The document discusses centrifugation, outlining its objectives, principles, applications, and types of centrifuges including perforated and non-perforated basket centrifuges, semi-continuous centrifuges, and super centrifuges. It details the construction and working of each type, along with their advantages and disadvantages, highlighting their use in industries like bulk drug production and biological product evaluation. Overall, centrifugation is described as an essential technique for phase separation based on particle characteristics.

1. CENTRIFUGATION
By
Yogeshwary Bhongade
Assistant Professor
Gondia college of Pharmacy, Gondia

2. CONTENT
• Objectives, principle & applications of Centrifugation,
• principles, construction, working, uses, merits and demerits of –
Perforated basket centrifuge,
Non-perforated basket centrifuge,
Semi continuous centrifuge &
Super centrifuge.

3. Introduction
• It is the process in which centrifugal force is used as driving force for
the phase separation.
• Centrifugation is a technique used for the separation of particles from
a solution according to their size, shape, density, viscosity of the
medium and rotor speed.
• The particles are suspended in a liquid medium and placed in a
centrifuge tube. The tube is then placed in a rotor and spun at a define
speed.

4. Applications
• Widely used in bulk drug industry to separate crystaline material for
separation
• Production of biological product
• Evaluation of suspention and emultion
• Determination of molecular weight of colloids

5. Equipment for centrifugation
1. Filtration centrifuge
- Perforated Basket Centrifuge
- Semicontinuous Centrifuge
2. Sedimentation Centrifuge
- Non-Perforated Basket Centrifuge
- Supper centrifuge

6. Perforated Basket Centrifuge
Principle
• A basket is rotated at high speed.
• Feed is incarporated at the centre and suspention is carried out by
perforated wall.
Construction
• It consist of verical perforated drum.
• The drum is fitted with filter cloth.
• This assembly is fitted with casing

8. Working
• The slurry is fed at centre
• Liquid force out throufg the filter cloth is collected in gap between the
drum and casing and drained out.
• The particle are collected on the filter cloth and can be simply wiped
out.

9. Semicontinuous Centrifuge
Principle
• Based on filtration centrifuge
• Separation is through perforated wallbse on difference in densities of solid
and liquid phase.
Construction
• Vertical perforate basket is mounted on horizontal shaft
• Fees and wash pipe are introduced through the open side of the perforated
basket.
• Wash pipe is connected theough the diphragm valve throufg air supply.
• Hydraulic cylinder attachment is made in such a matte that discharge chute
enters from the side of basket.

11. Working
• Perforated basket rotate while the slurry is introduced from the side pipe
• The slurry passes through the perforated wall during centrifugation.
• The solid are retain in the basket while the iltrate is allowed to leave in the
basket.
• Further cake is washed with water and the wash is allowed to leave the basket
throufh the filtrate outlet.
• once the desired thickness is achived the feeler cuts of the air supply to
diphragm valve that automatically shuts off the entry of slurry.
• The hydraulic cylinder is attached which lift the knifealong with the discharge
chute.
• The crystals are scraped off and collected from the solid outlet.

12. Advantages
• Solid can direclty drain out from bowl.
• Fast process

13. Disadvantages
• Complex construction

14. Non-Perforated Basket Centrifuge
Construction
• Consist of plane vertical drum which rotate at desired speed.
• Skimmers or weirs are provided to remove the liquid.

16. Working
• Solid get deposited on the wall, followed by heavier liquid and the
lighter liquid.
• The liquid is removed by weirs and solids are removed bu the end by
scrapper.

17. Super centrifuge
Principle
• based on sedimentation sentrifuge
• Separation is based on difference in densities of two immiscible liquids
without a porous barrier.
Construction
• It consist of hallow cylinder bowl of small diameter.
• The bowl is suspended from a flexible spindle at the top and guided at the
bottom by loose fit bushing.
• It is rotated on its longitudinal axis.
• Provision is made at bottom for the feed inlet using pressure system

18. • Two liquid outlet are provided at
different height at top of the
bowlfor simultaeous recovery of
separated liquids

19. Working
• Bowl is allowed to ratate at high speed upto 2000RPM
• Feed is introduced from the bottom
• During Centrifugation two liquid gets separated based on difference in
densities.
• The heavier liquids are thrown against the wall of bowel and lighter
remains in the middle.
• Both liquid rise to top due to the conical shape of the bowl and exert
pressure.
• The liquids are separated simultaneously and are collected from different
outlet.

20. Advantages
• Contineuous process
• Separate two immisible liquids
• Rapid process
Disadvantages
• Hifg energy consuption
• Expensive
• High cost of maintainace

21. THANK YOU