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Patient assignment method
- 1. Mrs. Anu Abraham, Professor, LourdesCollege of Nursing
- 2. INTRODUCTION The concept oforganization comes from business and management. Organization originally meant the process of organizing an organization. Organizing is one of the functions in the managerial theory of leadership, and it is now considered an important leadership strategy. Organization refers to the institution itself and the setting in which the leader functions
- 3. MEANING The term organizationis derived from the word ‘ organism’ which means a structure of body divided into parts that are held together by a fabric of relationship as one organic whole. Organization is the act of organizing or the state of being organized. It also refers to an organized structure as a whole.
- 4. According to Urwick… Organization as a structure Organization as a group of people Organization as a process
- 5. DEFINITIONS An identifiablegroup of people contributing their efforts towards the attainment of goals is called an organization -Mc Farland A group of people who are cooperating under the direction of leadership for the accomplishment of a common end
- 6. PRINCIPLES Hierarchy Spanof control Integration Vs disintegration Centralization Vs decentralization Unity of command Delegation
- 7. Organization as asystem Organization in which most of the managers operate is a system, comprised of many interrelated subsystems. The term system can be defined as a whole, set of connected things or parts. It is also viewed as a collection of interrelated parts which receives inputs, acts upon them in an organized or planned manner and thereby produces certain outputs.
- 8. Classic system elements Input Input Input ThroughputOutput Outcome Feedback
- 9. Characteristics of organizationas a system • Organizations, as a open system constantly seek and import on both human and material forms and transform these inputs into products and services using internal, social and technological processes. • Organizations export their products to external environments and these outputs usually become inputs of other organizations. • Organizations become more complex due to structural differences and specializations, therefore the coordination and control become more elaborate.
- 10. Contd… Feedback aboutthe environmental responses is used to keep the system in pace with regard to its goals and functioning of its subunits. Organization as a system depends upon effective functioning of the parts called subsystems Organization seeks equilibrium or a stable state both internally and externally.
- 11. Hospital as anopen system Hospital being a part of a large system of health care delivery system is an open sub system. Health care delivery system as a large system transforms the general resources into special services to meet their demand and needs , i.e the health of the people at large.
- 12. Subsystems in hospital The activities of the hospital are divided into four major components 1. General administration 2. Clinical and nursing 3. Supportive services 4. Utility services
- 13. •Financial •Material •personal Medical services, In patients, Out patients,nursing services: In patients, Out patients Emergency •Dietary •Linen •Public relation •Housekeeping •Fire services •others •Laboratories •Pharmacy •Research medical records •Engineering •others geCLIENT General administration Supportive services Utility service s Medical and nursing services SUBSYSTEM IN HOSPITAL
- 14. Nursing department asa system Power authority sub-system Communication sub-system Work flow sub-system Rewards and punishment sub-system Role sub-system Social sub-system Individual personality sub-system
- 15. Sub systems goals Nursing department (Asa system) Sub – systems Goals Nursing unit Communication Nursing Nursing staffing Nursing Roles Work environment Sub- system
- 16.
- 17. Principles of nursingorganization Unity of objectives Hierarchy or scalar or chain of command Span of control Authority and responsibility Delegation of authority Integration vs disintegration Centralization and decentralization Unity of command Coordination Division of work and specialization Principle of flexibility Principle of simplicity Principle of balance and of continuity Principle of leadership and efficiency
- 18. Functions of nursingorganization Increases managerial and administrative efficiency It assigns the job to all the persons according to their abilities and tasks Increases production and productivity Establish harmonious relationship between superiors and subordinates Encouragement of specialization Training and development Better coordination Provides opportunity for growth and diversification Increases morale Provides optimum use of technological improvement job satisfaction Optimum use of resources
- 19. Features of nursing organization Hierarchy or scalar principle Unity of command Span of control Division of labor and specialization Authority Delegation of authority Responsibility Accountability Centralization Decentralization
- 20. NURSING DELIVERY SYSTEMS Nursingdelivery systems are types of organizations at the unit level. The nurse-leader must consider all the components of organization, regardless of the delivery system in which she functions.
- 21. CASE METHOD ORTOTAL PATIENT CARE One nurse is accountable for the total care one or two patients. In this method a nurse is expected to provide complete nursing care to the patient including general nursing care, treatment, administering medications, checking diet and other miscellaneous activities. Registered Nurse Patient
- 22. Advantages More individualizednursing care Better nurse-patient relationship Comprehensive care Patients feel more secure Opportunity for nursing education is superior Job satisfaction of the nurse attending the patient is achieved because
- 23. Disadvantages High cost Need qualified professional nurses
- 24. FUNCTIONAL METHOD Onenurse is assigned with certain tasks to be performed for all patients in the nursing unit. Head Nurse Nurse’s AidRegistered Nurse Licensed practical nurse Patients
- 25. Advantages Simple toget work done Less confusion Skill in assigned task Procedure manuals are followed closely More production and low cost Less equipment needed
- 26. Disadvantages Patient hasno assigned nurse Fragmentation of patient care assignment Patient’s total needs are not considered Minimizes task development Emphasis of things to be done
- 27. TEAM METHOD Careand management of a group of patients are delegated to a professional nurse who assigns care of team members. Team leader assigned to care for a group of patients Delegates the care of each patient to a nurse Team leader reports to the charge nurse Team leader is responsible for care planning Team leader does all documentation Head Nurse Team Leader Team Leader RN LPNNA PatientsPatients RNLPN NA
- 28. Advantages Utilization ofall team members in planning executing, decision making and evaluating which contribute to members development Enhances job satisfaction, results in better patient care Charge nurse has time for overall supervision
- 29. Disadvantages Unstable staffingpatterns make a team nursing is difficult Team leader must have complex skills and knowledge Less individual responsibility and independence regarding nursing functions
- 30. PRIMARY CARE NURSINGMETHOD A professional nurse is delegated as primary care nurse for patients from admission to discharge New patient care approach A professional nurse take care of a group of patients (4 to 6) Plans care for complete 24 hours and writes nursing care plan Care for patients from admission to discharge Charge nurse assigns new admissions to primary care nurse
- 31. PRIMARY CARE NURSINGMETHOD Head Nurse Patients Primary nurses
- 32. Advantages Satisfaction forpatients and nurses Nurses have the opportunity to function autonomously as professionals and use their capacities Leads to better staff development, enhanced quality care
- 33. Disadvantages High cost Nurses need preparation for and interest in primary nursing The quality of care depend on the ongoing nursing care plans clarity of direction and the ability of the primary care nurse Associate nurse may be unwilling to follow up primary plan of care
- 34. MODULAR NURSING Modularnursing staff are geographically assigned to patients for whom they coordinate and provide comprehensive care
- 35. MODULAR NURSING METHOD HeadNurse Patients RN-District Leader and RN RN-District Leader RN-District Leader and LPN
- 36. Advantages Better communicationand cooperation among staff and less time spent walking between patients Easier for less experienced nurses because they have other nurses directly available to them for support More nursing productivity Less time spent in direct nursing care
- 37. Disadvantages Accountability Lesspatient satisfaction
- 38.