Medicine

1. PRESENTATION ON
CARDIAC FAILURE
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2. PRESENTED BY-
 Marzeea Ahmad Raka
ID: 1320703046
 Suraiya Ahmed
ID: 1320916046
 Nusrat Alam Mou
ID: 1321238046
 Usha showdagor
ID: 1320012046
Mir Tasnia Noshin
ID: 1320877046
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3. OBJECTIVES
Definition of Cardiac Failure
Sign and symptoms of Cardiac Failure
Types of Cardiac Failure (Right and Left)
Causes of Cardiac Failure
Diagnosis of Cardiac Failure
Treatment of Cardiac Failure
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4. What is Cardiac Failure?
• In medical terms cardiac failure is
defined as the condition when
heart is unable to pump enough
blood required for normal body
functions.
• Human body needs sufficient
amount of oxygen which is
supplied by heart through blood.
Heart failure or cardiac failure is
a serious condition and needs
immediate medical care.
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5. Heart attack leads to
Cardiac arrest or heart
failure !
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6. Signs & Symptoms
• Congested Lungs
• Dyspnea (shortness of breath)
• Dizziness, Fatigue and Weakness
• Fluid and Water retention
• Peripheral Edema
• Rapid or irregular heart beats
• Most common noncardiac signs and symptoms of heart
failure include anorexia, nausea, weight loss, bloating,
weakness, oliguria (less urine output), nocturia (excess
urine output), and cerebral symptoms of varying severity,
ranging from anxiety to memory impairment and
confusion.
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8. TYPES OF CARDIAC
FAILURE
Mainly two types-
1)Left cardiac failure
2)Right cardiac failure
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9. LEFT CARDIAC FAILURE
Involves the left ventricle (lower chamber) of the
heart.
 Systolic failure
• The heart looses it’s ability to contract or pump
blood into the circulation.
 Diastolic failure
• The heart looses it’s ability to relax because it
becomes stiff.
• Heart cannot fill properly between each beat.
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10. Systolic and diastolic heart failure are
treated with different types of
medications.
In both types, blood may “back up” in
the lungs causing fluid to leak into the
lungs (pulmonary edema).
Fluid may also build up in tissues
throughout the body (edema).
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11. Right CARDIAC Failure
Usually occurs as a result of left
heart failure
The right ventricle pumps blood
to the lungs for oxygen
Occasionally isolated right heart
failure can occur due to lung
disease or blood clots to the lung
(pulmonary embolism)
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12. CAUSES OF CARDIAC FAILURE
Coronary artery disease
Heart attack
High blood pressure
Heart muscle diseases (cardiomyopathy)
Heart inflammation (myocarditis)
 Congenital heart defects
Severe lung disease
Diabetes
Severe anemia
Hyperthyroidism
Abnormal heart rhythms 12

13. CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
Coronary artery disease (CAD), a disease of the arteries that supply
blood and oxygen to the heart.
Cholesterol and fatty deposits build up in the heart’s arteries
Less blood and oxygen reach the heart muscle
This causes decreased blood flow to the heart muscle and occasionally
damages the heart muscle
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14. HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE
If a person has high blood pressure, this
means that his/her heart has to work
harder to push blood throughout body. To
cope with this extra effort, heart becomes
thicker and stiffer, which makes it less
able to do its job.
Uncontrolled high blood pressure doubles
a persons risk of developing heart failure.
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15.  Heart attack:
A heart attack occurs when a
coronary artery becomes suddenly
blocked, stopping the flow of blood
to the heart muscle. A heart attack
damages the heart muscle,
resulting in a scarred area that
does not function properly.
 Diabetes:
Diabetes mellitus (DM) increases
the risk of heart failure (HF)
independent of coronary heart
disease and hypertension and may
cause a cardiomyopathy (damage
to the heart muscle).
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16. OTHERS
 Severe anemia
• Not enough red blood cells to carry
oxygen.
• Heart beats faster and can become
overtaxed with the effort.
 Hyperthyroidism
• Body metabolism is increased and
overworks the heart.
 Abnormal Heart Rhythm
• If the heart beats too fast, too slow or
irregular it may not be able to pump
enough blood to the body. 16

17. Diagnosis of Cardiac Failure
• Blood tests
• B-type Natriuretic Peptide
(BNP) blood test
• CXR (Chest X-ray)
• EKG (Echocardiogram)
• ECG (Electrocardiogram)
• EF (Ejection fraction)
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18. TREATMENTS
Medication is the first line of treatment for heart failure. The
drugs include the following:
 Diuretics (frusemide, spironolactone, metolazone)
 Beta blockers (bisoprolol, carvedilol, metoprolol,
nebivolol)
ACE inhibitors (captopril, enalapril, ramipril, peridopril)
Angiotensin receptor blockers (candesartan, valsartan,
losartan)
 Digoxin
 Nitrates
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20. TREATMENT OPTIONS
 Surgery and other Medical
Procedures: Not often used in heart
failure unless there is a correctable
problem.
Coronary artery bypass
Angioplasty
Valve replacement
Defibrillator implantation
Heart transplantation
Left ventricular assist device (LVAD) 20

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22. CHANGES IN LIFESTYLE
Stop smoking
Loose weight
Avoid alcohol
Avoid or limit caffeine
Eat a low-fat, low-sodium diet
Exercise
Reduce stress
Keep track of symptoms and
weight and report any changes or
concern to the doctor
Limit fluid intake
Consult with doctor more
frequently
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23. REFERENCES
• Textbook of Medical Physiology- Guyton & Hall
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart_failure
• http://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/guide-heart-
failure
• http://medimoon.com/2012/08/what-is-the-difference-
between-heart-attack-and-heart-failure/
• http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-
failure/basics/symptoms/con-20029801
• http://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/guide-heart-
failure?page=2#3
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24. THANK
YOU !
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