The document discusses the concepts of human security and traditional state security. It notes that human security focuses on protecting individuals, not just states, and individuals are the referents of security rather than securitizing actors as in traditional security. It also discusses how Islam supports the concept of human security through concepts of human rights in the Quran. The document then analyzes issues affecting human security in Pakistan, including violations of civil liberties, religious discrimination, violence against women and journalists, and child abuse. It discusses the role of the Human Rights Commission of Pakistan and other NGOs in promoting human rights.

1. Presented By:
Attroba Adan – 001
BS. MCM (VI)
Presented to:
Sir Haseeb Sarwar

2. According to Lloyd Axworthy:
“ The concept of human security does not oust or replace the traditional security
concept. Both concepts represents rather different ideas how to respond to existing
threats. The basis of the traditional security concept is sovereignty of a state,
while the basis of the concept of human security is sovereignty of an individual.”
HUMAN SECURITY

3. There is yet another
difference between a state
and an individual in the
domain of security.
In the human security
paradigm, an individual
is referent to security
but not a securitizing
actor.
In the traditional
security paradigm, a
state is both a referent
to security and a
securitizing actor.
PARADIGM DIFFERENCE

4. ISLAM AND HUMAN SECURITY
The word “Islam” literally means “peace”. Peace and security are used synonymously
when practically applied to inter-state and inter-human affairs. Thus, Islam signifies
peace and stands for security.
The Quranic concept of human rights is a complete paradigm of human security. A
number of Ahadith (sayings) of Holy Prophet (PBUH) refer to what we understand
today as the concept of human security.

5. UNITED NATIONS CHARTER FOR
HUMAN RIGHTS
Born out of the ashes of
World War (II), the UN
was overwhelmed by the
shadows of war and thus
stated security from the
beginning.
“We, the peoples of United
Nations are determined to save
succeeding generations from
the scourge of war, which twice
in our lifetime has brought
untold sorrow to mankind…”

6. HUMAN SECURITY AND HUMAN RIGHTS
Human security and human rights both are, however, used and
understood by some as interchangeable terms. There are
concrete threads linking both, human security is an umbrella term
that encompasses human rights also in its broader folds.

7. TYPES OF HUMAN SECURITY AND
RELATED THREATS
Economic Security
Access to secure
and employment
Health Security
Access to curative
medicines and clean
water
Food Security
Physical and economic
access to food
Persistent poverty,
Unemployment
Unsafe food,
Malnutrition
Hunger,
Famine

8. Community security
Protection of
and ethnic groups
Personal security
Safety against violence
and crime
Environmental
degradation
Identity based tensions
Physical violence
Political security
Right to vote
Environmental security
Protection of land, air
and water
Human rights abuses

9. HUMAN SECURITY in PAKISTAN
The situation of human security in Pakistan is complex as a result of the country's:
• Diverse and large population.
• Its status as a developing country.
• A sovereign, Islamic republic as well as
• An Islamic democracy with a mixture of both Islamic and secular laws.

10. The Constitution of Pakistan provides for fundamental rights which include:
• Freedom of speech
• Freedom of thought
• Freedom of religion
• Freedom of association
• Freedom of the press
• Freedom of assembly and
• Freedom of movement within the country and abroad.
However it is debatable how much this freedom is respected in practice.
CONT.

11.  Although Pakistan was created to uphold the principles of democracy, military
takeovers in Pakistan are commonplace, and for most of its history after
independence has been ruled by military dictators who declare themselves
president.
 The Pakistani general election, 2013 were the first elections in the country where
there was a constitutional transfer of power from one civilian government to
another.
 Elections in Pakistan although being partially free, are rife with irregularities
including vote rigging, use of threats and coercion, discrimination between
Muslim and non-Muslim and many other violations.
MILITARY OVERTAKE

12.  Though the Constitution includes adequate accommodation for Pakistan’s
religious minorities, in practice non-Sunni Muslims face religious discrimination
in both the public and private spheres.
 Attacks against Shia Muslims, who make up between 5–20% of Pakistani Muslims,
have also become commonplace.
RELIGIOUS MINORITIES

13.  Forced conversions of religious minorities to Islam occurred at the hands of
societal actors.
 A 2014 report says about 1,000 Christian and Hindu women in Pakistan are
forcibly converted to Islam every year.
 Religious minorities claimed that government actions to stem the problem were
inadequate.
FORCED CONVERSION

14.  According to a study carried out in 2009 by Human Rights Watch, it is estimated
that between 70 and 90 percent of women and girls in Pakistan have suffered
some form of abuse.
 An estimated 5000 women are killed per year from domestic violence, with
thousands of others disabled.
 However, law enforcement authorities do not view domestic violence as a crime
and usually refuse to register any cases brought to them.
DOMESTIC VIOLENCE

15.  Journalists face widespread threats and violence in the country, making Pakistan
one of the worst countries to be a journalist in, with 61 being killed since
September 2001 and at least 6 murdered in 2013 alone.
 In general freedom of the press is allowed but any reports critical of the
government policy or critical of the military is censored.
FREEDOM OF PRESS

16.  The government often ignores abuses against children.
 Child marriage remains a serious concern in Pakistan, with 21 percent of girls
marrying before the age of 18.
 The social acceptance of such problems hinders their eradication.
ABUSE AGAINST CHILDREN

17. HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSION OF PAKISTAN
 The Human Right Commission of Pakistan (HRCP) was established in 1987 as an
independent non-government organization.
 The HRCP has played a leading role in providing a highly informed and objective
voice on a national level in the struggle for the provision of human rights for all
in Pakistan.

18.  To work for the ratification and implementation of the Universal Declaration of Human
Rights.
 To promote research and studies in the field of human rights and to mobilize public opinion
in favor of accepted norms through all available media forums.
 To cooperate with and aid national and international groups, organizations and individuals
engaged in the promotion of human rights .
 To take appropriate action to prevent violations of human rights.
MISSION OF HRCP

19. Many Pakistani human rights organizations have assumed some of the conventional
roles of human rights activism:
 Monitoring
 Standard setting
 Promotion
 Enforcement and lobbying for legal reform
ROLE OF NGO’S

20.  In addition to these conventional roles, human rights organizations in Pakistan
have also helped in the creation and development of grassroots organizations
which aim to better utilize local productive resources.
 They also assist communities in asserting their rights and raising community
awareness and expectations, particularly in the tribal areas of Pakistan.
 They help create not only the means for community organizing but also for
community self-defense.
CONT.

21. ABSOLUTE SECURITY
The attainment of
absolute security in the
human society is a
difficult proposition in
the world where
various actors are
playing their role,
positive and negative.
Is there any country in
the world where
people enjoy total
security?
USA?
But it has one of the
worrisome crime
statistics in the world.
And so on…..

22. ANALYSIS
Human security can be analyzed on
comparative basis.
A person living in a
developed country,
despite the state of
crime, has better access
to justice and
opportunities.
Conversely, a person
living in a poor country
would have issues even
with the basis of life
including food, health,
security of life and
property etc.
Thus, security needs to be managed in a manner that people enjoy at
least relative security if not absolute security.