Conservatism
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Slideshow prepared for a series of lectures on Conservatism for PS 240 Intro to Political Theory at the University of Kentucky, Fall 2007. Dr. Christopher S. Rice, Lecturer.
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Conservatism
Conservatism is difficult to define because conservatives value tradition over rigid ideology and focus more on opposing change than proposing solutions. Key conservative beliefs include respecting traditions that have stood the test of time, acknowledging human fallibility, favoring social order over individual liberty, and seeing society as a complex organic system not easily improved by human design. Conservative thought encompasses traditional support for hierarchy, authority, and private property as well as more libertarian support for free markets. Modern variants like neoconservatism emphasize restoring social discipline and traditional values.
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conservatism traditional and new right
Traditional conservatism believes in an organic view of society with natural social hierarchies. It values private property, tradition, and authority. Tory paternalism accepts welfarism based on noblesse oblige.
New Right conservatism has two strands: neo-liberalism focuses on free markets and individualism, while neo-conservatism adds authoritarian social policies. There is a paradox between neo-liberal economic freedom and neo-conservative social control.
Traditional conservatism differs from both New Right strands by emphasizing pragmatism over principles and a static class hierarchy over meritocracy. Neo-conservatism shares traditionalism's organic views and distrust of human
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3. Key figures and ideologies discussed include utopian socialists in the 19th century, Marxism, and the development of parliamentary socialism and social democracy in the 20th century which sought reform through moderate redistribution rather than revolution.
Conservatism
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Classical liberalism focused on negative freedom and minimal government intervention, believing individuals should be free from interference. It viewed people as rational and self-interested, and advocated for laissez-faire economics and free markets. Modern liberalism shifted to positive freedom, seeing a role for government in providing services to help people achieve their potential and overcome barriers to opportunity. It supported a mixed economy and state intervention to guarantee certain freedoms and promote equality. Both aimed to maximize individual liberty but differed on the state's role in helping or limiting individuals.
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Conservatism
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conservatism traditional and new right
Traditional conservatism believes in an organic view of society with natural social hierarchies. It values private property, tradition, and authority. Tory paternalism accepts welfarism based on noblesse oblige.
New Right conservatism has two strands: neo-liberalism focuses on free markets and individualism, while neo-conservatism adds authoritarian social policies. There is a paradox between neo-liberal economic freedom and neo-conservative social control.
Traditional conservatism differs from both New Right strands by emphasizing pragmatism over principles and a static class hierarchy over meritocracy. Neo-conservatism shares traditionalism's organic views and distrust of human
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1. Socialism is based on an optimistic view of human nature and a belief that humans operate best cooperatively in social groups through collectivism and egalitarianism.
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3. Key figures and ideologies discussed include utopian socialists in the 19th century, Marxism, and the development of parliamentary socialism and social democracy in the 20th century which sought reform through moderate redistribution rather than revolution.
Conservatism
PowerPoint developed for a series of lectures on Conservatism and delivered to PS 240 Introduction to Political Theory, Spring 2007 at the University of Kentucky by Dr. Christopher S. Rice, Instructor.
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This document summarizes the rise of conservatism, liberalism, and nationalism in Europe during the 19th century. It discusses how conservatism opposed the liberal and nationalist uprisings inspired by the French Revolution, seeking to preserve the status quo through a balance of power. Liberalism emerged advocating individual freedoms and rights. Nationalism grew as peoples sought self-governance based on shared identities. The revolutions of 1848 briefly spread liberal and nationalist ideals before being crushed by conservative forces, though changes were still underway in places like France under Napoleon III and in the unifications of Italy and Germany.
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Classical liberalism focused on negative freedom and minimal government intervention, believing individuals should be free from interference. It viewed people as rational and self-interested, and advocated for laissez-faire economics and free markets. Modern liberalism shifted to positive freedom, seeing a role for government in providing services to help people achieve their potential and overcome barriers to opportunity. It supported a mixed economy and state intervention to guarantee certain freedoms and promote equality. Both aimed to maximize individual liberty but differed on the state's role in helping or limiting individuals.
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Michael Oakeshott was a 20th century British philosopher who made important contributions to conservative political thought. He criticized rationalism in politics and argued that political institutions evolve organically based on tradition and experience rather than abstract rational principles. Oakeshott believed politics should focus on practical knowledge rather than technical rules, and that the role of the state is to govern pragmatically and maintain stability rather than pursue ideological goals. He advocated for a minimalist state and pluralistic political order based on civil associations respecting tradition over rational designs for society.
The Biological Basis of MoralityDo we invent our moral absolutes.docx
The Biological Basis of Morality
Do we invent our moral absolutes in order to make society workable? Or are these enduring principles expressed to us by some transcendent or Godlike authority? Efforts to resolve this conundrum have perplexed, sometimes inflamed, our best minds for centuries, but the natural sciences are telling us more and more about the choices we make and our reasons for making them
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· EDWARD O. WILSON
· APRIL 1998 ISSUE
CENTURIES of debate on the origin of ethics come down to this: Either ethical principles, such as justice and human rights, are independent of human experience, or they are human inventions. The distinction is more than an exercise for academic philosophers. The choice between these two understandings makes all the difference in the way we view ourselves as a species. It measures the authority of religion, and it determines the conduct of moral reasoning.
The two assumptions in competition are like islands in a sea of chaos, as different as life and death, matter and the void. One cannot learn which is correct by pure logic; the answer will eventually be reached through an accumulation of objective evidence. Moral reasoning, I believe, is at every level intrinsically consilient with -- compatible with, intertwined with -- the natural sciences. (I use a form of the word "consilience" -- literally a "jumping together" of knowledge as a result of the linking of facts and fact-based theory across disciplines to create a common groundwork of explanation -- because its rarity has preserved its precision.)
Every thoughtful person has an opinion on which premise is correct. But the split is not, as popularly supposed, between religious believers and secularists. It is between transcendentalists, who think that moral guidelines exist outside the human mind, and empiricists, who think them contrivances of the mind. In simplest terms, the options are as follows: I believe in the independence of moral values, whether from God or not, and I believe that moral values come from human beings alone, whether or not God exists.
Theologians and philosophers have almost always focused on transcendentalism as the means to validate ethics. They seek the grail of natural law, which comprises freestanding principles of moral conduct immune to doubt and compromise. Christian theologians, following Saint Thomas Aquinas's reasoning in Summa Theologiae, by and large consider natural law to be an expression of God's will. In this view, human beings have an obligation to discover the law by diligent reasoning and to weave it into the routine of their daily lives. Secular philosophers of a transcendental bent may seem to be radically different from theologians, but they are actually quite similar, at least in moral reasoning. They tend to view natural law as a set of principles so powerful, whatever their origin, as to be self-evident to any rational person. In short, transcendental views are fundamentally t ...
Conservatism
Conservatism is difficult to define because conservatives value tradition over rigid ideology and focus more on opposing change than proposing solutions. Key conservative beliefs include respecting traditions that have stood the test of time, acknowledging human fallibility, favoring social order over individual liberty, and seeing society as a complex organic system not easily improved by human design. Conservative thought incorporates traditions of authoritarian rule focused on obedience to established powers, paternalistic approaches that emphasize social responsibility among elites, and libertarian defenses of free markets and private property rights. Modern tensions exist between social conservatives focused on traditional values and economic libertarians prioritizing individual freedom.
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Conservatism
- 1. Conservatism Dr. Christopher S. Rice
- 2. What IS a conservative?
- 7. All conservatives want to conserve/preserve something (hence the name) (duh)
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- 9. Conservatism as resisting change
- 11. Conservatism as a distinctive political position
- 12. Classical Conservatives vs. Individualist Conservatives
- 16. “ To be conservative…is to prefer the familiar to the unknown, to prefer the tried to the untried, fact to mystery, the actual to the possible, the limited to the unbounded, the near to the distant, the sufficient to the superabundant, the convenient to the perfect, present laughter to utopian bliss.” Michael Oakeshott “On Being Conservative”
- 17. It is easier to say who is a conservative rather than what conservatism is .
- 21. IS conservatism an ideology?
- 23. The public interest “is what men would choose if they saw clearly, thought rationally, acted disinterestedly and benevolently.” William F. Buckley
- 24. Are Buckley and other conservatives making Marx’s mistake?
- 27. A reaction to the French Revolution
- 31. IMPOSSIBLE!
- 32. slow the modernization of society as much as possible
- 33. The Problem of Abstract Rights
- 34. the historical development of rights
- 35. PROBLEM: Abstract demands for rights can lead to redistribution of land and money .
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- 37. protection of private property provides social stability
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