This Presentation is prepared for the Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes.

1. Conservation as a
Multidisciplinary
Science
Dr. Virag G. Sontakke
Assistant Professor
A.I.H.C. & Archaeology, BHU

2. Conservation as a
Multidisciplinary
Science

3. Identification of historic
structures and precincts.

4. Conservation objects
•Different Structure: lime, bricks, plaster, paintings
• Buildings: stones, carvings, sculptures
• Huts: wood, bamboo
•Different Objects: paper, textile, metal, glass, leather,
stones,

14. Different Types of Monuments
• Examples of monuments include …
1. Historical Monuments
2. Archaeological sites
3. Statues,
4. (War) memorials
5. Cultural assets
6. Rods, Bridges

15. Material
Different types of monuments used different organic as well as inorganic
raw materials
1. Stones,
2. Bricks (terracotta),
3. Mud,
4. Tiles
5. Wood
6. Iron
7. Copper,
8. Brass,
9. Mortar

27. Major factors responsible for the
deterioration of heritage buildings
Natural Factors :
• Flood
• Biological Factors
• Moisture
• Rainstorm
• Ground salts and water
• Windstorm
• Air Pollutant
• Solar Radiation
• Temperature
• Vibration
Social Factors :
• Fire
• Urban Development
• Vandalism
• Pollution,
• Mechanical
• Chemicals.
• War

28. Flood

31. Salt

39. Earthquake

46. Conservation
• Read a monument, identify its emotional, cultural and use
significance;
• Understand the history and technology of monuments,
• Understand the setting of a monument, its contents and
surroundings, in relation to other buildings, gardens
• Understand the behaviour of monuments, diagnose intrinsic
and extrinsic causes of decay as a basis for appropriate action;
• Inspect and illustrated: sketches and photographs;
• Define the areas of need of study by different specialists, e.g.
wall paintings, sculpture and objects/or studies of materials and
systems;
• Work in multi-disciplinary groups using sound methods;

48. Conservation Included
• History
• Archaeology
• Anthropology
• Architecture
• Geography
• Art-History
• Chemistry
• Physics
• Biology
• Engineering

49. History
• Basic work
• To get the identity of the monuments
• Its period
• Its origin
• Its purpose
• Ancient maps,
• Any written record ?
• Role of the monument in the history
• Role of the monument in modern time

50. Archaeology
• To understand the monuments
• Its function
• Its value
• It is important and significance
• Structural importance
• Heritage Value
• Monument conditions
• Identifications of the material and
• Its probable sources
• Actual conservations

52. Architecture
• Understand the architectural importance
• Architectural design
• Plan
• Elevations
• Sections
• 3D designs
• Items used
• Any Uniqueness
• Comparison with other structures

53. Geography
• Area of the monuments
• Location of the monuments
• Weather
• Rainfall
• Temperature chart
• Heat
• Humidity
• Position of the monument in the matter of…
• Jungles?
• Rivers?
• Lakes?

54. Geology
• Location of the monument
• The soil
• The stone
• Geological formations
• Foundation stability of the structure
• Used stones
• Resources of the used material

56. Art-History
• To understand the beauty of the structure/Monument
• Decorations
• Pillars
• Slabs
• Walls
• Iconographic study
• Other elements

60. Chemistry
• Understand the component of the structures
• Mortar and its ratio
• Lime plaster, clay, metals, manuscripts,
• Preventive care
• Protective care

62. Civil Engineering
• Help in the restorations
• Understand the construction
• Structure pattern and its strength
• Drawing and detailed documentations
• Foundation upgradations
• New techniques
• New additions: bathroom/washroom

63. Electrical Engineering
• To provide lights and decoration
• Illumination
• New wiring
• Safety features

71. Conclusion
• Conservations differ from structure to structure
• In a vast country like India structure changes in 100 km
• Each structure has its own personality and identity
• Conservation is a teamwork
• It includes multi-disciplinary involvement of the subjects
• Each expert played a vital role in strengthening of the structure
• These experts introduce new technological enhancements in
their field with subsequently help to prolong the decay of the
monuments.