A computer is an electronic machine that can accept data as input, process the data using logical and arithmetic operations, and produce output. It works under the control of instructions stored in its memory. Data refers to unorganized facts like words, numbers, images and sounds, which are processed by computers to create organized information. There are four main types of computers - supercomputers, mainframe computers, minicomputers, and microcomputers. Microcomputers include desktop PCs, notebooks, tablet PCs, and handheld devices.

1. 1. Computer Definition
Computer is an electronic machine
operating under the control of instructions
stored in its memory unit that can:
- accept data (inputs)
- process data arithmetically and logically
- produce results (outputs)

2. 2. Data
Data is a collection of unorganized facts, which include
words, numbers, images, and sounds. Computers
process data to create information.
3. Information
Information is data that is organized, has meaning and is
useful.
Example: reports, newsletters, a receipt, a picture, an
invoice or a check.

3. 4. Terms of computer technology
i) Input – the data entered into a computer.
ii) Output – the processed results.
iii) Storage – a place whereas a computer hold data
and information for future use.
iv) User - a person that communicate with a
computer or uses the information it generates.
v) Hardware – the electrical, electronic and
mechanical equipment that makes up a
computer
vi) Software – is the series of instruction that tells
the hardware how to perform tasks.

4. Computer Evolution
Atanasoff-Berry Computer 1939, from IEEE
1. First Generation (1939-1954) - vacuum tube
• 1937 - John V. Atanasoff designed the first digital electronic
computer
• 1939 - Atanasoff and Clifford Berry demonstrate in Nov. the ABC
prototype
• 1941 - Konrad Zuse in Germany developed in secret the Z3
• 1943 - In Britain, the Colossus was designed in secret at Bletchley
Park to decode German messages
• 1944 - Howard Aiken developed the Harvard Mark I mechanical
computer for the Navy
• 1945 - John W. Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert built ENIAC at U of
PA for the U.S. Army Atanasoff-Berry Computer 1939,
from IEEE

5. "First transistor (model), December 1947. Constructed by
John Bardeen, Walter Brattain and William Shockley at Bell
Laboratories," from Smithsonian NMAH
2.Second Generation Computers (1954 -1959) – transistor
• 1950 - National Bureau of Standards (NBS) introduced its Standards Eastern Automatic
Computer (SEAC) with 10,000 newly developed germanium diodes in its logic
circuits, and the first magnetic disk drive designed by Jacob Rabinow.
• 1953 - Tom Watson, Jr., led IBM to introduce the model 604 computer, its first with
transistors, that became the basis of the model 608 of
1957, the first solid-state computer for the commercial market. Transistors were expensive
at first, cost $8 vs. $.75 for a vacuum tube. But Watson was impressed with the new
transistor radios and gave them to his engineers to study. IBM also developed
the
650 Magnetic Drum Calculator, the first by IBM to use magnetic drum memory
rather punched cards, and began shipment of the 701 scientific "Defense
Calculator" that was the first of the Model 700 line that dominated main frame
computers for the next decade

6. 3. Third Generation Computers (1959 -1971) – IC
• 1959 - Jack Kilby of Texas Instruments patented the
first integrated circuit in Feb. 1959; Kilby had made
his first germanium IC in Oct. 1958; Robert Noyce
at Fairchild used planar process to make
connections of components within a silicon IC in
early 1959; the first commercial product using IC
was the hearing aid in Dec. 1963; General
Instrument made LSI chip (100+
components) for Hammond organs 1968
IC, from Smithsonian NMAH

7. Types of Computers
There are four types of computers
• Supercomputers
- the most powerful type of computer. These machines
are special high capacity computers used by very large
organizations.
Eg. NASA uses supercomputers to track and control space
explorations.
• Mainframe computers
– need specially wired, air conditioned rooms. Not
powerfully as supercomputers. Mainframe computers
capable of great processing speeds and data storage.
Eg. Insurance companies use mainframe to process
information about millions of policy holders.

8. • Minicomputers
– are refrigerator-sized machines. Medium-sized companies
or departments of large companies always use them for
specific purposes.
Eg. Production departments use minicomputers to
monitor certain manufacturing processes and assembly
line operations.
• Microcomputers
- The least powerful, yet the most widely used and fastest-
growing, type of microcomputers:
i) desktop
ii) notebook
iii) tablet PC
iv) handheld computers (palm computers/PDA )

9. Assignment 1
There are four types of microcomputers:
1. Desktop
2. Notebook
3. Tablet PC
4. Handheld computers
Question
Explain briefly:
- the definition,
- specification,
- uses,
- advantages and disadvantages
- And give one example of the latest technology for
Each of microcomputers.
Note* Please enclosed your example within pictures/ graphic

10. THANK YOU
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