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Constellations-EV etc.
This document discusses various celestial objects and concepts related to observing the night sky, including: - The celestial sphere, an imaginary sphere surrounding Earth on which stars and other celestial objects appear to be located. Important circles on the celestial sphere include the celestial equator and the ecliptic. - Constellations, patterns of stars grouped together, of which there are 88 officially recognized. Asterisms are smaller distinctive star groups within constellations. - The zodiac, a band of 13 constellations along the ecliptic through which the sun passes each year. - How the night sky appearance changes based on one's latitude on Earth. Tools for observing and measuring positions of celestial objects
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Constellations-EV etc.
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- 3. Celestial Sphere - animaginary hollow sphere around the Earth, which all objects are either attached to or move across - has a specific shape but no specific size.
- 4. Celestial Equator - acircle on the celestial sphere concentric with Earth’s equator - projection of Earth’s equator onto the celestial sphere.
- 5. Ecliptic - a circularpath across the celestial sphere along which the Sun moves during the year. - path that the Sun appears to follow across the sky when viewed from Earth
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- 8. Constellation - part ofthe sky containing a figure. - group of stars that appear to form a pattern in the sky. - 88 recognized by International Astronomy Union
- 9. Asterisms - small distinctive groupsof stars within the constellations. - often used as a guide to other stars.
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- 11. A. Zodiac •band of13 constellation along the ecliptic.
- 12. 12 zodiac signs,13 zodiac constellation
- 14. Constellation of thezodiac - Sun passes through each one on dates very different from traditional astrological dates, partly due to precession ( Earth’s wobble)
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- 19. Solar analemma - agraph or plot that shows the position of the Sun in the sky at a single location and at the same time of the day throughout a year.
- 21. Naming Sky Objects •Bayer System - 1603 by German astronomer Johann Bayer - distinguish up to 24 stars in each constellation, labelling them with Greek letters in roughly decreasing order of brightness.
- 22. Naming Sky Objects •Flamsteed System - 1712 by English astronomer John Flamsteed. - numbering stars in order of their right ascension – from west to east across each constellation.
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- 25. Tools & Techniques •Latitude & Longitude - Observers at the same latitude but on opposite sides of the world see the same sky - changing your latitude by moving north to south, new constellations appear & entire night sky becomes inverted
- 26. Angles in theSky • Azimuth - the direction of a celestial object from the observer, expressed as the angular distance from the north or south point of the horizon to the point at which a vertical circle passing through the object intersects the horizon. • Zenith - the point on the celestial sphere vertically above a given position or observer.
- 27. Angles in theSky - position of an object in the sky is often expressed – altitude & azimuth Measuring Altitude To determine an object’s altitude, stretch one arm above your head to make a 90° angle with the horizon. Then point your other arm at the object & judge its angle above the horizon.
- 28. Measuring azimuth To determinean object’s azimuth, extend one arm in the direction of due north and swing the other arm round to point at the object. East is 90° to the right; northeast is 45°. Angles in the Sky
- 29. Sizing things up -smaller sizes can be measured using your hands, a method that helps you relate a map of a constellation to the real stars in the sky.
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- 31. Star-hopping - Many constellationscontain stars that act as pointers to other parts of the night sky.
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Editor's Notes
- #9 Ptolemy – created a definitive list in the 2nd century 1922 – IAU created a system w/c consist the 88 areas
- #28 Azimuth - the direction of a celestial object from the observer, expressed as the angular distance from the north or south point of the horizon to the point at which a vertical circle passing through the object intersects the horizon. Zenith - the point on the celestial sphere vertically above a given position or observer.