This document discusses geographical thought and paradigms in geography. It defines geography as the study of the relationship between the physical and social environment over space and time. The document notes that scientific paradigms provide models and solutions for a community until a paradigm shift occurs, revolutionizing scientific thought. In geography, there was a shift from a geocentric to heliocentric view of the solar system and from earlier locational views to emphasizing relationships between land and people and regional synthesis.

1. GEOGRAPHICAL
THOUGHT

2. THOUGHT…….???
The act of thinking about or considering
something, an idea or opinion, or a set
of ideas about a particular subject.
Thought refers to ideas or
arrangements of ideas that are
the result of the process of
thinking.
GEOGRAPHICAL THOUGHT..?

3. DEFINITION
 What is Where?
 Mass of information about different
lands and people
 Areal differentiation view
 Spatial Pattern

4. GEOGRAPHY
 “Geography is concerned to provide accurate, orderly,
and rational description and interpretation of the variable
characters of the Earth’s surface” – Richard Hartshorne
(1959).
 Geography may be defined as the study of the
inter-relationship between the physical and
the social environment through time over
space.

5. D
I
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
V
I
e
w
s

6. PARADIGMS
 Paradigm: “Universally recognised scientific
achievements that for a time provide model
problems and solutions to a community of
practitioners” (Thomas Kuhn, 1962).

7. PARADIGM SHIFT
 Science does not evolve gradually towards truth,
but instead undergoes periodic revolutions called
‘Paradigm Shift’.

8. Geocentric
to
Heliocentric

9. PARADIGM SHIFT IN GEOGRAPHY

10. THE GEOGRAPHIC TRINITY
 Emphasis on location
 Locational or spatial variation
 Establish and represent effectively and economically
 Spatial patterns
 Emphasis on land and people relations
 Links between the natural and human world
 Horizontal Bonds to Vertical Bonds
 Regional synthesis
 Fusion of spatial and ecological approaches

12. THANK YOU