This document provides an overview of human rights violations. It begins with definitions of direct and indirect violations by states as well as failures to protect vulnerable groups. A brief history notes that while the Universal Declaration of Human Rights established equal rights in 1948, violations still occur daily in many parts of the world. Major examples of violations in India are then discussed, including caste-based discrimination, communal violence, restrictions on freedom of expression and association, and violence against women and children. The document concludes with recommendations for protecting human rights such as speaking up, volunteering, donating to organizations, and standing up against discrimination.

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NAME:NAKUL R KARNIK
CLASS:FYBBI
DIVISION: A
SUBJECT: FOUNDATION COURSE
TOPIC:VIOLATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS

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INDEX
PG NO TOPIC
1 COVER PAGE
2 INDEX
3 DEFINITION AND TYPES OF HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATION
4 BRIEF HISTORY
5 HUMAN RIGHT VIOLATION
6 FEW MAJOR HUMAN RIGHT VIOLATION IN INDIA
7 WAYS TO PROTECT & SUPPORT HUMAN RIGHTS
8 VOLUNTEER OR DONATE TO A GLOBAL ORGANISATION
9 STAND UP AGAINST DISCRIMINATION
10 REFERENCE

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Definition and types of human rights violations
A state commits human rights violations either directly or indirectly.
Violations can either be intentionally performed by the state and or
come as a result of the state failing to prevent the violation. When a
state engages in human rights violations, various actors can be
involved such as police, judges, prosecutors, government officials,
and more. The violation can be physically violent in nature, such as
police brutality, while rights such as the right to a fair trial can also be
violated, where no physical violence is involved.
The second type of violation – failure by the state to protect – occurs
when there’s a conflict between individuals or groups within a society.
If the state does nothing to intervene and protect vulnerable people
and groups, it’s participating in the violations. In the United States,
the state failed to protect black Americans when lynchings frequently
occurred around the country. Since many of those responsible for the
lynchings were also state actors (like the police), this is an example of
both types of violations occurring at the same time.

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A Brief History
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights emerged in 1948. Of the 56
members of the United Nations at that time, eight of them did not vote in
favour of equal human rights. Since then, international human rights
have made monumental progress. This does not mean, however, that
some do not violate these rights every single day.
The development of human rights advocacy is not a linear process; the
last two decades have shown that human rights advancements have
remained stagnant or declined in some parts of the world. Socially
disadvantaged groups of society are especially susceptible to
discrimination. This includes women, children, ethnic minorities,
persons with disabilities, refugees, indigenous peoples and people
living in poverty.

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Human rights advocates agree that, sixty years after its issue, the Universal
Declaration of Human Rights is still more a dream than reality. Violations
exist in every part of the world. For example, Amnesty International’s 2009
World Report and other sources show that individuals are:
● Tortured or abused in at least 81 countries
● Face unfair trials in at least 54 countries
● Restricted in their freedom of expression in at least 77 countries
Not only that, but women and children in particular are marginalised in
numerous ways, the press is not free in many countries, and dissenters are
silenced, too often permanently. While some gains have been made over the
course of the last six decades, human rights violations still plague the world
today.
To help inform you of the true situation throughout the world, this section
provides examples of violations of six Articles of the Universal Declaration of
Human Rights (UDHR):

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Few Major Human Rights Violation in India:
1. Caste-based discrimination and violence:
More than 56,000 crimes were committed against scheduled castes and scheduled
tribes in 2015. These included denying Dalits entry into public and social spaces,
according to the report. In 2016, Dalit student Rohith Vemula commited Suicide,
complaining of discrimination and abuse, leading to nationwide protests. Since
then, the government has alleged that the student was not Dalit, but belonged to
other backward classes.
2. Communal and ethnic violence:
Many People were attacked by vigilante cow protection groups. These
self-appointed guardians of cows beat up many people legally transporting cattle,
and many of those affected were minority groups. Two Muslim Cattle traders were
found Hanging from a tree in Jharkhand. Other violations included gang rape of
women and forcing cattle transporters to eat cow dung.
Those from African countries faced racism and discrimination in India. While one
Tanzanian woman was Stripped and Beaten by a mob in Bangalore, another man
from the Democratic Republic of Congo was beaten to death in New Delhi.
3. Freedom of association:
The government cancelled the registration of several civil society organisations
which specifically prevented them from getting foreign funding, even after the UN
claimed it was not in accordance with international law.
4. Freedom of expression:
Several people were arrested under sedition laws for expressing their dissent with
government policy. Indians were arrested for even posting comments on
Facebook. Two men were arrested under informational technology law for sharing
a satirical image of a Hindu nationalist group.
5. Violence against women:
More than 327,000 crimes were committed against women in 2015. Many of them
belonged to marginalised communities. Women were allegedly sexually assaulted
by members of the armed forces in Chhattisgarh.
6. Children's rights:
Crimes against children rose by 5% in 2015 as compared to the previous year. An
amendment in a child labour law by the Parliament that allowed some exceptions
was opposed by child rights activists, who were concerned it would affect
marginalised groups and girl children.

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WAYS TO PROTECT & SUPPORT HUMAN
RIGHTS FOR PEOPLE AROUND THE WORLD
1. Speak up for what you care about.
Set aside time to finally give that cause that keeps nagging at your heart and
reappearing in your life the attention it deserves. We all have something that
we care deeply about, whether because of an experience we underwent, an
encounter we've witnessed, or a story spoken by someone close to us.
Advocacy has a huge impact in communities everywhere.
One brave voice is enough to open up a channel for others to share their
experiences and support human rights. If you feel inspired to write, sign up for
Amnesty International's Write for Rights this December to join their global
letter-writing campaign and the world’s biggest human rights event. Your
words have power! The more awareness created around an issue, the more
momentum there is for change to protect human rights.

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2. Volunteer or donate to a global organisation.
Oxfam International and UNICEF are two amazing nonprofits that support
human rights around the world. With outreach programs in more than 90
countries, Oxfam helps empower communities to escape poverty and find
resilience from natural disasters. We love how local changemakers and
activists work directly with Oxfam to fight systematic injustice and support
human rights for all.
UNICEF similarly works to protect human rights, but with a focus on children.
Their mission is to ensure kids have safe access to clean water, education,
healthcare, and play (the right to creative expression!) in almost 200 countries.
Check out Charity Navigator to find more amazing nonprofits and their ratings.

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3. Stand up against discrimination.
Discrimination has a way of creeping up in places we never imagined
encountering it. Yet it's there, and the most important thing each of us can do
is say something - don't let it slip by. And when you see someone else stand
up, stand with them! When we have each other as support, we are more
empowered against injustices in the workplace or in a classroom.
There are more people on this earth who help and uplift others than tear
people down with words or hate. Acting together, we're powerful enough to
pave a new path to equality and fairness

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REFERENCE
https://www.humanrightscareers.com/
https://www.legalserviceindia.com/