This document discusses continuing nursing education. It defines continuing education as learning that occurs after completion of formal schooling. The aims of continuing education include improving professional practice and keeping nurses up to date with new technologies. Continuing education is important for ensuring safe patient care, career advancement, and adapting to changes in healthcare delivery. Nurses can engage in continuing education through activities like seminars, workshops, journals, and online courses. National policies in India support continuing education to enhance nursing knowledge and provide lifelong learning opportunities.
Various committees, commissions on health and family welfare.
as Mudaliar Committee, Bhore Committee, Shrivastav Committee, Bajaj Committee, Kartar Singh Committee, Jungalwala Committee, Mukherjee Committee,Chadha Committee,
Unit:-2. Health and welfare committeesSMVDCoN ,J&K
Various committees of experts have been appointed by the government from time to time to render advice about different health problems. The reports of these committees have formed an important basis of health planning in India. The goal of National Health Planning in India is to attain Health for all by the year 2000.
a brief descriptions and information regarding major health problemsin India.This content will help to the B.sc Nursing 4 th year students as per syllabus in community health nursing
Various committees, commissions on health and family welfare.
as Mudaliar Committee, Bhore Committee, Shrivastav Committee, Bajaj Committee, Kartar Singh Committee, Jungalwala Committee, Mukherjee Committee,Chadha Committee,
Unit:-2. Health and welfare committeesSMVDCoN ,J&K
Various committees of experts have been appointed by the government from time to time to render advice about different health problems. The reports of these committees have formed an important basis of health planning in India. The goal of National Health Planning in India is to attain Health for all by the year 2000.
a brief descriptions and information regarding major health problemsin India.This content will help to the B.sc Nursing 4 th year students as per syllabus in community health nursing
Continuing education & career opportunitiesKULDEEP VYAS
The process of learning that does not stop at any particular stage is known as continuing education. It includes all learning opportunities which would be taken up after full-time education has stopped. It is the continuation of the process of learning or studying which might have been stopped because of some economic personal ar professional compulsion of an individual.
Continuing education & career opportunitiesKULDEEP VYAS
The process of learning that does not stop at any particular stage is known as continuing education. It includes all learning opportunities which would be taken up after full-time education has stopped. It is the continuation of the process of learning or studying which might have been stopped because of some economic personal ar professional compulsion of an individual.
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a comprehensive and authoritative resource for the structural and evolutionary relationships of proteins. It provides a detailed and curated classification of protein structures, grouping them into families, superfamilies, and folds based on their structural and sequence similarities.
The increased availability of biomedical data, particularly in the public domain, offers the opportunity to better understand human health and to develop effective therapeutics for a wide range of unmet medical needs. However, data scientists remain stymied by the fact that data remain hard to find and to productively reuse because data and their metadata i) are wholly inaccessible, ii) are in non-standard or incompatible representations, iii) do not conform to community standards, and iv) have unclear or highly restricted terms and conditions that preclude legitimate reuse. These limitations require a rethink on data can be made machine and AI-ready - the key motivation behind the FAIR Guiding Principles. Concurrently, while recent efforts have explored the use of deep learning to fuse disparate data into predictive models for a wide range of biomedical applications, these models often fail even when the correct answer is already known, and fail to explain individual predictions in terms that data scientists can appreciate. These limitations suggest that new methods to produce practical artificial intelligence are still needed.
In this talk, I will discuss our work in (1) building an integrative knowledge infrastructure to prepare FAIR and "AI-ready" data and services along with (2) neurosymbolic AI methods to improve the quality of predictions and to generate plausible explanations. Attention is given to standards, platforms, and methods to wrangle knowledge into simple, but effective semantic and latent representations, and to make these available into standards-compliant and discoverable interfaces that can be used in model building, validation, and explanation. Our work, and those of others in the field, creates a baseline for building trustworthy and easy to deploy AI models in biomedicine.
Bio
Dr. Michel Dumontier is the Distinguished Professor of Data Science at Maastricht University, founder and executive director of the Institute of Data Science, and co-founder of the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable) data principles. His research explores socio-technological approaches for responsible discovery science, which includes collaborative multi-modal knowledge graphs, privacy-preserving distributed data mining, and AI methods for drug discovery and personalized medicine. His work is supported through the Dutch National Research Agenda, the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research, Horizon Europe, the European Open Science Cloud, the US National Institutes of Health, and a Marie-Curie Innovative Training Network. He is the editor-in-chief for the journal Data Science and is internationally recognized for his contributions in bioinformatics, biomedical informatics, and semantic technologies including ontologies and linked data.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
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(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...
Continuing Education.pptx
1.
2. Sub- Management of Nursing
Services & Education
Unit -8 Professional advancement
Topic- Continuing Nursing Education
3. CONTINUING EDUCATION
INTRODUCTION
Continuing education is the process of learning that
does not stop at any particular stage is known as
continuing education. It include all learning
opportunities which would be taken up after full
time education has stopped.
4. DEFINITION OF CONTINUING EDUCATION
“ According to medical dictionary”
continuing education is any extension of opportunities
for reading , study and training to young persons and
adults following their completion of or withdrawal
from full time school and college.
OR
“ According to Cooper”
continuing education is all the learning activities
that occur after an individual has completed his basic
education.
5. AIMS OF CONTUNING EDUCATION
1. Improvement of professional practice.
2. To motivate the staff to seek the latest knowledge.
3. To keep the nurses with the nurses latest
development of technologies.
4. Evaluate the effectiveness of the approved units
activities.
5. The association can contribute to the provision of
quality of nursing care by facilitating professional
growth.
6. NEED OF CONTINUING EDUCATION
To ensure safe and effective nursing care.
Changing health care delivery system.
For career development.
Development of nurses by updating their knowledge.
Professionals are altered as society changes and as
technologies emerge.
To acquire specialised skill for professionals
7. TYPES OF CONTINUING EDUCATION
There are following types of continuing education:-
1. Professionals journals
2. Seminars
3. Workshops
4. Online courses
5. HIV/AIDS training
6. Domestic violence training
8. IMPORTANC OF CONTINUING EDUCATION IN
NURSING
Nurses enter the field armed with the knowledge,
they need to excel at their jobs . Continuing
education prepares nurses for these changes .
Continuing education is also necessary for nurses ,
who want to work as an advanced or specialized
nurse.
9. IMPORTANC OF CONTINUING EDUCATION IN
NURSING
Consequences of
not continuing
education
Changing
technology
Career
advancement
Special
situations
State nursing
requirement
10. Planning is the key stone for the administrative process
without adequate planning , continuing education
offerings are fragmented haphazardly constructed
and often unrelated . A successful continuing
education program is the result of careful and
detailed planning.
12. PRINCIPLES OF CONTINUING EDUCATION
1. Treating basic literacy , post literacy and as one
sustained coherent learning process.
2. Establish a responsive and alternative structure for
life long learning.
3. Responding to the needs of all sections of society.
4. Learning not to be seen as a function of alphabets ,
but as all modes of human capacity building.
5. Addressing the socioeconomic situations of the
community to provide infrastructure for larger
development initiatives.
13. PHILOSOPHY OF CONTINUING
EDUCATION
1. Nurses philosophy of life ,nurse and education belief
etc. Will influence the philosophy of continuing
nursing education.
2 . It focuses on individual learner.
3. The thoughtful teacher recognizes that ones
philosophy of education is always an emerging one ,
rather than a static one.
4 . Learning must be a continuous process through out
the lifespan, not limited to formal courses of study.
14. 5. Nursing is based on knowledge of the physical and
psychological functioning of man within his
environment, expanding the knowledge related to
man and his dynamic proliferating field of operation
is concern.
15. • Knowledge and skills
• Attitudinal change
IMPROVED
• Better performance
• Quality patient care
• Increased job satisfaction
• High motivation
INSTITUTION
PERSONAL
16. FUNCTION OF CONTINUING
EDUCATION
1. To meet the health needs and public
expectations.
2. To develop the practicing abilities of the
nurse.
3. To recognizes gaps in knowledge.
4. To test the abilities of participants to do
perform academic study.
5. To ensure the quality of education.
17. Continue...
6. To maintain academic standards.
7. To meet the individual requirements.
8. To shape or support university educational policies
and practices.
18. NATIONAL POLICY ON CONTINUING
EDUCATION
The National policy on education is a policy
formulated by the government of India to promote
education amongst India’s people.
The policy covers elementary education to colleges in
both rural and urban India.
The first national policy was promulgated in 1968 by
the government of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi ,
and second by Prime minister Rajiv Gandhi in 1986
19. CONTINUE....
According to the national policy on education (NPE) ,
adult education can be successful implemented
through a process of continuing education .It is
possible to combine and implement the adult
education and continuing education programmes
through various ways, such as setting up continuing
education centres in rural areas.
20. CONTINUE....
1. Education through educating workers and through
their employers trade unions and concerned
agencies of government .
2. Providing post secondary education institutions.
3. Providing radio, televisions(TV) and films as mass
media and group learning activities.
4. Providing books, libraries and reading rooms.
5. Creating learners groups and organizations.
21. CONTINUE....
6. Designing programmes of distance learning.
7.Organizing assistance in self study.
8.Organizing vocational training programmes based on
needs and interests of learners.
22. PROGRAMMES OF ACTION ON
NATIONAL POLICY ON EDUCATION
A nursing programme of action implemented by the
ministry of human resources development.
Government of India , has been completely
formulated. It is considerable that continuing
education in nursing is an important part of the
strategy of human resource development with the
aim of creation of learning in nursing society.
23. Continue...
The continuing education in nursing has the
objective to provide education and the application of
this learning to improve their present living
conditions . However, continuing education goes
beyond post literacy nursing education.
24. CONTINUE....
Nursing book promotion ill be implemented
according to policies that have framed by the action
of NPE. This policy encourages voluntary efforts for
the establishment of nursing libraries and reading
room, TV , radio and films should be used foe serving
the objectives of spreading of the nursing education
and recreation
