This document defines partnership, collaboration, and teamwork in healthcare. It discusses different types of healthcare groups including self-awareness, dyads, groups, and teams. Various nursing care delivery systems are also outlined such as functional nursing, team nursing, differentiated practice, and primary nursing. Key elements for successful collaboration include communication skills, mutual respect and trust, and shared decision-making. Building a collaborative team environment requires developing trust, clarifying roles, open communication, appreciating diversity, and balancing the team's focus.

1. PRINCIPLES OF PARTNERSHIP,
COLLABORATION, AND TEAMWORK

2. OBJECTIVES
❑ Define partnership, collaboration, and teamwork
❑ Discuss the types of health care groups: self-awareness, dyad,
group, and team

3. DEFINITION
1. Partnership – state of being a partner & an association of
two or more people as partner. Or the nurse
responsibility to be prepared to partner with client,
family, & community to provide quality & access to
appropriate health care services.
2. Collaboration – a collegial working relationship with
another health care provider in the promotion of health
care.
3. Teamwork – the ability to function effectively within the
nursing and interpersonal team, fostering open
communication, mutual respect, & shared decision-
making.

4. TYPES OF HEALTH CARE GROUPS:
1. Self-awareness
−
Relationship between one’s perception of oneself & others
perception of oneself.
−
Purpose: to develop or use interpersonal
strengths.
− They learn the groupprocess through
participation, involvement, & guided exercises.
2. DYAD
− Two person’s groups.

5. TYPES OF HEALTH CARE GROUPS:
3. Group
▶ - Two or more people who have shared needs & goals, who take
each other into account in their actions & set apart from others
by virtue of their interactions.

6. dynamics – communication that
place between members of any
GROUP
TAKES
GROUP.
Function of group dynamics:
❑ Develop & modify its structure for
effectiveness.
❑ Maintain a degree of unity and
cohesion.
❑ Accomplish the goals.

7. TYPES OF HEALTH CARE GROUPS:
4. Team
− Delivery of coordinated care to
individual clients by a group of
health providers.

8. NURSING CARE DELIVERY SYSTEMS
▶ • Provide structure for delivering care
▶ • Assess care needs
▶ • Formulate plan of care
▶ • Implement plan
▶ • Evaluate patient’s responses

9. CHALLENGES OF DELIVERY SYSTEMS
▶ • Effectiveness
▶ • Cost efficiency
▶ • Quality
▶ • Needs of consumers and practitioners

10. NURSING CARE DELIVERY SYSTEMS
▶ Functional Nursing
▶ • RNs, LPNs, and UAPs are assigned different tasks
▶ • RNs assess patients
▶ • Other staff give baths, make beds, take vital signs, administer treatments
▶
Advantages:
• Staff become efficient at performing
assigned tasks
Disadvantages:
• Uneven continuity
• Lack of holistic understanding of
patient
• Problems with follow-up

11. NURSING CARE DELIVERY SYSTEMS
▶ Team Nursing
▶ • Team of nursing personnel provides total care to a group of patients
▶ • RN leads team that may include other RNs, LPNs, and UAPs
▶ • Team leaders must be skilled in delegating, communicating, problem solving
▶ • All members of effective teams are good communicators
▶
Advantages:
• LPNs and UAPs perform tasks that don’t
require RN’s expertise
• Care is more easily coordinated
• Saves steps and time
Disadvantages:
• Time needed for communicating,
supervising, and coordinating team members
• Affect of changes in team leaders,
members, and assignments on continuity of
care
• Total patient not considered by any one
person
• Role confusion and resentment
• Less control for nurses over assignments
• Possibility of unequal assignments

12. NURSING CARE DELIVERY SYSTEMS
▶ Differentiated Practice
▶ • Structure of roles and functions differentiated by nurses’ education,
experience, and competence
▶ • Roles, responsibilities, and tasks defined for professional nurses, licensed
practical nurses, and unlicensed assistive personnel
▶ Patient-Centered Care
▶ • Nurse coordinates team of multifunctional, unit-based caregivers
▶ • All patient care services are unit based
▶ • Focus is decentralization, promotion of efficiency and quality, and cost
control

13. TEAM/MODULAR NURSING
▶ Total Patient Care
▶ • RN is responsible for all aspects of care for one or more patients
Advantages:
• Continuous, holistic, expert nursing
care
• Total accountability
• Continuity of communication
Disadvantages:
• RNs perform tasks that could be
done more cost-effectively by less
skilled persons

14. TEAM/MODULAR NURSING
▶ Primary Nursing
▶ • RN designs, implements, and is responsible for nursing care for duration of
the patient’s stay on the unit
Advantages:
• Knowledge-based practice model
• Decentralization of decisions, authority, and
responsibility
• 24-hour accountability
• Improved continuity and coordination of care
• Increased nurse, patient, and physician
satisfaction
Disadvantages:
• Excellent communication required
• Accountability of associate nurses
• Patient transfers disrupt continuity of
care
• Compensation and legal responsibility
for staff nurses
• Unwillingness of associates to take
direction

15. TEAM/MODULAR NURSING
▶ Practice Partnerships
▶ • RN and partner (UAP, LPN, or less experienced RN) work together on same
schedule with same group of patients
Advantages:
• Improved continuity of care and
accountability for care
Disadvantages:
• Decreased ratio of RNs to
nonprofessional staff
• Potential for junior team members
to assume too much responsibility

16. TEAM/MODULAR NURSING
▶ Case Management
▶ • Case manager supervises care provided by licensed and unlicensed nursing personnel
▶ • Critical pathways provide direction for managing care of specific patients
▶ Clinical Microsystems
▶ • Small unit of care that maintains itself
▶ • Dynamic, interactive, self-aware, and interdependent
▶ • Proven to improve teamwork, communication, and continuity of care
▶ Other Innovative Systems of Care
▶ • Segmenting hospital into smaller units
▶ • Primary Care Team model
▶ • Collaborative Patient Care Team model
▶ • Transitional Care model • Hospital at Home model

17. HOW TO BUILD A COLLABORATIVE TEAM
ENVIRONMENT
▶ DEVELOP AND PRACTICE THE FOLLOWING:
▶ 1. Trust: Be honest; work to eliminate conflicts of interest; avoid talking behind each other’s
back; trust teammates (you must trust them before they will trust you); give team members the
benefit of the doubt.
▶ 2. Clarify Roles: Review team member roles frequently; clarify responsibilities when action
planning; relate team member expectations to team’s overall purpose; figure out ways to help
each other.
▶ 3. Communicate Openly & Effectively: Work to clear up misunderstandings quickly and
accurately; seek to understand all perspectives; err on the side of over communicating;
reinforce and recognize team member efforts. Learn to listen well.
▶ 4. Appreciate Diversity of Ideas: Evaluate a new idea based on its merits; remember that
reasonable people can and do differ with one another; avoid remarks that draw negative
attention to a person’s unique characteristics; don’t ignore the differences among team
members; try to learn as much as you can from others.
▶ 5. Balance the Team’s Focus: Regularly review and evaluate the effectiveness of team
meetings; design individual performance goals that emphasize both results and teamwork;
praise individual effort; assign specific team members to monitor task needs and others to
monitor relationship needs; hold team celebrations for achieving results.
▶ —Adapted from Belgrad, W., Fisher, K., & Rayner, S. (1995). Tips for Teams: A Ready Reference
for Solving Common Team Problems. McGraw-Hill: New York.

18. THE NURSE AS A COLLABORATOR
WITH NURSE
COLLEAGUES
•
•
Shares personal expertise with other nurses and elicits the
expertise of others to ensure quality client care.
Develops a sense of trust and mutual respect with peers that
recognizes their unique contributions.
WITH OTHER HEALTH CARE
PROFESSIONALS
•
•
•
• Recognizes the contribution that each member of the
interprofessional team can make by virtue of his or her
expertise and view of the situation.
Listens to each individual’s views.
Shares health care responsibilities in exploring options, setting
goals, and making decisions with clients and families. Participates in
collaborative interprofessional research to increase knowledge of a
clinical problem or situation.

19. WITH PROFESSIONAL NURSING ORGANIZATIONS
•
•
•
Seeks opportunities to collaborate with and within
professional organizations.
Serves on committees in state and national nursing
organizations or specialty groups.
Supports professional organizations in political action to
create solutions for professional and health care concerns.
WITH LEGISLATORS
• Offers expert opinions on legislative initiatives
related to health care.
• Collaborates with other health care providers &
consumers on health care legislation to best serve the
needs of the public.

20. Keyelements
NECESSARY
FOR
collaboration:
1. Communication skills
2. Mutual respect & trust
3. Decision-making

21. THANK YOU