Congenital pyloric-stenosis
•Download as PPT, PDF•
5 likes•406 views
This document discusses congenital pyloric stenosis, which is the most common cause of non-bilious vomiting in infants. It describes the condition as a thickening of the pyloric muscle that partially or completely blocks the stomach outlet. Key points include that it occurs in about 3 in 1000 live births, more commonly in white males, and the standard treatment is a pyloromyotomy surgery to cut the thickened pyloric muscle. The surgery has a low risk and is usually curative for resolving the vomiting symptoms.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Hiatal hernia
1. A 60-year-old female presents with chest pain below her sternum that radiates to her left shoulder. The pain is worsened after eating spicy foods and is relieved with omeprazole.
2. She likely has gastroesophageal reflux disease exacerbated by a hiatal hernia, allowing stomach contents to enter her esophagus.
3. Surgical repair of symptomatic hiatal hernias can effectively address her symptoms through approaches like fundoplication to reduce reflux.
Disorders of gastrointestinal system peds
This document discusses cleft lip and cleft palate. It begins by defining cleft lip and cleft palate as facial malformations that occur during early fetal development due to failed fusion of tissues. It notes the incidence of each condition and potential risk factors like medications and environmental exposures. The document outlines the types of cleft lip and palate and describes the multi-stage surgical and non-surgical treatments required from infancy through adolescence to correct the conditions.
Peritonitis
this presentation includes anatomy physiology function of peritoneum ,also includes cause of peritonitis its severity ,various scoring system investigation and treatment.It includes the recent advancement and latest articles from latest books of surgery.
Intestinal atresia
This document discusses different types of intestinal atresia, which is a complete blockage in the intestine. It describes pyloric, duodenal, jejunoileal, and colonic atresia. Pyloric atresia involves an obstruction at the stomach-duodenum junction. Duodenal atresia occurs in 1 in 2,500 births and often involves other abnormalities. Jejunoileal atresia can be classified into different types depending on the location and severity of the blockage. Colonic atresia is rare and may involve dilation of the colon. Diagnosis is often made through prenatal ultrasound or abdominal x-ray. Treatment involves surgery to remove blockages and re
Pediatric malabsorption syndromes
The document discusses the importance of the gastrointestinal tract and its functions of digestion and absorption. It provides details on the digestion of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and vitamins/minerals in the GI tract. Key enzymes and their sites of action are identified. Malabsorption syndromes are then examined, including causes, classification, epidemiology, clinical presentation, and relevant laboratory studies. Overall, the document emphasizes the critical role of proper GI function for overall health and nutrition.
L10 hirschprung& celiac+t sprue
Hirschsprung disease is a developmental disorder characterized by the absence of ganglion cells in the distal colon, resulting in functional obstruction. It involves an enlargement of the colon (megacolon) caused by bowel obstruction from an aganglionic section of bowel that starts at the anus and progresses upward. It is diagnosed using biopsy and treated surgically by removing the abnormal section of colon.
duodenal atresia
This document provides an overview of duodenal atresia, including its definition, epidemiology, etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, management, complications, and differential diagnosis. Duodenal atresia is a congenital absence or closure of part of the duodenum due to defective fusion during development. It commonly presents after birth with vomiting, jaundice, and abdominal distension. Diagnosis is typically made through imaging findings like the "double bubble" sign on x-ray. Surgical management involves bypassing the blocked portion of duodenum through procedures like duodenoduodenostomy. Complications can include anastomotic issues or problems from associated anomalies.
Short bowel syndrome
1. Short bowel syndrome results from surgical resection or disease that leaves the small intestine unable to absorb enough nutrients from food.
2. It occurs when there is less than 200cm of small intestine remaining or a loss of over 50% of the small intestine.
3. Patients experience malabsorption, diarrhea, fluid and electrolyte disturbances, and require intravenous nutrition to supplement what they cannot absorb from food.
4. Over time, the remaining intestine can adapt through changes like villous hyperplasia, but patients often still require long-term treatments and supplements.
Recommended
Hiatal hernia
1. A 60-year-old female presents with chest pain below her sternum that radiates to her left shoulder. The pain is worsened after eating spicy foods and is relieved with omeprazole.
2. She likely has gastroesophageal reflux disease exacerbated by a hiatal hernia, allowing stomach contents to enter her esophagus.
3. Surgical repair of symptomatic hiatal hernias can effectively address her symptoms through approaches like fundoplication to reduce reflux.
Disorders of gastrointestinal system peds
This document discusses cleft lip and cleft palate. It begins by defining cleft lip and cleft palate as facial malformations that occur during early fetal development due to failed fusion of tissues. It notes the incidence of each condition and potential risk factors like medications and environmental exposures. The document outlines the types of cleft lip and palate and describes the multi-stage surgical and non-surgical treatments required from infancy through adolescence to correct the conditions.
Peritonitis
this presentation includes anatomy physiology function of peritoneum ,also includes cause of peritonitis its severity ,various scoring system investigation and treatment.It includes the recent advancement and latest articles from latest books of surgery.
Intestinal atresia
This document discusses different types of intestinal atresia, which is a complete blockage in the intestine. It describes pyloric, duodenal, jejunoileal, and colonic atresia. Pyloric atresia involves an obstruction at the stomach-duodenum junction. Duodenal atresia occurs in 1 in 2,500 births and often involves other abnormalities. Jejunoileal atresia can be classified into different types depending on the location and severity of the blockage. Colonic atresia is rare and may involve dilation of the colon. Diagnosis is often made through prenatal ultrasound or abdominal x-ray. Treatment involves surgery to remove blockages and re
Pediatric malabsorption syndromes
The document discusses the importance of the gastrointestinal tract and its functions of digestion and absorption. It provides details on the digestion of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and vitamins/minerals in the GI tract. Key enzymes and their sites of action are identified. Malabsorption syndromes are then examined, including causes, classification, epidemiology, clinical presentation, and relevant laboratory studies. Overall, the document emphasizes the critical role of proper GI function for overall health and nutrition.
L10 hirschprung& celiac+t sprue
Hirschsprung disease is a developmental disorder characterized by the absence of ganglion cells in the distal colon, resulting in functional obstruction. It involves an enlargement of the colon (megacolon) caused by bowel obstruction from an aganglionic section of bowel that starts at the anus and progresses upward. It is diagnosed using biopsy and treated surgically by removing the abnormal section of colon.
duodenal atresia
This document provides an overview of duodenal atresia, including its definition, epidemiology, etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, management, complications, and differential diagnosis. Duodenal atresia is a congenital absence or closure of part of the duodenum due to defective fusion during development. It commonly presents after birth with vomiting, jaundice, and abdominal distension. Diagnosis is typically made through imaging findings like the "double bubble" sign on x-ray. Surgical management involves bypassing the blocked portion of duodenum through procedures like duodenoduodenostomy. Complications can include anastomotic issues or problems from associated anomalies.
Short bowel syndrome
1. Short bowel syndrome results from surgical resection or disease that leaves the small intestine unable to absorb enough nutrients from food.
2. It occurs when there is less than 200cm of small intestine remaining or a loss of over 50% of the small intestine.
3. Patients experience malabsorption, diarrhea, fluid and electrolyte disturbances, and require intravenous nutrition to supplement what they cannot absorb from food.
4. Over time, the remaining intestine can adapt through changes like villous hyperplasia, but patients often still require long-term treatments and supplements.
INFANTILE HYPERTROPHIC PYLORIC STENOSIS
Intestinal hypertrophic pyloric stenosis is a condition characterized by thickening of the pyloric muscle which obstructs the gastric outlet. It typically affects infants between 2-8 weeks of age, with males being affected more often than females. Surgical pyloromyotomy is the treatment of choice and involves cutting the thickened pyloric muscle to relieve the obstruction. If diagnosed and treated early, the prognosis is excellent with complete resolution and no risk of recurrence after surgery.
Gastritis
Gastritis is an inflammation of the stomach lining that can be acute or chronic. It is commonly caused by H. pylori infection, NSAIDs, alcohol, and stress. Acute gastritis involves nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain that resolves within days. Chronic gastritis symptoms are similar but may lead to achlorhydria. Diagnosis involves endoscopy with biopsy to check for H. pylori or atrophy. Treatment focuses on eliminating the cause, reducing acid with PPIs or H2 blockers, and treating any H. pylori infection.
Anorectal malformation
Anorectal malformations are developmental deformities of the lower end of the alimentary tract that occur due to arrest in embryonic development between weeks 4-12. They range from minor abnormalities like anal stenosis to major ones where there is no anal opening. Surgical correction depends on type and aims to reconstruct bowel continuity. Post-operative care focuses on perineal care, feeding, bowel habits and prevention of complications like infection and obstruction. Prognosis is good for most, with majority achieving bowel control.
Pediatric Surgery Review
1. The document provides an overview of common pediatric surgical conditions, including congenital diaphragmatic hernia, esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula, congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, intussusception, Meckel's diverticulum, Hirschsprung disease, and anorectal malformations.
2. It describes the definition, etiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic workup, and management of each condition. Diagrams and images are provided to illustrate key aspects.
3. The review is intended for 6th year medical students to familiarize them with important pediatric surgical topics.
Acute renal failure in children
This document provides an overview of acute renal failure in children. It defines acute renal failure, discusses causes (pre-renal, intrinsic renal, post-renal), pathogenesis, laboratory findings, biomarkers, management including fluid resuscitation, diuretics, electrolyte abnormalities, nutrition, and indications for dialysis. Management is aimed at treating the underlying cause and maintaining fluid, electrolyte and acid-base balance until renal function recovers.
Peptic ulcer disease-child surgery
To know basic etiology of this disease and difference between duodenal ulcer and peptic ulcer as well as how we can approach if children having peptic ulcer disease. By conservative and surgical means
GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease) in children
Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) is common in infants and children and refers to the involuntary passage of gastric contents into the esophagus. GER becomes GERD when it causes symptoms or complications. Common symptoms in infants include frequent vomiting, irritability, and failure to thrive. Diagnosis is usually made based on symptoms and history, though tests like pH probes and endoscopy may be used in some cases. Treatment focuses on positioning, thickening feeds, medications, and rarely surgery to reinforce the antireflux barrier.
Short Bowel syndrome Dr Habibur Rahim
Short bowel syndrome (SBS) occurs when extensive segments of the small intestine are resected, severely compromising absorptive capacity. It is a leading cause of intestinal failure in infants, with an incidence of 0.1-0.5% among live births and ICU admissions. The minimal length of small intestine needed to survive is 15-38 cm, though adaptation allows survival with even shorter lengths. Management involves total parenteral nutrition, optimizing enteral nutrition, and treating complications until the remnant intestine sufficiently adapts through processes like increased blood flow and growth. With current treatment, 80% of infants with SBS achieve full enteral nutrition within a year.
Hiatal Hernia.pptx
This document discusses hiatal hernia, including its definition, types, causes, symptoms, diagnostic tests, treatment options, nursing care, and potential complications. A hiatal hernia occurs when part of the stomach bulges through an opening in the diaphragm. It can be caused by factors like obesity, smoking, straining, or pregnancy. Symptoms include heartburn, regurgitation, and chest pain. Treatment involves medications to reduce acid production, surgery to repair the hiatal hernia, and lifestyle changes. Nursing care focuses on pain management, education, and preventing acid reflux.
Hernia
Search Results
Featured snippet from the web
A hernia is the abnormal exit of tissue or an organ, such as the bowel, through the wall of the cavity in which it normally resides. Hernias come in a number of types. Most commonly they involve the abdomen, specifically the groin. Groin hernias are most commonly of the inguinal type but may also be femoral
Inguinal hernia
Inguinal Hernia report 2013, during Surgery rotation of my Post Graduate Internship at the Veterans Memorial Medical Center
Diaphragmatic hernia
1) A diaphragmatic hernia is a defect in the diaphragm allowing contents from the abdomen to protrude into the chest cavity.
2) Congenital diaphragmatic hernias are the most common type and occur during fetal development when the diaphragm fails to fully form.
3) Infants present with respiratory distress and treatment involves aggressive respiratory support, surgical repair of the defect, and long term management of complications which can include GERD and intestinal issues.
Merkel's diverticulum
Meckel's diverticulum is the most common congenital abnormality of the gastrointestinal tract, affecting approximately 2% of the population. It is a true diverticulum that forms from incomplete closure of the vitelline duct during fetal development. Meckel's diverticulum can contain heterotopic gastric or pancreatic tissue which can lead to ulceration and bleeding. Clinical presentations include hemorrhage, intestinal obstruction, diverticulitis, and intussusception. Diagnosis is often made through scans like a Meckel's scan or CT scan, and treatment involves surgical resection of the diverticulum.
Chronic hepatits in children
Chronic hepatitis in children can be caused by viral infections like hepatitis B and C, autoimmune disorders, drug reactions, and metabolic diseases. Hepatitis B often becomes chronic if contracted as a newborn. It progresses through immune tolerant, immune active, and inactive carrier phases. Hepatitis C poses a high risk of chronicity in children. Autoimmune hepatitis involves liver inflammation from a misdirected immune response. Common drugs that can cause chronic liver injury include anti-tubercular and anticonvulsant medications. Metabolic diseases such as Wilson's disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis account for a significant percentage of chronic liver disease in children. Treatment depends on the underlying cause and may include antiviral therapy,
What is Dumping Syndrome?
Dumping syndrome is a set of a syndrome that can develop after gastric surgery due to rapid delivery of nutrients. Its symptoms can appear either within minutes of a meal or a few hours later. To get a detailed information on this, have a look at the attachment provided.
Celiac disease in children 2021
This document provides information on celiac disease in children, including its classification, epidemiology, etiology, clinical features, complications, management, prognosis and prevention. Celiac disease is a genetically predisposed autoimmune disease caused by an immune reaction to gluten, resulting in damage to the small intestine and inability to absorb nutrients. It commonly presents with diarrhea, failure to thrive and malnutrition. Diagnosis involves antibody testing and biopsy of the small intestine. The only treatment is a lifelong gluten-free diet, which can resolve symptoms and heal intestinal damage. Untreated celiac disease can lead to complications like anemia, osteoporosis and intestinal lymphoma.
Achalasia
Achalasia is a rare disorder of the esophagus that results from damaged nerves that control food movement. It causes difficulty swallowing and food getting stuck. The document discusses the causes, symptoms, tests used to diagnose (endoscopy, manometry), and treatments of achalasia. Treatments include medications to relax muscles, botox injections, balloon dilation procedures, and surgeries like Heller myotomy to cut the lower esophageal sphincter muscle.
Abdominal wall-defects
This document discusses various abdominal wall defects in infants. It describes omphalocele, where abdominal organs protrude into a sac through a defect in the abdominal wall near the umbilicus. Gastroschisis is defined as a defect to the right of the umbilicus where intestines directly eviscerate. Incidence, pathophysiology, clinical findings, associated anomalies, and treatment approaches like primary closure or staged closure using a silo are reviewed for each condition. Other rare defects discussed include umbilical hernia, prune belly syndrome, bladder exstrophy, pentalogy of Cantrell, and Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. Key differences between omphalocele and gastroschis
Bronchial asthma in children
Bronchial asthma in children is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways. It is characterized by recurrent episodes of wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness and coughing, particularly at night or in the early morning. These episodes are usually associated with reversible airflow obstruction. The document discusses the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of bronchial asthma in children. It outlines the goal of treatment as achieving and maintaining clinical control by preventing acute symptoms and disease recurrence while avoiding side effects. Treatment follows a step approach of increasing medication according to asthma severity.
acute abdomen
1. Acute abdominal pain has many potential causes that can be categorized by organ system affected or type of pain experienced.
2. A thorough history and physical exam is important to determine the likely cause and guide appropriate testing or treatment.
3. Common pediatric causes include gastroenteritis, appendicitis, urinary tract infections, while adolescent females should also be evaluated for gynecological issues.
Pyloric Stenosis
Congenital pyloric stenosis is a condition where the pylorus becomes enlarged, blocking food from exiting the stomach. It most commonly affects male infants and presents with non-bilious vomiting. Diagnosis is typically made by palpating an olive-shaped mass in the stomach or via ultrasound showing thickening of the pyloric muscle. Treatment involves pyloromyotomy surgery to divide the thickened muscle and allow food to pass through the pylorus.
Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis is a condition characterized by thickening of the pyloric muscle which causes projectile vomiting in infants usually starting around 3 weeks of age. It occurs more commonly in males and the risk is increased if the father also had IHPS. Diagnosis is suggested by symptoms and confirmed by ultrasound showing thickening of the pyloric wall over 4mm. Treatment involves rehydration followed by pyloromyotomy surgery to cut the thickened pyloric muscle and relieve the obstruction.
More Related Content
What's hot
INFANTILE HYPERTROPHIC PYLORIC STENOSIS
Intestinal hypertrophic pyloric stenosis is a condition characterized by thickening of the pyloric muscle which obstructs the gastric outlet. It typically affects infants between 2-8 weeks of age, with males being affected more often than females. Surgical pyloromyotomy is the treatment of choice and involves cutting the thickened pyloric muscle to relieve the obstruction. If diagnosed and treated early, the prognosis is excellent with complete resolution and no risk of recurrence after surgery.
Gastritis
Gastritis is an inflammation of the stomach lining that can be acute or chronic. It is commonly caused by H. pylori infection, NSAIDs, alcohol, and stress. Acute gastritis involves nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain that resolves within days. Chronic gastritis symptoms are similar but may lead to achlorhydria. Diagnosis involves endoscopy with biopsy to check for H. pylori or atrophy. Treatment focuses on eliminating the cause, reducing acid with PPIs or H2 blockers, and treating any H. pylori infection.
Anorectal malformation
Anorectal malformations are developmental deformities of the lower end of the alimentary tract that occur due to arrest in embryonic development between weeks 4-12. They range from minor abnormalities like anal stenosis to major ones where there is no anal opening. Surgical correction depends on type and aims to reconstruct bowel continuity. Post-operative care focuses on perineal care, feeding, bowel habits and prevention of complications like infection and obstruction. Prognosis is good for most, with majority achieving bowel control.
Pediatric Surgery Review
1. The document provides an overview of common pediatric surgical conditions, including congenital diaphragmatic hernia, esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula, congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, intussusception, Meckel's diverticulum, Hirschsprung disease, and anorectal malformations.
2. It describes the definition, etiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic workup, and management of each condition. Diagrams and images are provided to illustrate key aspects.
3. The review is intended for 6th year medical students to familiarize them with important pediatric surgical topics.
Acute renal failure in children
This document provides an overview of acute renal failure in children. It defines acute renal failure, discusses causes (pre-renal, intrinsic renal, post-renal), pathogenesis, laboratory findings, biomarkers, management including fluid resuscitation, diuretics, electrolyte abnormalities, nutrition, and indications for dialysis. Management is aimed at treating the underlying cause and maintaining fluid, electrolyte and acid-base balance until renal function recovers.
Peptic ulcer disease-child surgery
To know basic etiology of this disease and difference between duodenal ulcer and peptic ulcer as well as how we can approach if children having peptic ulcer disease. By conservative and surgical means
GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease) in children
Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) is common in infants and children and refers to the involuntary passage of gastric contents into the esophagus. GER becomes GERD when it causes symptoms or complications. Common symptoms in infants include frequent vomiting, irritability, and failure to thrive. Diagnosis is usually made based on symptoms and history, though tests like pH probes and endoscopy may be used in some cases. Treatment focuses on positioning, thickening feeds, medications, and rarely surgery to reinforce the antireflux barrier.
Short Bowel syndrome Dr Habibur Rahim
Short bowel syndrome (SBS) occurs when extensive segments of the small intestine are resected, severely compromising absorptive capacity. It is a leading cause of intestinal failure in infants, with an incidence of 0.1-0.5% among live births and ICU admissions. The minimal length of small intestine needed to survive is 15-38 cm, though adaptation allows survival with even shorter lengths. Management involves total parenteral nutrition, optimizing enteral nutrition, and treating complications until the remnant intestine sufficiently adapts through processes like increased blood flow and growth. With current treatment, 80% of infants with SBS achieve full enteral nutrition within a year.
Hiatal Hernia.pptx
This document discusses hiatal hernia, including its definition, types, causes, symptoms, diagnostic tests, treatment options, nursing care, and potential complications. A hiatal hernia occurs when part of the stomach bulges through an opening in the diaphragm. It can be caused by factors like obesity, smoking, straining, or pregnancy. Symptoms include heartburn, regurgitation, and chest pain. Treatment involves medications to reduce acid production, surgery to repair the hiatal hernia, and lifestyle changes. Nursing care focuses on pain management, education, and preventing acid reflux.
Hernia
Search Results
Featured snippet from the web
A hernia is the abnormal exit of tissue or an organ, such as the bowel, through the wall of the cavity in which it normally resides. Hernias come in a number of types. Most commonly they involve the abdomen, specifically the groin. Groin hernias are most commonly of the inguinal type but may also be femoral
Inguinal hernia
Inguinal Hernia report 2013, during Surgery rotation of my Post Graduate Internship at the Veterans Memorial Medical Center
Diaphragmatic hernia
1) A diaphragmatic hernia is a defect in the diaphragm allowing contents from the abdomen to protrude into the chest cavity.
2) Congenital diaphragmatic hernias are the most common type and occur during fetal development when the diaphragm fails to fully form.
3) Infants present with respiratory distress and treatment involves aggressive respiratory support, surgical repair of the defect, and long term management of complications which can include GERD and intestinal issues.
Merkel's diverticulum
Meckel's diverticulum is the most common congenital abnormality of the gastrointestinal tract, affecting approximately 2% of the population. It is a true diverticulum that forms from incomplete closure of the vitelline duct during fetal development. Meckel's diverticulum can contain heterotopic gastric or pancreatic tissue which can lead to ulceration and bleeding. Clinical presentations include hemorrhage, intestinal obstruction, diverticulitis, and intussusception. Diagnosis is often made through scans like a Meckel's scan or CT scan, and treatment involves surgical resection of the diverticulum.
Chronic hepatits in children
Chronic hepatitis in children can be caused by viral infections like hepatitis B and C, autoimmune disorders, drug reactions, and metabolic diseases. Hepatitis B often becomes chronic if contracted as a newborn. It progresses through immune tolerant, immune active, and inactive carrier phases. Hepatitis C poses a high risk of chronicity in children. Autoimmune hepatitis involves liver inflammation from a misdirected immune response. Common drugs that can cause chronic liver injury include anti-tubercular and anticonvulsant medications. Metabolic diseases such as Wilson's disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis account for a significant percentage of chronic liver disease in children. Treatment depends on the underlying cause and may include antiviral therapy,
What is Dumping Syndrome?
Dumping syndrome is a set of a syndrome that can develop after gastric surgery due to rapid delivery of nutrients. Its symptoms can appear either within minutes of a meal or a few hours later. To get a detailed information on this, have a look at the attachment provided.
Celiac disease in children 2021
This document provides information on celiac disease in children, including its classification, epidemiology, etiology, clinical features, complications, management, prognosis and prevention. Celiac disease is a genetically predisposed autoimmune disease caused by an immune reaction to gluten, resulting in damage to the small intestine and inability to absorb nutrients. It commonly presents with diarrhea, failure to thrive and malnutrition. Diagnosis involves antibody testing and biopsy of the small intestine. The only treatment is a lifelong gluten-free diet, which can resolve symptoms and heal intestinal damage. Untreated celiac disease can lead to complications like anemia, osteoporosis and intestinal lymphoma.
Achalasia
Achalasia is a rare disorder of the esophagus that results from damaged nerves that control food movement. It causes difficulty swallowing and food getting stuck. The document discusses the causes, symptoms, tests used to diagnose (endoscopy, manometry), and treatments of achalasia. Treatments include medications to relax muscles, botox injections, balloon dilation procedures, and surgeries like Heller myotomy to cut the lower esophageal sphincter muscle.
Abdominal wall-defects
This document discusses various abdominal wall defects in infants. It describes omphalocele, where abdominal organs protrude into a sac through a defect in the abdominal wall near the umbilicus. Gastroschisis is defined as a defect to the right of the umbilicus where intestines directly eviscerate. Incidence, pathophysiology, clinical findings, associated anomalies, and treatment approaches like primary closure or staged closure using a silo are reviewed for each condition. Other rare defects discussed include umbilical hernia, prune belly syndrome, bladder exstrophy, pentalogy of Cantrell, and Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. Key differences between omphalocele and gastroschis
Bronchial asthma in children
Bronchial asthma in children is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways. It is characterized by recurrent episodes of wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness and coughing, particularly at night or in the early morning. These episodes are usually associated with reversible airflow obstruction. The document discusses the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of bronchial asthma in children. It outlines the goal of treatment as achieving and maintaining clinical control by preventing acute symptoms and disease recurrence while avoiding side effects. Treatment follows a step approach of increasing medication according to asthma severity.
acute abdomen
1. Acute abdominal pain has many potential causes that can be categorized by organ system affected or type of pain experienced.
2. A thorough history and physical exam is important to determine the likely cause and guide appropriate testing or treatment.
3. Common pediatric causes include gastroenteritis, appendicitis, urinary tract infections, while adolescent females should also be evaluated for gynecological issues.
What's hot (20)
GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease) in children
GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease) in children
Similar to Congenital pyloric-stenosis
Pyloric Stenosis
Congenital pyloric stenosis is a condition where the pylorus becomes enlarged, blocking food from exiting the stomach. It most commonly affects male infants and presents with non-bilious vomiting. Diagnosis is typically made by palpating an olive-shaped mass in the stomach or via ultrasound showing thickening of the pyloric muscle. Treatment involves pyloromyotomy surgery to divide the thickened muscle and allow food to pass through the pylorus.
Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis is a condition characterized by thickening of the pyloric muscle which causes projectile vomiting in infants usually starting around 3 weeks of age. It occurs more commonly in males and the risk is increased if the father also had IHPS. Diagnosis is suggested by symptoms and confirmed by ultrasound showing thickening of the pyloric wall over 4mm. Treatment involves rehydration followed by pyloromyotomy surgery to cut the thickened pyloric muscle and relieve the obstruction.
Hypertropic pyloric stenosis
This document discusses hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, which causes projectile vomiting in infants. It is caused by muscle thickening around the pylorus, narrowing the gastric outlet. Risk factors include being male, firstborn, and certain ethnicities/blood types. While the exact cause is unknown, genetic and environmental factors play a role. Diagnosis involves physical exam and ultrasound finding thickened pyloric muscles. Treatment is pyloromyotomy surgery to divide the thickened muscles. Complications can include perforation or incomplete treatment of symptoms.
Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis.pptx
Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis is a condition in infants where the pyloric muscle thickens, causing projectile vomiting. It is usually diagnosed between 4-8 weeks of age when vomiting becomes frequent and forceful. On physical exam, doctors may feel an olive-sized pyloric tumor. Ultrasound confirms the diagnosis by showing thickened pyloric muscles. The standard treatment is Ramstedt pyloromyotomy surgery to cut the thickened pyloric muscle. After resuscitation from dehydration, the surgery cures the condition and babies can resume feedings within a day.
GASTRIC OUTLET OBSTRUCTION.pptx
Gastric outlet obstruction has various causes, both benign and malignant. Benign causes include peptic ulcer disease and gastric polyps, while pancreatic cancer is the most common malignant cause. Patients present with non-bilious vomiting, weight loss, and dehydration. Diagnosis involves imaging studies and endoscopy. Treatment involves rehydration, nutritional support, and surgery if medical management fails or for malignant obstructions. Surgical options include vagotomy with gastrojejunostomy. Complications can include perforation from endoscopic procedures or anastomotic leak from surgery due to patient malnutrition.
5.Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis prp.pptx
Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis is a condition where the pyloric muscle of the stomach becomes enlarged. It most commonly affects young infants, usually appearing between 2-8 weeks of age. Boys are more frequently affected than girls. While the exact cause is unknown, both genetic and environmental factors are thought to play a role. The typical presentation is projectile vomiting after feeding that worsens over time. Diagnosis can often be made through physical exam where an olive-shaped mass may be felt in the stomach. Treatment involves pre-operative resuscitation followed by pyloromyotomy surgery to divide the thickened pyloric muscle.
Puerperium and lactation
Physiological Process that occur in a woman who has given birth up to 6wks postpartum, abnormal processes and their risk factors, clinical assessment and management
Lastly a brief review of anatomy of the breast
4. Gastric Cancer
This document provides information about the anatomy, blood supply, drainage, layers and cancer of the stomach. It describes the five parts of the stomach and their functions. It also discusses the predisposing factors, clinical presentation, investigations, staging, spread, management including surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, postoperative orders and complications of gastric cancer. Nursing diagnoses and management of a patient post-gastrectomy are also outlined.
Infantile Pyloric Stenosis.pptx
This document discusses infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (IHPS), a condition where the pylorus becomes thickened and obstructed. It presents in infants 2-8 weeks old with projectile vomiting. Risk factors include being male and a firstborn. Diagnosis involves physical exam finding an olive-sized mass and testing for metabolic alkalosis. Treatment is typically pyloromyotomy surgery to divide the thickened muscle. Post-op care focuses on rehydration and monitoring for complications like apnea.
Jejunal hemorrhagic syndrome
veterinary medicine
hemorrhagic bowel syndrome
enteritis in lactating cattle
clostridial infections
Congenital Abnormalities.pptx
This document discusses various congenital gastrointestinal abnormalities including cleft lip and palate, esophageal atresia, duodenal atresia, meconium ileus, imperforate anus, gastrochisis, exomphalos, and diaphragmatic hernia. It provides details on the incidence, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of each condition. Many birth defects require urgent surgical intervention, while others can be managed initially with feeding protocols and referral for later repair. A thorough examination is important as multiple abnormalities may be present in an individual.
Pyloric stenosis.pptx
Introduction
• Pyloric stenosis is also known as pylorostenosis or infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. It is the most common cause of intestinal obstruction in infants. It is a form of obstruction in the gastric outlet which means a blockage from stomach to intestine.
• It was First described by Hirschsprung in 1888
• Ramstedt described an operative procedure to alleviate the condition in 1907 – the procedure used to this day to treat pyloric stenosis.
Definition
• Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis is a marked and progressive outgrowth or enlargement of circular muscle fibers of pylorus causing partial or total obstruction of the stomach outlet due to narrowing of lumen.
Anatomy
The stomach sits in the upper abdomen on left side of the body. The top of the stomach connects to a valve called the esophageal sphincter (a muscle at the end of esophagus). The bottom of stomach connects to small intestine.
The stomach is divided into 5 regions:
• The cardia is the top part of the stomach. It contains the cardiac sphincter, which prevents food from traveling back up the esophagus.
• The fundus is a rounded section next to the cardia. It's below the diaphragm (the dome-shaped muscle that helps to breathe).
• The body (corpus) is the largest section of the stomach. In the body, stomach contracts and begins to mix food.
• The antrum lies below the body. It holds food until the stomach is ready to send it to your small intestine.
• The pylorus is the bottom part of the stomach. It includes the pyloric sphincter. This ring of tissue controls when and how stomach contents move to the small intestine.
Incidence
• It is more commonly seen in child with 2-5wks of age.
• 2-9 per 1000 livebirths can be born with this condition.
• Predominant sex: Male > Female (6:1). Males are more prone to get
• Genetic predisposition can be an underlying factor for disease causation.
• Full term babies especially first borne are most commonly affected.
• Death from infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis is rare and unexpected; the reported mortality rate is very low and usually results from delays in diagnosis with eventual dehydration and shock.
Etiology
• Idiopathic
• Other factors : *maternal stress especially in third trimester *elevated prostaglandin levels *deficiency of nitric acid *immature pyloric ganglion cells with abnormal muscle innervation.
• In adults, it can occur due to history of peptic ulcer in pylorus region and hypertrophic changes in muscle layer of pylorus.
Risk factors
• Sex. Pyloric stenosis is seen more often in boys — especially firstborn children — than in girls.
• Race. Pyloric stenosis is more common in whites of northern European ancestry, less common in Black people and rare in Asian
Hyperemesis gravidarum and its management
Please find the power point on Hyperemesis gravidarum and its managemen. I tried to present it on understandable way and all the contents are reviewed by experts and from very reliable references. Thank you
Pyloric stenosis.pptx
1. Pyloric stenosis is a condition where the pylorus, the muscle between the stomach and intestines, thickens and causes projectile vomiting in infants. It commonly affects baby boys in their first few months.
2. Congenital gastric outlet obstruction is a rare birth defect that blocks or narrows the passage from the stomach to the intestines, preventing food from passing through. It can cause vomiting, poor weight gain, and dehydration.
3. Both conditions require surgery to correct the obstruction - for pyloric stenosis, a pyloromyotomy to cut the thickened muscle. With prompt treatment, infants generally recover well without long-term issues.
ANTERIOR ABDOMINAL WALL DEFECTS.pptx
Abdominal wall defects like gastroschisis and omphalocele can cause significant morbidity. Gastroschisis is a defect of the abdominal wall to the right of the umbilical cord through which the intestine and sometimes other organs protrude without a sac. Omphalocele features herniated organs covered by a sac through a defect at the umbilical cord. Management involves prenatal diagnosis, stabilization after birth, and surgical repair. Outcomes have improved but intestinal complications remain challenges, and associated anomalies are common in omphalocele.
Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
for more information and get download version visit drarjunpawar.com Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
Salla disease
A 3 month old child presented with neonatal hepatitis and ascites. Initial tests showed liver damage and worsening liver function. Further testing found very high levels of sialic acid in the urine, suggesting Salla disease. Salla disease is a rare lysosomal storage disorder caused by a defect in sialic acid metabolism, characterized by ascites and liver involvement. The child was treated supportively but died from complications within two weeks.
Cholelithiasis
The document discusses cholelithiasis (gallstone disease). It describes the anatomy and physiology of the gallbladder, including its structure and function of storing and releasing bile. Gallstones form when there is a change in the composition of bile leading to precipitation of cholesterol, calcium, or bilirubin crystals. Risk factors include hereditary factors, obesity, rapid weight loss, and certain medical conditions. Symptoms include abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and jaundice. Treatment options include medical management with pain medications or stone dissolution agents, or surgical removal of the gallbladder via laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Obstructive jaundice in neonate.ppt
Obstructive jaundice in neonates can be caused by several conditions including biliary atresia, choledochal cysts, and inspissated bile. Biliary atresia, the most common cause, involves obstruction of the bile ducts inside or outside the liver. It is typically treated with the Kasai procedure to reconnect bile flow to the intestine or liver transplantation. Choledochal cysts are rare congenital cysts of the bile ducts that may cause pain, jaundice, and abdominal mass. Surgical excision and reconstruction is the primary treatment. Inspissated bile syndrome can also cause obstructive jaundice in newborns due to thickened bile but sometimes resolves spontaneously
Similar to Congenital pyloric-stenosis (20)
More from esam muhsen
Pneumonia
This document discusses pneumonia in children. Pneumonia is an infection of the lungs that makes it difficult for oxygen to reach the bloodstream. Symptoms can include fever, cough, trouble breathing, and chest pain. Pneumonia in children is usually caused by viruses, but sometimes bacteria. Diagnosis involves listening to the chest, x-rays, and blood tests. Treatment focuses on antibiotics for bacterial pneumonia, fever reduction, rest, and fluids. Children may need hospital care if they have breathing problems, fever, or another illness affecting their immune system.
Acute appendicitis
This document contains the name "Esam Muhsen Aloan" and indicates they were part of "Group D" in "Georgia- Kutaisi 2019".
menstrual cycle
The menstrual cycle typically occurs every 28 days and has 4 phases regulated by the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and ovaries. The follicular phase begins with low estrogen and involves follicle development stimulated by FSH and LH. Ovulation occurs around day 14 when an egg is released from the follicle. In the luteal phase, the empty follicle becomes the corpus luteum and secretes estrogen and progesterone to thicken the uterine lining. If no embryo implants, progesterone levels drop and menstruation begins, shedding the lining. Abnormal uterine bleeding refers to bleeding outside of normal parameters for duration, flow, or frequency.
Syphilis
Syphilis is a sexually transmitted bacterial infection caused by Treponema pallidum that causes genital sores. It can progress to more serious symptoms if left untreated and be passed from mother to baby. Primary syphilis presents as a firm, round ulcer called a chancre, usually in the genital area. Without treatment, it advances to secondary syphilis with a rash on the palms and soles. Tertiary syphilis is the most serious stage and can damage internal organs. Syphilis is easily treated with penicillin in early stages to prevent further complications.
Drugs used-in-peptic-ulcer
This document summarizes drugs used to treat peptic ulcers. It discusses how gastric acid secretion is regulated and the pathogenesis of peptic ulcers, including H. pylori infection and NSAID use. The main treatment approaches include eradicating H. pylori, reducing acid with H2 blockers or PPIs, and protecting the mucosa. H2 blockers and PPIs are the primary drug classes used. PPIs are more effective than H2 blockers. Other treatments mentioned include antibiotics, misoprostol, and antacids.
Public health
Public health involves protecting and improving the health of populations. It focuses on preventing disease and injury by considering factors that make entire groups of people healthy or unhealthy. Some key goals of public health include disease prevention and control, ensuring clean air and water, and promoting healthy lifestyle choices and environments. Historically, public health efforts have led to the elimination of many infectious diseases through immunization and improved living standards, air quality, traffic safety, and access to healthcare. However, Iraq still faces some health challenges like epidemics, pollution, and lack of clean drinking water due to corruption and conflict.
More from esam muhsen (6)
Recently uploaded
REGULATION FOR COMBINATION PRODUCTS AND MEDICAL DEVICES.pptx
It includes regulation of combination products and medical devices. FDA and industry liaisons.
A Classical Text Review on Basavarajeeyam
Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptx
• Pitfalls and pivots needed to use AI effectively in public health
• Evidence-based strategies to address health misinformation effectively
• Building trust with communities online and offline
• Equipping health professionals to address questions, concerns and health misinformation
• Assessing risk and mitigating harm from adverse health narratives in communities, health workforce and health system
Efficacy of Avartana Sneha in Ayurveda
Avartana Sneha is a unique method of Preparation of Sneha Kalpana in Ayurveda, mainly it is indicated for the Vataja rogas.
Role of Mukta Pishti in the Management of Hyperthyroidism
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
Part II - Body Grief: Losing parts of ourselves and our identity before, duri...
Learn about body grief and ways to cope with it. We will also explore methods to heal from this challenging experience.
Best Ayurvedic medicine for Gas and Indigestion
Here is the updated list of Top Best Ayurvedic medicine for Gas and Indigestion and those are Gas-O-Go Syp for Dyspepsia | Lavizyme Syrup for Acidity | Yumzyme Hepatoprotective Capsules etc
Top-Vitamin-Supplement-Brands-in-India List
Swisschem Dermacare provides the Top 10 Vitamin Supplement Brands in India. To know more about us give us call at our official number
Phone Us ❤8107221448❤ #ℂall #gIRLS In Dehradun By Dehradun @ℂall @Girls Hotel...
Phone Us ❤8107221448❤ #ℂall #gIRLS In Dehradun By Dehradun @ℂall @Girls Hotel...chandankumarsmartiso
Phone Us ❤8107221448❤ #ℂall #gIRLS In Dehradun By Dehradun @ℂall @Girls Hotel With 100% Satisfaction
#cALL# #gIRLS# In Dehradun ꧁❤8107221448❤꧂#cALL# #gIRLS# Service In Dehradun W...
#cALL# #gIRLS# In Dehradun ꧁❤8107221448❤꧂#cALL# #gIRLS# Service In Dehradun W...chandankumarsmartiso
#cALL# #gIRLS# In Dehradun ꧁❤8107221448❤꧂#cALL# #gIRLS# Service In Dehradun Women Seeking Service
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic Approach
Explore the benefits of combining Ayurveda with conventional Parkinson's treatments. Learn how a holistic approach can manage symptoms, enhance well-being, and balance body energies. Discover the steps to safely integrate Ayurvedic practices into your Parkinson’s care plan, including expert guidance on diet, herbal remedies, and lifestyle modifications.
TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by...
TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler, Verified Chapters 1 - 33, Complete Newest Version Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler, Verified Chapters 1 - 33, Complete Newest Version Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition TEST BANK by Stamler Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Chapters Download Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Download Stuvia Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Study Guide Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Ebook Download Stuvia Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Questions and Answers Quizlet Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Studocu Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Quizlet Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Chapters Download Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Download Course Hero Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Answers Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Ebook Download Course hero Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Questions and Answers Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Studocu Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Pdf Chapters Download Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Pdf Download Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Study Guide Questions and Answers Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Ebook Download Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Questions Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Studocu Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Stuvia
Light House Retreats: Plant Medicine Retreat Europe
Our aim is to organise conscious gatherings and retreats for open and inquisitive minds and souls, with and without the assistance of sacred plants.
Novas diretrizes da OMS para os cuidados perinatais de mais qualidade
Novas diretrizes da OMS para os cuidados perinatais de mais qualidadeProf. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Histololgy of Female Reproductive System.pptx
Dive into an in-depth exploration of the histological structure of female reproductive system with this comprehensive lecture. Presented by Dr. Ayesha Irfan, Assistant Professor of Anatomy, this presentation covers the Gross anatomy and functional histology of the female reproductive organs. Ideal for students, educators, and anyone interested in medical science, this lecture provides clear explanations, detailed diagrams, and valuable insights into female reproductive system. Enhance your knowledge and understanding of this essential aspect of human biology.
Recently uploaded (20)
REGULATION FOR COMBINATION PRODUCTS AND MEDICAL DEVICES.pptx
REGULATION FOR COMBINATION PRODUCTS AND MEDICAL DEVICES.pptx
Thyroid Gland- Gross Anatomy by Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
Thyroid Gland- Gross Anatomy by Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptx
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptx
Role of Mukta Pishti in the Management of Hyperthyroidism
Role of Mukta Pishti in the Management of Hyperthyroidism
Part II - Body Grief: Losing parts of ourselves and our identity before, duri...
Part II - Body Grief: Losing parts of ourselves and our identity before, duri...
Phone Us ❤8107221448❤ #ℂall #gIRLS In Dehradun By Dehradun @ℂall @Girls Hotel...
Phone Us ❤8107221448❤ #ℂall #gIRLS In Dehradun By Dehradun @ℂall @Girls Hotel...
#cALL# #gIRLS# In Dehradun ꧁❤8107221448❤꧂#cALL# #gIRLS# Service In Dehradun W...
#cALL# #gIRLS# In Dehradun ꧁❤8107221448❤꧂#cALL# #gIRLS# Service In Dehradun W...
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic Approach
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic Approach
TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by...
TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by...
Light House Retreats: Plant Medicine Retreat Europe
Light House Retreats: Plant Medicine Retreat Europe
Novas diretrizes da OMS para os cuidados perinatais de mais qualidade
Novas diretrizes da OMS para os cuidados perinatais de mais qualidade
Congenital pyloric-stenosis
- 1. Congenital Pyloric Stenosis Made by : Esam muhsin : Ameer azeez 21/03/2017
- 2. Gastric Outlet Obstruction • is non-bilious vomiting • Other signs include abdominal distention and bleeding from secondary inflammation • Most common cause of non-bilious vomiting is infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
- 3. Pyloric Stenosis • First described by Hirschsprung in 1888 • Ramstedt described an operative procedure to alleviate the condition in 1907 – the procedure used to this day to treat pyloric stenosis
- 4. Pyloric Stenosis • 3/1000 live births – frequency may be increasing • Most common in whites of Northern European ancestry, less common in African Americans and rare in Asians • Four times more common in males – especially firstborn • Increased in infants with type B or O blood groups
- 5. Etiology • Cause is unknown, but abnormal muscle innervation, breast feeding and maternal stress in the 3rd trimester have been implicated • Elevated serum PG’s, reduced levels of pyloric nitric oxide synthase and infant hypergastrinemia have been found
- 6. Clinical Manifestations • Non-bilious vomiting is the initial symptom • May or may not be projectile initially • Usually progressive, occurs immediately after a feeding • Vomiting usually starts after 3 wks of age, but may develop as early as 1st week and as late as the 5th month
- 7. Clinical Manifestations • After vomiting, infant is hungry and wants to feed again • Progressive loss of fluid, hydrogen ion and chloride leads to a hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis. • Serum K levels are maintained • Greater awareness has led to earlier diagnosis
- 8. Clinical Manifestations • Jaundice occurs in 5% of infants with pyloric stenosis – associated with a decreased level of glucuronyl transferase
- 9. Diagnosis
- 10. Diagnosis • Diagnosis traditionally made by palpation of mass • Firm, movable, approx 2 cm in length, olive shaped and best palpated from the left Mass located above and to the right of the umbilicus in the midepigastrum beneath the liver edge • Peristaltic wave may be present prior to emesis
- 11. Treatment • Preoperative treatment is directed toward correcting the fluid/acid-base and electrolyte imbalances. • Correction of the alkalosis is essential to prevent postoperative apnea • Surgery is the treatment of choice – Ramstedt pyloromyotomy
- 12. Treatment • Ramstedt pyloromyotomy – performed through a short transverse incision or laparoscopically • Underlying pyloric mass is split without cutting the mucosa and the incision is closed • Post-op vomiting occurs in ½ the patients and thought to be due to edema of the pylorus • Feedings can usually be initiated within 12-24 hours
- 13. Treatment • Persistent vomiting suggests an incomplete pyloromyotomy, gastritis, GERD. • Surgical treatment is curative with a low mortality rate
- 14. Thank you
Editor's Notes
- بيبسينوجين