Reporters conduct two types of interviews: news interviews for information gathering and profile interviews focused on individuals, supported by a news peg. Preparation involves thorough research, establishing rapport, and crafting relevant questions while being sensitive to the interviewee's perspective. Successful interviews yield insightful stories, and techniques include open-ended questions, observation of the subject's environment, and seeking perspectives from their associates.

1. CONDUCTING
INTERVIEWS

2. Reporters conduct two kinds of interviews:
∙ News interview: The purpose is to gather information to explain an
idea event or situation in the news.
∙ Profile: The focus is on an individual. A news peg often is used to
justify the profile.

3. 1. Prepare carefully, familiarizing yourself with as much background as possible.
2. Establish a relationship with the source conducive to obtaining information.
3. Ask questions that are relevant to the source and that induce the source to talk.
4. Listen and watch attentively

4. Preparation
1. Do research on the interview topic and the person to be interviewed, not only so you can ask the right questions and
understand the answers, but also so you can demonstrate to the interviewee that
you have taken the time to understand the subject and also that you cannot easily be fooled.
2, Devise a tentative theme for your story. A major purpose of the interview will be to obtain quotes, anecdotes and
other evidence to support that theme.
3. List question topics in advance ⎯ as many as you can think of, even though you may not ask all of them and almost
certainly will ask others that you do not list.
4. In preparing for interviews on sensitive subjects, theorize about what the person's attitude is likely to be toward you
and the subject you are asking about, What is his or her role in the event? Whose side is he or she on? What kinds of
answers can you logically expect to your key questions? Based on this theorizing, develop a plan of attack that you think
might mesh with the person's probable attitude and get through his or her probable defenses.

5. The Questions
Direct Questions
Open- and Closed-Ended Questions
Tough Questions

6. Good interviews make for good stories. They provide insights into people and events. Here is some advice from practitioners
of the trade,
Helen Benedict, author of a book on writing profiles, says: “People who are interviewed a lot get tired of the same old
questions. You want to stand out as an interviewer and get a good story, and that depends on preparation and intelligence.”
Benedict writes out her questions and takes her list with her to the interview. During the interview, she gently guides her
subject after establishing his or her trust. “Don't interrupt too much, and don't challenge too early so the person is put on the
defensive. Don't talk too much.”
She likes to interview in her subjects' homes so she can observe their clothes, objects on walls and desks-their taste. She
watches their mannerisms, how they move, sit, drink their coffee, answer the phone, speak to others.
To get at the person behind the personality, good interviewers talk to the friends, associates, relatives of the subject. Samuel
Johnson, the brilliant
18thcentury English writer, advised writers that “more knowledge may be gained of a man's real character by a short
conversation with one of his
servants than from a formal and studied narrative, begun with his pedigree and ended with his funeral.”