BPH

1. BENIGN PROSTATIC
HYPERTROPHY
MR. MOUNESH. BADIGER
SENIOR TUTOR
MEDICAL SURGICAL DEPARTMENT
KAHER INSTITUTE OF NURSING SCIENCES,
BELAGAVI,
BPH
MR. MOUNESH BADIGER, MSc (N)
Senior Tutor
MEDICAL SURGICAL DEPARTMENT
KAHER ,ION,BELAGAVI
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2. PROSTATE GLAND
• The main function of the prostate gland
is to secrete an alkaline fluid that
comprises approximately 70% of the
seminal volume.
• The secretions produce lubrication and
nutrition for the sperm. The alkaline fluid
in the ejaculate results in liquefaction of
the seminal plug and helps to neutralize
the acidic vaginal environment.
• The prostate secretes fluid that
nourishes and protects sperm. During
ejaculation, the prostate squeezes this
fluid into the urethra, and it’s expelled
with sperm as semen
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3. INTRODUCTION
• Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a
benign enlargement of the prostate
gland.
• This condition is known as benign
prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), the
enlargement, or hypertrophy of the
prostate.
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4. • It is the most common urologic
problem in male adults.
• 50% of men having evidence of
BPH by age of 50years.
• 85% by age of 80 years.
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5. DEFINITION
Benign prostatic hyperplasia or hypertrophy
(BPH) is a condition characterized by benign
enlargement of the prostate gland in men
that leads to urinary obstruction.
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8. CAUSES AND RISK
FACTORS
 Dihydrotestosterone (DHT)
(14-77ng/dl)
 Idiopathic
 Smoking
 Oncology conditions
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9. Aging.
Family history.
Lifestyle –
Obesity
 Erectile
dysfunction
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11. • Increased frequency of
urination
• Nocturia
• Post void dribbling
• Decrease in volume and
force of urinary stream
• Sensation of incomplete
emptying of the bladder
• Suprapubic discomfort and
distention
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12. • Acute urinary retention (more
than 60 ml)
• Recurrent UTIS.
• Fatigue
• Anorexia
• Nausea and vomiting
• Ultimately azotaemia
• Hematuria.
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13. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
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14. Due to etiological factor enlargement of
prostate gland
hypertrophied lobes compress the bladder
of neck causing urinary retention
Gradual dilation of ureter and kidneys
Prolonged urinary retention and obstruction
cause UTI
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15. DIAGNOSTIC METHODS
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16.  History collection
 Physical examination
 Urinalysis to screen for hematuria
and UTI.
 Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) 4.0
ng/ml
 Cystoscopy
 Ultrasound
 CT scan or MRI
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17.  Uroflowmetry: detects poor
force of urinary stream
 Voiding cystogram: detects
anatomic defects of urethra
 Hematological: CBC, RFT and
Coagulation profile.
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18. MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
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19.  Indwelling catheterization
 A suprapubic cystostomy or
suprapubic catheter
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20. • Alpha blockers. (α-blockers or α-
adrenoreceptor antagonists)
These medications relax bladder neck muscles
and muscle fibers in the prostate, making
urination easier.
• 5-alpha reductase
inhibitors.(dihydrotestosterone blockers)
These medications shrink prostate by
preventing hormonal changes that cause
prostate growth. Hair loss treatment.
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21. • Tadalafil (Cialis):Studies suggest this
medication, which is often used to treat
erectile dysfunction, can also treat
prostate enlargement. Pulmonary artery
hypertension.
• Antibiotics
• Antispasmodic
• Antiemetic
• Loop diuretics
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22. MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
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23. Transurethral resection of the prostate
(TURP)
It is performed by visualizing the prostate
through the urethra and removing tissue by
electro cautery or sharp dissection.
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24. Transurethral incision of the
prostate (TUIP)
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25. COMPLICATIONS
• Acute urinary retention
• Involuntary bladder contraction
• Cystolithiasis
• Gross hematuria
• UTI
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