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Consumer Decisions:
Psychology for Profit
Chapter 6 & 7
What is Consumer Behavior?
• Processes a consumer uses to make
purchase decisions, as well as use and
dispose of purchased goods or
services; also includes factors that
influences purchase decision and
product use
Consumer Decision Making
Process
Postpurchase
Behavior
Postpurchase
Behavior
PurchasePurchase
Evaluation
of Alternatives
Evaluation
of Alternatives
Information SearchInformation Search
Problem RecognitionProblem Recognition
Cultural, Social,
Individual and
Psychological
Factors
affect
all steps
Cultural, Social,
Individual and
Psychological
Factors
affect
all steps
1: Problem Recognition
• Result of an imbalance b/t actual and
desired states
– What is a need?
– What is a want?
• How to recognize unfilled wants?
2: Information Search
• Internal Search – recalling past
information stored in memory
• External Search – seeking
information in the outside
environment
– Private (non marketing sources)
– Public (non marketing sources)
– Marketing controlled sources
What drives Search?
Perceived Risk
• Performance risk
• Financial risk
• Physical risk
• Social risk
• Time loss risk
Driving Search…
Need MoreNeed More
InformationInformation
More RiskMore Risk
Less knowledgeLess knowledge
Less productLess product
experienceexperience
High level of interestHigh level of interest
Less RiskLess Risk
More knowledgeMore knowledge
More productMore product
experienceexperience
Low level of interestLow level of interest
Need LessNeed Less
InformationInformation
3: Evaluation of Alternatives
• Consideration set
• Analyze product attributes
• Use cut off criteria [pros/cons]
• Multi-attribute models
4: Purchase
• To buy or not to buy…
• Marketing determines which
attributes are most important in
influencing a consumers’ choice
(differentiation…later)
5: Post Purchase Behavior
• Cognitive dissonance:
– Did I make a good decision?
– Did I buy the right one? Get a good value?
• Marketing minimizes through:
– Effective communication
– Follow up
– Guarantees
– Warranties
Types of Buying Decisions
• Complex buying behavior
• Dissonance reducing buying behavior
• Habitual buying behavior
• Variety seeking buying behavior
Factors that Affect
Involvement Levels
SituationSituation
Social VisibilitySocial Visibility
InterestInterest
Perceived Risk of
Negative
Consequences
Perceived Risk of
Negative
Consequences
Previous
Experience
Previous
Experience
Factors
Determining
Level of
Involvement
Factors
Determining
Level of
Involvement
Factors Influencing
Buying Decisions
Social
Factors
Individual
Factors
Psycho-
logical
Factors
Cultural
Factors CONSUMER
DECISION-
MAKING
PROCESS
BUY /
DON’T BUY
Cultural Factors
• Culture: set of values, norms,
attitudes & other meaningful symbols
that shape human behavior and their
artifacts or products of that
behavior as they are transmitted
from generations.
• Subcultures
• Social class [based on $, education
and job]
Social Factors
• Social influences
– Reference groups
• Direct: primary and secondary groups
– Opinion leaders
• Family
Individual Factors
• Gender (behold the power of women)
• Age
• Family Life Cycle
• Personality
• Self concept
• Lifestyle
Psychological Factors
• Perception: process by which people
select, organize and interpret stimuli
into a meaningful picture
– Selective exposure
– Selective distortion
– Selection retention
• Motivation
• Learning
• Values, Beliefs & Attitudes – what can
marketing influence?
Motivation and Maslow
PhysiologicalPhysiological
SafetySafety
SocialSocial
EsteemEsteem
Self-Self-
ActualizationActualization
What do you need to know
about your customers?
• What are five things that someone
should know about me?
• Describe yourself demographically
• List 10 things you are thinking right
now.

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Consumer and business behavior ch. 6&7

  • 1. Consumer Decisions: Psychology for Profit Chapter 6 & 7
  • 2. What is Consumer Behavior? • Processes a consumer uses to make purchase decisions, as well as use and dispose of purchased goods or services; also includes factors that influences purchase decision and product use
  • 3. Consumer Decision Making Process Postpurchase Behavior Postpurchase Behavior PurchasePurchase Evaluation of Alternatives Evaluation of Alternatives Information SearchInformation Search Problem RecognitionProblem Recognition Cultural, Social, Individual and Psychological Factors affect all steps Cultural, Social, Individual and Psychological Factors affect all steps
  • 4. 1: Problem Recognition • Result of an imbalance b/t actual and desired states – What is a need? – What is a want? • How to recognize unfilled wants?
  • 5. 2: Information Search • Internal Search – recalling past information stored in memory • External Search – seeking information in the outside environment – Private (non marketing sources) – Public (non marketing sources) – Marketing controlled sources
  • 6.
  • 7. What drives Search? Perceived Risk • Performance risk • Financial risk • Physical risk • Social risk • Time loss risk
  • 8. Driving Search… Need MoreNeed More InformationInformation More RiskMore Risk Less knowledgeLess knowledge Less productLess product experienceexperience High level of interestHigh level of interest Less RiskLess Risk More knowledgeMore knowledge More productMore product experienceexperience Low level of interestLow level of interest Need LessNeed Less InformationInformation
  • 9. 3: Evaluation of Alternatives • Consideration set • Analyze product attributes • Use cut off criteria [pros/cons] • Multi-attribute models
  • 10. 4: Purchase • To buy or not to buy… • Marketing determines which attributes are most important in influencing a consumers’ choice (differentiation…later)
  • 11. 5: Post Purchase Behavior • Cognitive dissonance: – Did I make a good decision? – Did I buy the right one? Get a good value? • Marketing minimizes through: – Effective communication – Follow up – Guarantees – Warranties
  • 12. Types of Buying Decisions • Complex buying behavior • Dissonance reducing buying behavior • Habitual buying behavior • Variety seeking buying behavior
  • 13. Factors that Affect Involvement Levels SituationSituation Social VisibilitySocial Visibility InterestInterest Perceived Risk of Negative Consequences Perceived Risk of Negative Consequences Previous Experience Previous Experience Factors Determining Level of Involvement Factors Determining Level of Involvement
  • 15. Cultural Factors • Culture: set of values, norms, attitudes & other meaningful symbols that shape human behavior and their artifacts or products of that behavior as they are transmitted from generations. • Subcultures • Social class [based on $, education and job]
  • 16. Social Factors • Social influences – Reference groups • Direct: primary and secondary groups – Opinion leaders • Family
  • 17. Individual Factors • Gender (behold the power of women) • Age • Family Life Cycle • Personality • Self concept • Lifestyle
  • 18. Psychological Factors • Perception: process by which people select, organize and interpret stimuli into a meaningful picture – Selective exposure – Selective distortion – Selection retention • Motivation • Learning • Values, Beliefs & Attitudes – what can marketing influence?
  • 20. What do you need to know about your customers? • What are five things that someone should know about me? • Describe yourself demographically • List 10 things you are thinking right now.