Political Spectrum Revisited
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The document outlines different positions on the political spectrum from left to right. It describes anarchism as demanding the end of government, capitalism and religion through direct action and violence. Radicals are described as supporting socialist ideas through revolutionary means. Liberals are described as trusting government to reform society through policies promoting equality, regulation and social welfare. Moderates are described as valuing compromise and problem solving over ideology. Conservatives are described as seeking to preserve tradition and being skeptical of change, while reactionaries demand a return to past ideals through extreme nationalism, authority and intolerance of differences.
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Political Compass
The document discusses models for understanding and comparing political ideologies. It proposes a three-dimensional model called LEO Space that maps ideologies based on their attachment to or rejection of the principles of Liberty, Equality, and Order. In this model, most mainstream ideologies fall in the moderate region that balances these three principles, while more radical ideologies are defined by their disproportionate attachment or rejection of one or more of the principles. The LEO Space model aims to more accurately describe ideologies and their relationships compared to the traditional left-right political spectrum or Nolan Chart models.
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2) Those who hear Jesus' words but do not act on them are building their lives on shallow foundations that will not withstand life's storms. True disciples dig deep and build on the unshakable foundation of obedience to Christ.
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The document discusses models for understanding and comparing political ideologies. It proposes a three-dimensional model called LEO Space that maps ideologies based on their attachment to or rejection of the principles of Liberty, Equality, and Order. In this model, most mainstream ideologies fall in the moderate region that balances these three principles, while more radical ideologies are defined by their disproportionate attachment or rejection of one or more of the principles. The LEO Space model aims to more accurately describe ideologies and their relationships compared to the traditional left-right political spectrum or Nolan Chart models.
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Slideshow prepared for a series of lectures on political theory and ideologies for PS 240 Introduction to Political Theory (Fall 2007) at the University of Kentucky. Dr. Christopher S. Rice, Lecturer.
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1) Jesus commands obedience from his followers and questions why people call him Lord but do not obey his teachings. True obedience is essential for entering God's kingdom.
2) Those who hear Jesus' words but do not act on them are building their lives on shallow foundations that will not withstand life's storms. True disciples dig deep and build on the unshakable foundation of obedience to Christ.
3) Putting Jesus' teachings into practice is the only way to know if his message is truly from God. Obedience is the test of true discipleship and the path to knowing truth.
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The document outlines the emerging political spectrum in Europe from left to right. On the far left were radicals who advocated for a classless society and socialist economy. Liberals believed in limited government and laissez-faire economics. Conservatives supported the traditional social hierarchy and establishment. Reactionaries wanted to preserve the old order of absolute monarchy. Over time, the spectrum shifted as new issues emerged around democracy, industry, and social reforms.
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This document discusses left and right wing politics in the UK in the 1970s and 1979. The left wing supported policies like nationalization of industries, communism, and collectivism under Labour. The UK had many nationalized industries in the 1970s that benefited people through profits funding schools. In 1979, Margaret Thatcher and the Conservatives pursued more right wing policies of privatization, individualism, and allowing people to buy their council houses, giving them money to start businesses. This marketization approach allowed more choice and benefited the working class.
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The document provides information on the causes of the French Revolution in 4 sections: political causes, social causes, economic causes, and spread of new ideas. Politically, France was an absolute monarchy ruled by King Louis XVI who had total power. Socially, French society was divided into estates with the first and second estates (nobility and clergy) exempt from taxes. Economically, France was bankrupt from wars and only the third estate paid high taxes. The spread of new ideas like liberty, equality, and democracy further fueled discontent among the common people who lacked political rights and power.
French Revolution
The French Revolution was sparked by growing economic and social inequality between the three estates. The Third Estate, which represented the common people, bore the tax burden but had little political power. They rebelled in 1789, storming the Bastille and forcing King Louis XVI to accept a constitutional monarchy. However, tensions remained and radical factions grew more powerful. The monarchy was overthrown and Louis XVI was executed in 1793, marking the onset of the Reign of Terror by the Jacobins to consolidate the Revolution.
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The document outlines the emerging political spectrum in Europe between 1815-1848. Republicans supported a constitutional republic with universal male suffrage and were willing to endorse violent revolution. Liberals favored a limited constitutional monarchy with representative government and guaranteed civil rights. Conservatives wanted to maintain the traditional political system with aristocracy in leadership positions.
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The document defines and describes several major political ideologies including anarchism, communism, conservatism, environmentalism, liberalism, nationalism, and socialism. Anarchism advocates for stateless, self-governed societies based on voluntary cooperation. Communism's ultimate goal is the establishment of a classless, collectively owned communist society. Conservatism promotes retaining traditional social institutions. Environmentalism concerns protecting the environment. Liberalism is based on ideas of liberty and equality. Nationalism involves shared feelings of identity within a geographic region. Socialism involves social ownership and democratic control of production.
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The document discusses the left-right political spectrum. It explains that the spectrum originated during the French Revolution when revolutionary republicans sat on the left side of the assembly and pro-monarchist conservatives sat on the right. The left is generally considered more open to change while the right prefers to maintain the status quo. The spectrum is a continuum rather than distinct categories, and different political opinions can fall at various points along the line.
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The philosophical perspective
This document discusses Karl Marx's philosophical perspective on rioting and class struggle. It explains that Marx viewed history as progressing through stages defined by class conflict between ruling and oppressed social groups. Each stage is eventually overthrown through revolution. For Marx, rioting represents the proletariat expressing discontent with bourgeois domination and is a form of small-scale class struggle, as societies inevitably progress toward global communist revolution overthrowing capitalist rule.
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1. Modernization theory emerged in the 1950s and viewed development as a linear process where traditional societies modernize by adopting Western values like industrialization, capitalism, and secularism. It was criticized for being ethnocentric and ignoring that development can occur through different paths.
2. Dependency theory arose in the 1950s-1960s as an alternative to modernization theory. It argues that underdeveloped countries are not backward but rather dependent on developed countries that exploit them as suppliers of cheap labor and raw materials. This hinders their development and benefits core nations.
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French revolution
The French Revolution began in 1789 and was caused by widespread poverty and hunger among the commoners, as well as Enlightenment ideas promoting liberty and equality. The majority of the French population were poor commoners who were heavily taxed despite having little political power. During the Revolution, the Third Estate declared itself the National Assembly and wrote a Declaration of the Rights of Man modeled after the American Declaration of Independence. Key events included bread riots by starving citizens, the execution of King Louis XVI and Queen Marie Antoinette, and Napoleon Bonaparte later becoming emperor of France.
Political Ideology
Liberals favor individual liberty and equality of opportunity, support loose interpretation of the constitution to change with modern society, and believe government should address social issues through healthcare, education and welfare programs. Conservatives favor tradition over change, strict interpretation of the constitution, limited government involvement in social issues, and individual/non-profit solutions over government programs. The political spectrum ranges from left-wing views supporting heavy government control to right-wing views preferring limited government and free markets.
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The document provides information about political parties in the UK, including definitions of political parties and different types of parties. It discusses mainstream political parties like the Conservatives, Labour, and Liberal Democrats as well as single-issue parties. It also compares political parties to pressure groups. Additionally, it examines the structure and ideology of the Labour Party in the UK in detail. The document uses examples, definitions, and comparisons to concisely summarize key concepts about political parties in the UK system of government.
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The document discusses the key ideas and history of anarchism. It defines anarchism as a political theory that opposes hierarchical and coercive authority, instead emphasizing individual freedom and equality. Some key points made include that anarchism originated in ancient Greek and Chinese writings, emerged as an ideology during the French Revolution, and was advocated by influential thinkers like William Godwin, Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, Peter Kropotkin, and Emma Goldman in the 18th-19th centuries. Goldman viewed the state, religion, and private property as oppressive institutions that should be abolished. The document also outlines different branches of anarchist thought such as anarcho-communism, anarcho-syndicalism, and individualist
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Ang Komisyon sa mga Pilipino sa Ibayong Dagat ay kaisa ng bayan sa pagdiriwang ng Buwan ng Wikang Pambansa ngayong Agosto 2021 na may temang “Filipino at mga Wikang Katutubo sa Dekolonisasyon ng Pag-iisip ng mga Pilipino.”
Lubos na kinikilala ng Komisyon ang mga programa ng Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino (KWF) upang maipalaganap sa higit na nakararaming mamamayan ang kamalayan sa pagdiriwang at kahalagahan ng Wikang Filipino, gayundin bilang pakikiisa sa 2021 Quincentennial Commemorations in the Philippines (2021 QCP) na nakatuón sa mahahalagang pangyayari sa bansa sa nakalipas na 500 taón.
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Lubos na kinikilala ng Komisyon ang mga programa ng Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino (KWF) upang maipalaganap sa higit na nakararaming mamamayan ang kamalayan sa pagdiriwang at kahalagahan ng Wikang Filipino, gayundin bilang pakikiisa sa 2021 Quincentennial Commemorations in the Philippines (2021 QCP) na nakatuón sa mahahalagang pangyayari sa bansa sa nakalipas na 500 taón.
Ang pagdiriwang ay alinsunod sa itinakda ng Proklamasyon Bilang 1041, taong 1997, na nagpapahayag ng taunang Buwan ng Wikang Pambasa tuwing Agosto 1-31.Ang Komisyon sa mga Pilipino sa Ibayong Dagat ay kaisa ng bayan sa pagdiriwang ng Buwan ng Wikang Pambansa ngayong Agosto 2021 na may temang “Filipino at mga Wikang Katutubo sa Dekolonisasyon ng Pag-iisip ng mga Pilipino.”
Lubos na kinikilala ng Komisyon ang mga programa ng Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino (KWF) upang maipalaganap sa higit na nakararaming mamamayan ang kamalayan sa pagdiriwang at kahalagahan ng Wikang Filipino, gayundin bilang pakikiisa sa 2021 Quincentennial Commemorations in the Philippines (2021 QCP) na nakatuón sa mahahalagang pangyayari sa bansa sa nakalipas na 500 taón.
Ang pagdiriwang ay alinsunod sa itinakda ng Proklamasyon Bilang 1041, taong 1997, na nagpapahayag ng taunang Buwan ng Wikang Pambasa tuwing Agosto 1-31.Ang Komisyon sa mga Pilipino sa Ibayong Dagat ay kaisa ng bayan sa pagdiriwang ng Buwan ng Wikang Pambansa ngayong Agosto 2021 na may temang “Filipino at mga Wikang Katutubo sa Dekolonisasyon ng Pag-iisip ng mga Pilipino.”
Lubos na kinikilala ng Komisyon ang mga programa ng Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino (KWF) upang maipalaganap sa higit na nakararaming mamamayan ang kamalayan sa pagdiriwang at kahalagahan ng Wikang Filipino, gayundin bilang pakikiisa sa 2021 Quincentennial Commemorations in the Philippines (2021 QCP) na nakatuón sa mahahalagang pangyayari sa bansa sa nakalipas na 500 taón.
Ang pagdiriwang ay alinsunod sa itinakda ng Proklamasyon Bilang 1041, taong 1997, na nagpapahayag ng taunang Buwan ng Wikang Pambasa tuwing Agosto 1-31.Ang
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The document provides information on the causes of the French Revolution in 4 sections: political causes, social causes, economic causes, and spread of new ideas. Politically, France was an absolute monarchy ruled by King Louis XVI who had total power. Socially, French society was divided into estates with the first and second estates (nobility and clergy) exempt from taxes. Economically, France was bankrupt from wars and only the third estate paid high taxes. The spread of new ideas like liberty, equality, and democracy further fueled discontent among the common people who lacked political rights and power.
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The French Revolution was sparked by growing economic and social inequality between the three estates. The Third Estate, which represented the common people, bore the tax burden but had little political power. They rebelled in 1789, storming the Bastille and forcing King Louis XVI to accept a constitutional monarchy. However, tensions remained and radical factions grew more powerful. The monarchy was overthrown and Louis XVI was executed in 1793, marking the onset of the Reign of Terror by the Jacobins to consolidate the Revolution.
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The document discusses political ideologies on a left-right spectrum and evaluates the positioning of various social and economic issues within that spectrum. On social issues, more liberal or left-leaning positions support free healthcare, a woman's choice on abortion, no state religion, legalizing cannabis, and protecting the right to protest. More conservative or right-leaning positions support mandatory military service, using the death penalty, restricting immigration, and maintaining tradition by opposing gay marriage or requiring immigrants to learn the national language. On economic issues, left positions support nationalization and right positions support privatization.
The Emerging Political Spectrum 1815-1848
The document outlines the emerging political spectrum in Europe between 1815-1848. Republicans supported a constitutional republic with universal male suffrage and were willing to endorse violent revolution. Liberals favored a limited constitutional monarchy with representative government and guaranteed civil rights. Conservatives wanted to maintain the traditional political system with aristocracy in leadership positions.
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Ideology refers to the ideas, values, and beliefs that shape a society and guide social and educational policies. While ideas may seem like common sense, they actually evolve over time. An ideology functions to influence people's behaviors and exclude opposing beliefs. Social science differs from physical science in that it deals with the complexities of human nature, behavior, and environments, which are always changing. Social scientists study all aspects of social phenomena and human life across different times and levels of development by identifying problems, creating research questions, gathering and analyzing data, and drawing conclusions.
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The document defines and describes several major political ideologies including anarchism, communism, conservatism, environmentalism, liberalism, nationalism, and socialism. Anarchism advocates for stateless, self-governed societies based on voluntary cooperation. Communism's ultimate goal is the establishment of a classless, collectively owned communist society. Conservatism promotes retaining traditional social institutions. Environmentalism concerns protecting the environment. Liberalism is based on ideas of liberty and equality. Nationalism involves shared feelings of identity within a geographic region. Socialism involves social ownership and democratic control of production.
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The document discusses the left-right political spectrum. It explains that the spectrum originated during the French Revolution when revolutionary republicans sat on the left side of the assembly and pro-monarchist conservatives sat on the right. The left is generally considered more open to change while the right prefers to maintain the status quo. The spectrum is a continuum rather than distinct categories, and different political opinions can fall at various points along the line.
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The philosophical perspective
This document discusses Karl Marx's philosophical perspective on rioting and class struggle. It explains that Marx viewed history as progressing through stages defined by class conflict between ruling and oppressed social groups. Each stage is eventually overthrown through revolution. For Marx, rioting represents the proletariat expressing discontent with bourgeois domination and is a form of small-scale class struggle, as societies inevitably progress toward global communist revolution overthrowing capitalist rule.
American political parties
American political parties have evolved over time from informal affiliations to established organizations. The US system is largely a two-party structure, with the Democratic and Republican parties dominating. Democrats tend to favor an active government role in citizens' lives and progressive change. Republicans prefer a smaller government focused on individual liberties and tradition. While third parties exist, the winner-take-all electoral system favors the two major parties. Political ideologies and party affiliations develop based on social and personal factors.
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This document provides an overview of three major development theories: modernization theory, dependency theory, and world systems theory.
1. Modernization theory emerged in the 1950s and viewed development as a linear process where traditional societies modernize by adopting Western values like industrialization, capitalism, and secularism. It was criticized for being ethnocentric and ignoring that development can occur through different paths.
2. Dependency theory arose in the 1950s-1960s as an alternative to modernization theory. It argues that underdeveloped countries are not backward but rather dependent on developed countries that exploit them as suppliers of cheap labor and raw materials. This hinders their development and benefits core nations.
3. World systems theory,
French revolution
The French Revolution began in 1789 and was caused by widespread poverty and hunger among the commoners, as well as Enlightenment ideas promoting liberty and equality. The majority of the French population were poor commoners who were heavily taxed despite having little political power. During the Revolution, the Third Estate declared itself the National Assembly and wrote a Declaration of the Rights of Man modeled after the American Declaration of Independence. Key events included bread riots by starving citizens, the execution of King Louis XVI and Queen Marie Antoinette, and Napoleon Bonaparte later becoming emperor of France.
Political Ideology
Liberals favor individual liberty and equality of opportunity, support loose interpretation of the constitution to change with modern society, and believe government should address social issues through healthcare, education and welfare programs. Conservatives favor tradition over change, strict interpretation of the constitution, limited government involvement in social issues, and individual/non-profit solutions over government programs. The political spectrum ranges from left-wing views supporting heavy government control to right-wing views preferring limited government and free markets.
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Welfare state
Rural health posts offer basic health checks and services for about 4,000 people. Health centers serve larger rural populations of around 7,000 people and provide primary care services including minor surgeries. Urban polyclinics offer general practice services, screening, treatment for chronic illnesses and specialists depending on their size. Special focus polyclinics specifically treat children up to age 19. The document also lists various social welfare benefits provided by the state including pensions, maternity pay, child benefits, unemployment benefits, family credit, invalidity pensions, and mobility allowances for disabled people.
AS Government & Politics - UK Political Parties
The document provides information about political parties in the UK, including definitions of political parties and different types of parties. It discusses mainstream political parties like the Conservatives, Labour, and Liberal Democrats as well as single-issue parties. It also compares political parties to pressure groups. Additionally, it examines the structure and ideology of the Labour Party in the UK in detail. The document uses examples, definitions, and comparisons to concisely summarize key concepts about political parties in the UK system of government.
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Dictatorship
The rise of dictators in Europe following World War 1 led to the growth of authoritarian regimes like Fascism in Italy and Nazism in Germany. In Italy, Benito Mussolini rose to power in 1922 by marching on Rome with his black shirt fascist supporters. In Germany, Adolf Hitler blamed other countries and ethnic minorities for Germany's poor economy, allowing him to become Chancellor in 1933. Both dictators violated the Treaty of Versailles by militarizing their countries in preparation for war. The oppressive policies of Hitler against Jews, like the Nuremberg Laws and Kristallnacht, further solidified the Nazi regime's transition towards totalitarianism and aggression.
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Ang Komisyon sa mga Pilipino sa Ibayong Dagat ay kaisa ng bayan sa pagdiriwang ng Buwan ng Wikang Pambansa ngayong Agosto 2021 na may temang “Filipino at mga Wikang Katutubo sa Dekolonisasyon ng Pag-iisip ng mga Pilipino.”
Lubos na kinikilala ng Komisyon ang mga programa ng Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino (KWF) upang maipalaganap sa higit na nakararaming mamamayan ang kamalayan sa pagdiriwang at kahalagahan ng Wikang Filipino, gayundin bilang pakikiisa sa 2021 Quincentennial Commemorations in the Philippines (2021 QCP) na nakatuón sa mahahalagang pangyayari sa bansa sa nakalipas na 500 taón.
Ang pagdiriwang ay alinsunod sa itinakda ng Proklamasyon Bilang 1041, taong 1997, na nagpapahayag ng taunang Buwan ng Wikang Pambasa tuwing Agosto 1-31.Ang Komisyon sa mga Pilipino sa Ibayong Dagat ay kaisa ng bayan sa pagdiriwang ng Buwan ng Wikang Pambansa ngayong Agosto 2021 na may temang “Filipino at mga Wikang Katutubo sa Dekolonisasyon ng Pag-iisip ng mga Pilipino.”
Lubos na kinikilala ng Komisyon ang mga programa ng Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino (KWF) upang maipalaganap sa higit na nakararaming mamamayan ang kamalayan sa pagdiriwang at kahalagahan ng Wikang Filipino, gayundin bilang pakikiisa sa 2021 Quincentennial Commemorations in the Philippines (2021 QCP) na nakatuón sa mahahalagang pangyayari sa bansa sa nakalipas na 500 taón.
Ang pagdiriwang ay alinsunod sa itinakda ng Proklamasyon Bilang 1041, taong 1997, na nagpapahayag ng taunang Buwan ng Wikang Pambasa tuwing Agosto 1-31.Ang Komisyon sa mga Pilipino sa Ibayong Dagat ay kaisa ng bayan sa pagdiriwang ng Buwan ng Wikang Pambansa ngayong Agosto 2021 na may temang “Filipino at mga Wikang Katutubo sa Dekolonisasyon ng Pag-iisip ng mga Pilipino.”
Lubos na kinikilala ng Komisyon ang mga programa ng Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino (KWF) upang maipalaganap sa higit na nakararaming mamamayan ang kamalayan sa pagdiriwang at kahalagahan ng Wikang Filipino, gayundin bilang pakikiisa sa 2021 Quincentennial Commemorations in the Philippines (2021 QCP) na nakatuón sa mahahalagang pangyayari sa bansa sa nakalipas na 500 taón.
Ang pagdiriwang ay alinsunod sa itinakda ng Proklamasyon Bilang 1041, taong 1997, na nagpapahayag ng taunang Buwan ng Wikang Pambasa tuwing Agosto 1-31.Ang Komisyon sa mga Pilipino sa Ibayong Dagat ay kaisa ng bayan sa pagdiriwang ng Buwan ng Wikang Pambansa ngayong Agosto 2021 na may temang “Filipino at mga Wikang Katutubo sa Dekolonisasyon ng Pag-iisip ng mga Pilipino.”
Lubos na kinikilala ng Komisyon ang mga programa ng Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino (KWF) upang maipalaganap sa higit na nakararaming mamamayan ang kamalayan sa pagdiriwang at kahalagahan ng Wikang Filipino, gayundin bilang pakikiisa sa 2021 Quincentennial Commemorations in the Philippines (2021 QCP) na nakatuón sa mahahalagang pangyayari sa bansa sa nakalipas na 500 taón.
Ang pagdiriwang ay alinsunod sa itinakda ng Proklamasyon Bilang 1041, taong 1997, na nagpapahayag ng taunang Buwan ng Wikang Pambasa tuwing Agosto 1-31.Ang
Ideology
This document defines and compares different political ideologies including conservatism, liberalism, feminism, environmentalism, anarchism, socialism, communism, and fascism. Conservatism desires to maintain the existing social order and is skeptical of human nature. Liberalism values individual freedom and human rationality. Modern liberalism looks to the state to advance individual welfare. Feminism and environmentalism promote related social issues. Anarchism opposes all authority while socialism advocates collective ownership. Communism's end goal is a classless, stateless society based on need. Fascism emphasizes the supremacy of the state and race.
Ideas to Actions
The document discusses the history and evolution of major political ideologies such as classical liberalism, conservatism, socialism, fascism, and modern liberalism. It examines how these ideologies developed in response to historical events and political circumstances. Key thinkers and their major ideas are outlined for each ideology.
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The document discusses several key developments in 19th century Europe from 1871-1914. It notes that liberalism, which was ascendant in the 1870s, was in retreat by the end of the period as new intellectual tendencies emphasized irrational factors in human behavior. Economic trends also weakened liberal parties and philosophy. New problems from population growth, urbanization, and unemployment crises emerged without a shared faith that reason could solve them, increasing the potential for domestic conflict and international insecurity during this era.
Erin breelaceyhannahmicateam resistance52marx
The document discusses Team Resistance and their connections to declarations of independence and individual rights and freedoms from influential documents. It also discusses classical liberal thinkers like John Locke, John Stuart Mill, and Karl Marx. It examines rejections to liberalism like communism, fascism, and uses of secret police. It analyzes circumstances that made communism and fascism appealing in Russia and Germany. It considers elements of both systems that could be considered liberal and debates the justifications for their rejections of liberalism. Finally, it compares these historical examples to the contemporary Taliban and draws conclusions.
Erin breelaceyhannahmicateam resistance52marx
The document discusses Team Resistance and their connections to foundational documents promoting individual rights and freedoms and the rule of law such as the Declaration of Independence and the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen. It then discusses rejections to liberalism such as one party rule, central control of organizations, and compulsory work. Circumstances that led people to find communism or fascism appealing such as economic struggles in Germany and Russia are also summarized.
Erin breelaceyhannahmicateam resistance52marx
The document summarizes key aspects of liberalism and rejections of liberalism through history. It discusses the philosophies of classical liberal thinkers like John Locke, John Stuart Mill, and Karl Marx. It then analyzes circumstances in Germany and Russia that made communism and fascism appealing rejections of liberalism, including economic turmoil after WWI in Germany and oppression under the Tsar in Russia. The document considers elements of these rejections that could still be considered liberal and debates how justified the rejections were given the circumstances. It concludes by comparing the past rejections to the contemporary rejection of liberalism by the Taliban in Afghanistan.
Team resistance52 marx
The document summarizes key aspects of liberalism and rejections of liberalism through history. It discusses the philosophies of classical liberal thinkers like John Locke, John Stuart Mill, and Karl Marx. It then analyzes circumstances in Germany and Russia that made communism and fascism appealing rejections of liberalism, including economic turmoil after WWI and the Russian Revolution. Elements of liberalism present in communism and fascism are noted. Justifications for the rejections of liberalism in Nazi Germany and Soviet Russia are provided due to citizens' desperation for stability. Contemporary rejections like the Taliban are also briefly discussed.
Part23 a
The document summarizes key aspects of liberalism and rejections of liberalism through history. It discusses the philosophies of classical liberal thinkers like John Locke, John Stuart Mill, and Karl Marx. It then analyzes circumstances in Germany and Russia that made communism and fascism appealing rejections of liberalism, including economic turmoil after WWI and the Russian Revolution. Elements of liberalism present in communism and fascism are noted. Justifications for the rejections of liberalism in Nazi Germany and Soviet Russia are provided due to citizens' desperation for stability. Contemporary rejections like the Taliban are also briefly discussed.
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The document discusses the concepts of politics and power through a collection of quotes and definitions. It addresses politics as both cooperation and conflict, and explores the relationship between the two. It also examines different types of power, including political, economic, and military power. Legitimacy of power is discussed through traditional, legal-rational, and charismatic forms of legitimacy. Information is presented as an important power resource in modern society.
Power beyond the rules
what is politics? what are the types? politics in global perceptive Power? Types of political parties theoretical perceptive of Power. Power and Economy Power and War Power beyond the lines Politics in Pakistan and in U.S.
PS 240 Political Theory and Ideology Fall 2008
1) Political theory and ideologies can be categorized into three types: empirical theory which describes human life in communities, normative theory which advocates certain ideals and values, and evaluative theory which assesses political systems.
2) Ideology refers to systems of interrelated beliefs about social, economic, and political life that focus on human nature, history, and socio-political arrangements.
3) The triadic model of freedom depicts ideology as having an agent, goal, and obstacles, and provides examples like liberalism emphasizing individual choice and conservatism emphasizing order and stability.
Big Government and Demagoguery: Are We on the Path to Tyranny?
This document discusses how demagogues gain power by promising free gifts and wealth redistribution to voters. It provides several historical examples, such as Upton Sinclair in California and Pericles and Euphron in ancient Greece. Demagogues are able to gain popularity and power but ultimately fail to deliver on their promises and sometimes establish authoritarian or totalitarian regimes, as was the case with the Bolsheviks in Russia and fascists like Hitler and Mussolini. The document warns that abandoning constitutional limits and expanding government control of the economy through new "rights" can pave the way for demagogues to consolidate power.
Hannah Arendt and Totalitarian Power.pptx
Industrialization in the late 19th century led to widespread social, economic, and political changes. New technologies increased productivity and global trade, while rationalization of labor through techniques like Taylorism fragmented jobs. Society grew more stratified yet uniform, with an expanding middle class. The rise of mass society and mass media facilitated the control and manipulation of populations by totalitarian regimes in the 20th century. Theorists like Hannah Arendt analyzed how totalitarianism sought to control all aspects of life and subordinate individuals to the state. Her work on the "banality of evil" showed how ordinary people could perpetrate atrocities when unthinkingly following rules. Totalitarianism reflected the objectification of humans amid industrialization and capitalism's drive
Anarchism
Slide show prepared for a series of lectures on Anarchism for PS 240 Intro to Political Theory at the University of Kentucky, Fall 2007. Dr. Christopher S. Rice, Lecturer.
Ps 240 Fundamentalism Fall 2008
The document discusses different forms of religious fundamentalism including Jewish, Christian, and Islamic fundamentalism. It provides background on the factors that influenced the rise of contemporary Islamic fundamentalism in the Middle East following World War II and the creation of Israel. It also discusses the philosophies and goals of religious fundamentalists, including their beliefs about strict adherence to religious doctrines, opposition to secularism and liberalism, and desire to have government promote and enforce traditional religious values.
AlterNet.org Main RSS Feed
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Culture of Adversarialism
This presentation postulates that violence and conflict are no more natural to human beings and their society than compassion and cooperation, and that their apparent ‘naturalness’ is because they are part of a cultural construct that is prevalent in today’s world. It proposes that this view of humanity came to be put forward as part of the myth developed to justify the European conquest and colonization of the rest of the world. It analyzes its modern–day reproduction as a hegemonic imaginary, who stands to gain and lose from it, how it is propagated, and whether or not one could speak of a conspiracy.
Know Your Rights, Know Your Enemy
This document discusses Marxist views on various topics including the police, the state, capitalism, and oppression. It argues that the police were created by the ruling class to control the working class and protect capitalist interests. The police enforce laws in a selective way that targets those seen as threats to the social order, especially poor black communities. The document also asserts that the purpose of the state is to preserve class rule and facilitate capitalist exploitation by using both force and ideas to moderate class conflict and socialize people to accept hierarchical social relations. It views racism and other forms of oppression as tools used under capitalism to divide and rule over the working class.
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Big Government and Demagoguery: Are We on the Path to Tyranny?
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Political Spectrum Revisited
- 1. Anarchist Radical Liberal Moderate Conservative Reactionary Anarchist LEFT CENTER RIGHT Political Spectrum
- 2. Visualizing the Political Spectrum
- 3. Each Point on the Spectrum Represents.... An aspect of a culture's worldview A philosophical tradition Certain psychological attitudes A partisan tradition and set of positions on current politcal issues.
- 4. Hey THE LEFT “ All the world over, I will back the masses against the classes” - William E. Gladstone
- 5. ANARCHISM ! Mikhail Bakunin Modern Anarchists A philosophy of socialism demanding the end of government, capitalism and religion. Revolution through “Direct Action” - Terrorism & Assassination “ Smash the State” - extreme violence No planning of future society or economy Against all forms of authority and private property Sometimes fought Communists over who was more radical Assassinated many world leaders in the 19 th & early 20 th century
- 6. Revolutionary - conspiracy Imaginary Future Extreme Equality - socialism Violent but methodical & rational Anti-capitalist, illiberal, intolerant Act on behalf of workers, poor & marginalized social groups Marxist or other socialist ideas RADICALS “ One man with a gun can control 100 without one. ” - Vladimir Lenin
- 7. LIBERALISM “ Liberalism is trust of the people tempered by prudence.” -Gladstone Trust in the ability of government to reform society Promote economic and social Equality Ensure “Fairness” through regulation, social welfare programs, progressive taxation, affirmative action Group or collective perspective Sees History as a march toward progress Strong government regulation of the economy “ Big Government” Favor diplomacy over military force, unions over business, environmental concerns over private property rights, Gun control over gun ownership. For Abortion Rights but against the Death Penalty
- 8. MODERATES “ The vital center” - Arthur Schlesinger,Jr. Patriotic, Practical and Patient – not ideological or partisan Value civility, compromise and flexibility Focus on problem-solving & not abstract ideas or visions Consider both sides – values “common-sense” Easiest group to persuade – but dislikes conflict Controls neither political party but is the “Swing vote” to win elections “ Moderation in all things” -Aristotle
- 9. The Right
- 10. CONSERVATIVISM “ Society is a partnership not only between those who are living, but between those who are living, those who are dead, and those who are to be born." -Edmund Burke Seeks to preserve the best aspects of society and is skeptical of change, human nature and the government More divided than are liberals – paleoconservatives, religious conservatives, neoconservatives, libertarians.... Value Liberty, Order,Tradition Human nature is unchanging. People with power are not to be trusted. Money is not to be wasted. Government should be small and limited. Strongly Anti-Communist Conservatives favor low taxes, a strong national defense, tough laws against crime, free market capitalism, traditional family values, are against abortion but favor the death penalty & the Right to Bear Arms
- 11. REACTIONARIES “ The truth is that men are tired of liberty” -Benito Mussolini Demand a return to mythic, past, “golden age” Value extreme Nationalism, Militarism, Religious Fundamentalism, Authority, Male Superiority Believe in Inequality & superiority of their group – Xenophobia, Racism, Elitism Extreme Violence - “Might makes Right! ” In Revolt against Modernity Irrational appeal to emotion, mythical visions, vengeance, ethnocentrism, tribal, racial or religious identity Against democracy, liberalism, capitalism, socialism, individualism, minorities, free speech, women's rights and most cultural changes