object for the second lens.
This document discusses geometrical optics and image formation using lenses. It defines key lens terms like focal length and optical center. There are two types of lenses - convex and concave. Convex lenses converge light and can form real or virtual images, while concave lenses diverge light and always form virtual images. Real images are formed when light rays actually intersect after passing through a lens, and virtual images appear to intersect but cannot be projected on a screen. The document explains how to use ray diagrams to graphically determine the location and size of images formed by lenses.
Reflection of the light in the mirror.pptxkriselcello
This document provides an overview of light reflection and spherical mirrors. It begins with definitions of key concepts like reflection, convex mirrors, concave mirrors, and plane mirrors. Examples are given to illustrate the properties of each type of mirror. The key parts of spherical mirrors like the principal axis, focal point, and radius of curvature are summarized. Methods for predicting images using ray diagrams are described. The differences between images formed by concave and convex mirrors are explained. Finally, the mirror equation for calculating image properties is introduced along with sign conventions.
The technology uses reclaimed CO₂ as the dyeing medium in a closed loop process. When pressurized, CO₂ becomes supercritical (SC-CO₂). In this state CO₂ has a very high solvent power, allowing the dye to dissolve easily.
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defectsSérgio Sacani
Assuming spherical symmetry and weak field, it is shown that if one solves the Poisson equation or the Einstein field
equations sourced by a topological defect, i.e. a singularity of a very specific form, the result is a localized gravitational
field capable of driving flat rotation (i.e. Keplerian circular orbits at a constant speed for all radii) of test masses on a thin
spherical shell without any underlying mass. Moreover, a large-scale structure which exploits this solution by assembling
concentrically a number of such topological defects can establish a flat stellar or galactic rotation curve, and can also deflect
light in the same manner as an equipotential (isothermal) sphere. Thus, the need for dark matter or modified gravity theory is
mitigated, at least in part.
hematic appreciation test is a psychological assessment tool used to measure an individual's appreciation and understanding of specific themes or topics. This test helps to evaluate an individual's ability to connect different ideas and concepts within a given theme, as well as their overall comprehension and interpretation skills. The results of the test can provide valuable insights into an individual's cognitive abilities, creativity, and critical thinking skills
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...Leonel Morgado
Current descriptions of immersive learning cases are often difficult or impossible to compare. This is due to a myriad of different options on what details to include, which aspects are relevant, and on the descriptive approaches employed. Also, these aspects often combine very specific details with more general guidelines or indicate intents and rationales without clarifying their implementation. In this paper we provide a method to describe immersive learning cases that is structured to enable comparisons, yet flexible enough to allow researchers and practitioners to decide which aspects to include. This method leverages a taxonomy that classifies educational aspects at three levels (uses, practices, and strategies) and then utilizes two frameworks, the Immersive Learning Brain and the Immersion Cube, to enable a structured description and interpretation of immersive learning cases. The method is then demonstrated on a published immersive learning case on training for wind turbine maintenance using virtual reality. Applying the method results in a structured artifact, the Immersive Learning Case Sheet, that tags the case with its proximal uses, practices, and strategies, and refines the free text case description to ensure that matching details are included. This contribution is thus a case description method in support of future comparative research of immersive learning cases. We then discuss how the resulting description and interpretation can be leveraged to change immersion learning cases, by enriching them (considering low-effort changes or additions) or innovating (exploring more challenging avenues of transformation). The method holds significant promise to support better-grounded research in immersive learning.
Unlocking the mysteries of reproduction: Exploring fecundity and gonadosomati...AbdullaAlAsif1
The pygmy halfbeak Dermogenys colletei, is known for its viviparous nature, this presents an intriguing case of relatively low fecundity, raising questions about potential compensatory reproductive strategies employed by this species. Our study delves into the examination of fecundity and the Gonadosomatic Index (GSI) in the Pygmy Halfbeak, D. colletei (Meisner, 2001), an intriguing viviparous fish indigenous to Sarawak, Borneo. We hypothesize that the Pygmy halfbeak, D. colletei, may exhibit unique reproductive adaptations to offset its low fecundity, thus enhancing its survival and fitness. To address this, we conducted a comprehensive study utilizing 28 mature female specimens of D. colletei, carefully measuring fecundity and GSI to shed light on the reproductive adaptations of this species. Our findings reveal that D. colletei indeed exhibits low fecundity, with a mean of 16.76 ± 2.01, and a mean GSI of 12.83 ± 1.27, providing crucial insights into the reproductive mechanisms at play in this species. These results underscore the existence of unique reproductive strategies in D. colletei, enabling its adaptation and persistence in Borneo's diverse aquatic ecosystems, and call for further ecological research to elucidate these mechanisms. This study lends to a better understanding of viviparous fish in Borneo and contributes to the broader field of aquatic ecology, enhancing our knowledge of species adaptations to unique ecological challenges.
Or: Beyond linear.
Abstract: Equivariant neural networks are neural networks that incorporate symmetries. The nonlinear activation functions in these networks result in interesting nonlinear equivariant maps between simple representations, and motivate the key player of this talk: piecewise linear representation theory.
Disclaimer: No one is perfect, so please mind that there might be mistakes and typos.
dtubbenhauer@gmail.com
Corrected slides: dtubbenhauer.com/talks.html
The ability to recreate computational results with minimal effort and actionable metrics provides a solid foundation for scientific research and software development. When people can replicate an analysis at the touch of a button using open-source software, open data, and methods to assess and compare proposals, it significantly eases verification of results, engagement with a diverse range of contributors, and progress. However, we have yet to fully achieve this; there are still many sociotechnical frictions.
Inspired by David Donoho's vision, this talk aims to revisit the three crucial pillars of frictionless reproducibility (data sharing, code sharing, and competitive challenges) with the perspective of deep software variability.
Our observation is that multiple layers — hardware, operating systems, third-party libraries, software versions, input data, compile-time options, and parameters — are subject to variability that exacerbates frictions but is also essential for achieving robust, generalizable results and fostering innovation. I will first review the literature, providing evidence of how the complex variability interactions across these layers affect qualitative and quantitative software properties, thereby complicating the reproduction and replication of scientific studies in various fields.
I will then present some software engineering and AI techniques that can support the strategic exploration of variability spaces. These include the use of abstractions and models (e.g., feature models), sampling strategies (e.g., uniform, random), cost-effective measurements (e.g., incremental build of software configurations), and dimensionality reduction methods (e.g., transfer learning, feature selection, software debloating).
I will finally argue that deep variability is both the problem and solution of frictionless reproducibility, calling the software science community to develop new methods and tools to manage variability and foster reproducibility in software systems.
Exposé invité Journées Nationales du GDR GPL 2024
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptxPRIYANKA PATEL
With increasing population, people need to rely on packaged food stuffs. Packaging of food materials requires the preservation of food. There are various methods for the treatment of food to preserve them and irradiation treatment of food is one of them. It is the most common and the most harmless method for the food preservation as it does not alter the necessary micronutrients of food materials. Although irradiated food doesn’t cause any harm to the human health but still the quality assessment of food is required to provide consumers with necessary information about the food. ESR spectroscopy is the most sophisticated way to investigate the quality of the food and the free radicals induced during the processing of the food. ESR spin trapping technique is useful for the detection of highly unstable radicals in the food. The antioxidant capability of liquid food and beverages in mainly performed by spin trapping technique.
2. LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
How image forms?
Spherical Mirrors -Types
Ray Diagram of Mirrors –convex mirrors
Properties of Mirrors –convex mirrors
Uses of convex mirrors
3. How image forms?
• Light waves travel from their source in all directions
and in a straight line.
• If a light wave hits an object, it may be reflected, or it
may bounce off the object.
5. • A convex mirror curves outward like the back of a
spoon.
• Convex mirrors cause a beam of light to diverge, or
spread apart as if it came from a focal point behind the
mirror.
Ray Diagram of Mirrors –
convex mirrors
6. Properties of Mirrors –
Convex Mirrors
•All images formed by a
convex mirror are
virtual,
right side up, and
small.
•Convex mirrors are
useful because they
make small images of
large areas.
7. A virtual image is an image that appears to come
from a place that the light does not actually come from.
8. Many cars, buses, and trucks use convex side mirrors
so the driver can see more of the surrounding area.
9. Convex mirrors are used in rear-view mirrors in vehicles
as the images formed by convex erect, virtual, full size
diminished image of distant objects with a wider field of
view.
Where as in plane mirrors, the image formed is not
diminished and it won’t gives us a wider view
Concave mirrors forms inverted images, hence not suitable
for using in vehicles(Why?)