This document defines climatology and describes its nature and scope. Climatology is the study of atmospheric components and characteristics. It has three main branches: physical climatology examines factors influencing climate variations over time and space. Regional climatology studies different world climate types, distributions, and features. Applied climatology applies climate knowledge to solve problems faced by human society, such as global warming. Climatology seeks to explain causes of different climate types, their variations, and effects on natural vegetation. It discusses climatic elements and factors controlling climate distribution on Earth.

1. TOPIC
Definition, Nature and Scope of
Climatology
made by:
Apoorva Mathur

2. DEFINATION
The gaseous envelop surrounding the
earth is called “atmosphere” while the
science dealing with the study of the
atmospheric components and
characteristics is called “CLIMATOLOGY”.
And it is made of two greek words ‘kilma’ meaning slope of the earth and
‘logos’ meaning discourse or study.

3. *According to Critchfield,
“Climatology is the science which studies
the nature of climate,the causes and interpretation of
its spatial variations and its association with the
elements of natural environment and human activities.”
*According to Austin Miller,
“Climatology is the branch of science that
discusses the average conditions of the weather.”

4. Nature of Climatology
*Climatology seeks to explain:
1.THE CAUSE OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF CLIMATE
2.THE REASONS FOR THEIR VARIATIONS
3.THEIR EFFECTS ON NATURAL VEGETATION.
*Climatology discusses the various climatic elements ,the
factors that control the distribution of climate over earth.
*It is a science whose methods are strictly meteorological and
who aims and results are geographical.

5. 3 BRANCHES OF CLIMATOLOGY
PHYSICAL
CLIMATOLOGY
REGIONAL
CLIMATOLOGY
APPLIED
CLIMATOLOGY

6. PHYSICAL CLIMATOLOGY dealswiththeinterpretationoffactors
responsibleforthe spatialand temporalvariationsofexchangeof
air exchangeofair circulation,heatand climatology.
REGIONALCLIMATOLOGY includesthe studyof
types,distribution,patternand characteristicsfeaturesofworld
climates.
APPLIEDCLIMATOLOGY studiestheapplicationofclimate
knowledgetosolvevarious problemsfacedby human society
eg.globalwarming.

7. IMPORTANCE OF
CLIMATOLOGY IN
GEOGRAPHY
It is important bcoz climate
directly affects the physical
climate too on earth.
It includes soil groups,plant
communities etc…

8. “SCOPE/AIM OF CLIMATOLOGY”
The aim or the scope of climatology is to findclimaticfactors on
differentparts of theearth surface.
Whichfactors helps in changingclimate?.Whatare theprocesses
thataffect theclimateof any particular region?
These are theallthatwe study underclimatologyand can be
categorised under “physical climatology’.
The second is the “regional
climatology”.Under this we study all types of world climate.
It means,itincludes climatic conditions of particular region.On
the basis of climaticconditions humanscan decided the
occupation accordigly.

9. METEOROLOGY ANDCLIMATOLOGY
It is concerned with physical analysisof the
individual weather element.It explains and
analysesthe changes of air
pressure,temperature and humidity that
are brought about due to the effect effect
of insolation on the earth’s surface.

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