Continuous Horizontal Centrifuge
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The document discusses continuous horizontal centrifuges. It defines centrifugation as using centrifugal force to separate constituents in a dispersion. Continuous horizontal centrifuges separate solids and liquids in a slurry without barriers. They consist of a cylindrical or conical bowl that rotates, containing a screw conveyor. As the bowl and screw rotate, centrifugal force causes solids to sediment while liquid is drained off, and the screw conveys solids to the outlet. Continuous centrifuges can handle a wide range of slurry compositions and particle sizes flexibly and continuously.
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Drying is defined as removal of the liquid from a material by application of heat & is accomplished by transfer of a liquid from the surface into an unsaturated vapor phase .
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Sieve Shaker Principle , Construction , Working , Uses & Merits - Demerits
Similar to Continuous Horizontal Centrifuge
Objectives, principle & applications of CENTRIFUGATION
Centrifugation is another important technique for separating components in a mixture, and it differs from filtration in some key ways. Here's a breakdown:
Centrifugation:
Principle: Utilizes centrifugal force, generated by spinning a sample at high speeds, to separate components based on their size, shape, density, and viscosity of the surrounding medium.
Process: Samples are placed in tubes and spun within a centrifuge rotor. Denser components migrate outwards, forming a pellet at the bottom, while lighter components remain closer to the center as supernatant.
Applications: Widely used in biology, chemistry, medicine, biotechnology, and other fields for separating blood cells, organelles, proteins, DNA, and more.
Types: Various types exist, like fixed-angle, swinging-bucket, gradient centrifugation, each with specific functionalities and applications.
actors influencing the process:
Centrifuge speed: Higher speeds generate greater centrifugal force, enabling separation of smaller and less dense particles.
Time: Longer centrifugation times allow for more complete separation, but may not be necessary for all mixtures.
Temperature: Certain separations require specific temperature control to maintain sample integrity or optimize separation efficiency.
Sample properties: Size, shape, and density of the components in the mixture significantly impact their separation behavior.
Rotor type: Different rotors have specific capacities, speeds, and applications. Choosing the right rotor is crucial for optimal results.
Centrifugal Filtration.pptx
Centrifugal Filtration.pptxDepartment of Pharmaceutical Science and Natural Products, central University of Punjab
This document discusses pharmaceutical centrifugation processes. It begins by defining centrifugation and centrifugal force. Centrifugation separates mixtures using high rotational speeds that generate centrifugal forces stronger than gravity. It is useful for separating highly viscous liquids or colloidal dispersions that cannot be easily filtered. The document then covers the theory, process, equipment, and classification of centrifuges. It describes two common types - perforated basket centrifuges and semi-continuous centrifuges - and explains their construction, working principles, advantages, and disadvantages.Centrifugation.pptx
Centrifugation is a Unit operation employed for separating the constituents present in a dispersion with the aid of centrifugal force
Centrifuge is device for separating particles from a solution according to their size, shape, density, viscosity of the medium
Centrifugal force provides the driving force for the separation
It replaces gravitational forces operating during the sedimentation
The equipment used for the separation are known as centrifuges
A. on an industrial scale,
(1) Filtration centrifuge
Those using perforated baskets, which perform a filtration-type operation (work like a spin-dryer)
(2) Sedimentation centrifuge
Those with a solid walled vessel, where particles sediment towards the wall under the influence of the centrifugal
B. Classification (Based on scale of usage)
(1) Laboratory scale
Horizontal spinning type
Angle centrifuge 945 to 50 angels)
High speed centrifuge (10,000 rpm)
Ultra centrifuge (85,000 rpm)
CENTRIFUGATION.pptx
This document provides information on centrifugation techniques. It discusses:
- Centrifugation uses centrifugal force to separate heterogeneous mixtures using a centrifuge. It can be used for rapid separation of solids from liquids or separation of immiscible liquids.
- There are different types of centrifuges including perforated basket centrifuges (batch, semi-continuous, continuous) and non-perforated basket centrifuges.
- Centrifugation has various applications including production of bulk drugs, biological products, evaluation of suspensions and emulsions, and molecular weight determination. It is a useful separation technique when ordinary filtration is difficult.
Centrifugation
Centrifugation is a technique used for the separation of particles from a solution according to their size, shape, density, viscosity of the medium and rotor speed. The particles are suspended in a liquid medium and placed in a centrifuge tube. The tube is then placed in a rotor and spun at a define speed.
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official standards of powders, sieves,
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-Sieve shaker,
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-Elutriation tank.
CENTRIFUGATION.ppt
Centrifugation is a technique used to separate substances of different densities. It involves applying centrifugal force using a centrifuge, which spins samples at high speeds. This causes denser particles to sediment to the bottom of tubes while less dense particles rise to the top, allowing for separation. Centrifugation is used in processes like separating cream from milk, separating blood components, and purifying proteins and cells. It works on the principle that density differences between particles or molecules can be exploited to separate mixtures.
Centrifugation
Centrifugation uses centrifugal force to separate substances of different densities. There are several types of centrifuges that operate using different principles:
1. Perforated basket centrifuges separate solids from liquids through a perforated wall. Solids are retained in the basket while liquids pass through.
2. Non-perforated basket centrifuges separate solids from liquids based on density differences, without a porous barrier. Solids deposit on the side of the basket and liquids are removed via a skimming tube.
3. Semi-continuous centrifuges introduce slurry continuously through a feed pipe into a horizontally-mounted, perforated basket. Solids remain in the basket while liquids pass through, and layers
Centrifugation Presentation.pptx
A centrifuge operates by using the sedimentation principle- Here the substances are separated based on their density under the influence of gravitational force. When spun rapidly, lighter particles stay at the top and heavier particles go to the bottom during centrifugation.The components of heterogeneous mixtures are detached by centrifugation. That comprises liquids in liquids, solids in fluids, and gases in solids and liquids. In order to transfer bulky sections to the outside of the pipe, centrifugation uses centrifugal energy. It allows the solid to settle more easily and completely.The components of heterogeneous mixtures are detached by centrifugation. That comprises liquids in liquids, solids in fluids, and gases in solids and liquids. In order to transfer bulky sections to the outside of the pipe, centrifugation uses centrifugal energy. It allows the solid to settle more easily and completely.
What is the centrifuge used for?
Centrifuges work by separating out two materials with different densities. Centrifuges are used in various laboratories to separate fluids, gases or liquids based on density like the separation of different constituents of blood, immiscible liquids, wastewater sludge etc.
Pharmaceutical technology Lec_4 (2).size sep
The document discusses size separation techniques used in pharmaceutical manufacturing. It begins by defining size separation as a unit operation that separates particle mixtures into portions based on differences in size using screening surfaces. Common methods of size separation mentioned include sieving, fluid classification, and centrifugal separation. Sieving methods like agitation, brushing, and centrifugal techniques are described in detail. Wet sieving is also discussed as a more efficient alternative to dry sieving. The advantages and disadvantages of sieving and cyclone separators are provided. Finally, the principle of elutriation separation is briefly introduced.
Centrifugation
Centrifugation is a separation technique that uses centrifugal force to separate mixtures based on density differences. It works by spinning samples at high speeds, causing denser components to sediment faster and separate out from less dense components. The basic components of a centrifuge are an electric motor to spin the samples and a rotor to hold the sample containers. There are different types of rotors and centrifugation techniques that separate samples based on factors like density, size, or sedimentation rate. Proper use and maintenance of centrifuges and rotors is important for safety and instrument lifespan.
Centrifugation
Centrifugation is a process that uses centrifugal force to separate mixtures of particles based on density. It works by spinning a sample rapidly, causing denser particles to migrate outward while less dense particles move inward. There are various types of centrifuges and rotors that can be used for different applications like separating blood components, purifying proteins, or clarifying wine. Common techniques include differential centrifugation to separate cell components, density gradient centrifugation to separate mixtures based on buoyant density, and ultracentrifugation for high-speed separations. Centrifugation is widely used in industries like water treatment and laboratories for analytical purposes.
Centrifugation
Centrifugation instruments perforated and nonperforated , FILTRATION CETRIFUGE, SEDIMENTATION CENTRIFUGES,
Semi-Continuous Centrifuge /short cycle centrifuge,Semi-Continuous Centrifuge /short cycle centrifuge, Super Centrifuge
Rotary & Centrifugal Filter
The document discusses different types of filtration processes. It describes rotary vacuum filtration, which uses a rotating drum with a porous filter medium to separate solids from liquids. The slurry is fed into the drum as it rotates, and vacuum applied to form a filter cake. The cake is then washed and partially dried before being removed. Centrifugal filtration is also discussed, which uses high rotational speeds to separate mixtures into constituents using centrifugal force. Advantages include compact size and ability to handle high solids content, while disadvantages include being a batch process requiring more labor.
sizeseparation-180221085855 (1).pdf
The document discusses various methods for size separation of powders, as outlined in the Indian Pharmacopoeia. It describes 5 grades of powder sizes defined by the IP based on their ability to pass through various mesh sieves. Common separation techniques include sieving, cyclone separation, air separation, and elutriation. Sieving involves using a set of sieves arranged from largest to smallest mesh size to separate powder fractions. Cyclone and air separation use centrifugal forces to separate solids from gases. Elutriation separates powders based on particle density differences in a moving fluid.
Ppt of centrifugation
Centrifugation is a process that uses centrifugal force to separate mixtures based on density differences. It works by spinning samples at high speeds, causing denser particles to sediment out of solution. There are two main types - preparative centrifugation which separates large amounts of samples, and analytical centrifugation which analyzes small amounts. Centrifugation has many applications including isolating suspensions, isotope separation, and separating cellular components.
CENTRIFUGATION.pptx
Centrifugation uses centrifugal force to separate components of a mixture based on density. During centrifugation, denser components move outward toward the centrifuge wall and less dense components move inward toward the rotor center. A centrifuge machine generates centrifugal force by rapidly spinning samples in tubes or bottles. Common types of centrifugation include density gradient centrifugation, differential centrifugation, and ultracentrifugation, which separate molecules and particles based on differences in size, density, and sedimentation rate. Factors like density, temperature, rotation speed, and centrifugal force determine how effectively centrifugation separates components.
Centrifugation-1 (1)
The document discusses centrifugation, including its definition, principles, classifications, construction, advantages/disadvantages, and applications. Centrifugation uses centrifugal force to separate mixtures based on density differences. It can separate components in industry, water treatment, and pharmaceutical/biological analysis. Centrifuges are classified by speed, temperature, and use. Common techniques include density gradient, differential, and ultra centrifugation. Industrial and laboratory centrifuges have various uses such as wastewater treatment and isolating cell components.
Centrifugation 1 (1)
Centrifugation is a process that uses centrifugal force to separate particles in suspension. It works by spinning the suspension at high speeds, causing heavier particles to settle out of the liquid based on density and size differences. There are various types of centrifugation including differential, density gradient, and ultra centrifugation. Centrifuges are widely used in industries like pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, and wastewater treatment to separate mixtures and purify products. They provide advantages of a clean separation but also have high energy costs.
size seperation
This document discusses various methods for size separation of powders, including sieving, cyclone separation, air separation, and elutriation. It provides details on the standards for different powder sizes according to the Indian Pharmacopoeia and describes the construction and working of common separation devices like sieves, cyclones, and air separators. The key methods covered are sieving, where powders are separated based on particle size by passing through a set of sieves, and elutriation, where separation occurs as particles of different densities settle at different rates in a moving fluid.
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Objectives, principle & applications of CENTRIFUGATION
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Continuous Horizontal Centrifuge
- 1. Assignment on Continuous Horizontal Centrifuge Presented By Md. Masum Billah ID. Bhp-160101282 Department of Pharmacy Northern University Bangladesh
- 3. Definition Centrifugation is a unit operation employed for separation the constituents present in a dispersion with the aid of centrifugal force. Centrifugal force is used to provide the driving force for the separation. It replaces gravitation forces in the sedimentation. Centrifugation is particularly useful when separation by ordinary filtration is difficult, for example, separating highly viscous mixtures mixture and colloidal dispersions (particles size less then 5 mm)
- 4. Classification of Centrifuges oSedimentation centrifuge oFiltration centrifuge o Perforated basket centrifuge oNon perforated basket centrifuge oSemi-continuous centrifuge oContinuous horizontal centrifuge
- 5. Continuous horizontal centrifuges cont. Figure. Construction of the Continuous horizontal centrifuge
- 6. Continuous horizontal centrifuge cont. Principle: This is a sedimentation centrifuge. The separation is based on the difference in the densities of solid and liquid phases without borders barrier. When the slurry is introduced through the shaft of the screw element into a conical bowl, sedimentation of solids takes place due to centrifugal action. The solids are lifted up by the screw element, while the liquid phase is continuously drained.
- 7. Continuous horizontal centrifuge cont. Construction: The construction of a horizontal continuous centrifuge is shown in Figure. It consists of a cylindrical or conical bowl mounted horizontally and capable of rotating at 50 to 65 revolutions per second. The bowl has a diameter of about 0.5 metres. Within the bowl, a screw. conveyor is placed which rotates in the same direction as the bowl, but at a slightly slower speed.
- 8. Continuous horizontal centrifuge cont. Working: The bowl and the screw conveyor are allowed to rotate using suitable power supply. The slurry is introduced through the shaft. The liquid moves into the wider portion of the bowl. Sedimentation of solids takes place due to centrifugal action. The solids are listed by the screw element, while the liquid phase is continuously drained. The solid material is carried towards outlet by the conveyor and is discharged continuously. The solids are conveyed to a dry 'beach' where they get dried.
- 9. Continuous horizontal centrifuge cont. Uses: Horizontal continuous centrifuge is used when a high proportion of solids is present in the slurry, Advantages: 1. Continuous centrifuge is very flexible in operation. 2. It is capable of handling solids as large as 10 to 15 millimeters or as small as a few microns. 3. It can be used for slurries with concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 50%. Variants
- 10. Continuous horizontal centrifuge cont. Disadvantage 1. The machine can be very noisy can cause vibration 2. The device has a high energy consumption