The document describes PRECIS (PREserved Context Indexing System), an indexing system developed in the 1970s. It aims to represent meaning in index entries without disturbing user understanding. PRECIS uses role operators and strings of terms to preserve context across permuted index entries. It was used for indexing the British National Bibliography but was replaced by COMPASS in 1990. PRECIS requires analyzing documents, organizing concepts, and assigning role codes to terms to generate automated two-line index entries preserving semantics and syntax.
Library automation software, Types of software available, Pros and Cons of Commercial and Open source software, List of library automation software.KOHA, WINISIS, NEWGENLIB, SOUL, AUTOLIB AND LIBSYS
Library automation software, Types of software available, Pros and Cons of Commercial and Open source software, List of library automation software.KOHA, WINISIS, NEWGENLIB, SOUL, AUTOLIB AND LIBSYS
An introductory presentation on the concept of Library Classification by Dr. Keshava, Professor, Department of Studies and Research in Library and Information Science, Tumkur University, Karnataka, INDIA.
This PPT contain details of Z39.50 and useful for Library Science students. This protocol used for information retrieval and in the end list of different types of protocols are given.
Canons of cataloguing are the specific normative principles applicable to cataloguing that is Drafting a catalogue code including the formulation of each rule. Interpretation of the rules to meet new situation brought out by a particular document or by the change in the practice of book production
Software's now-a-days became the life line of modern day organizations. Libraries also need software if they want to create a parallel digital library with features which we may not find in a traditional library.
FRBR stands for Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records.
Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records is a conceptual entity-relationship model developed by the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA).
A conceptual entity relationship model that relates user tasks of retrieval and access in online library catalogs and bibliographic databases from a user’s perspective.
A new conceptual model for bibliographic universe with a strong users focus .
The purpose of this entity relationship analysis was to discover the logical nature of bibliographic data in terms of entity, attributes and relationship.
Relationship of information science with library scienceSadaf Batool
Relationship of information science with library science
Presentation by Sadaf Batool
MPhil 1st semester
Table of contents
1. Definition of information science
2. Definition of library science
3. Primary history of library
4. Primary history of information
5. Progress of library science as (Library and information science)
6. IS &LS concerned task
7. Relationship of Information science with library science
8. According to S.R Nathan’s five laws
9. Difference of Information science &Library science
10. Conclusion
11. References
Definition of information science
Information science is that discipline that investigates the properties and behavior of information, the forces governing the flow of information, and the means of processing information for optimum accessibility and usability.
It primarily concerned with the analysis, collection, classification, manipulation, storage, retrieval, movement, dissemination, and protection of information.
This includes the investigation of information representations in both natural and artificial systems, the use of codes for efficient message transmission, and the study of information processing devices and techniques such as computers and their programming systems.
It is an interdisciplinary science derived from and related to such fields as mathematics, logic, linguistics, psychology, computer technology, operations research, the graphic arts, communications, library science, management, and other similar fields. It has both a pure science component, which inquiries into the subject without regard to its application, and an applied science component, which develops services and products." (Borko, 1968, p.3The study of – the use of information, – its sources and development; – usually taken to refer to the role of scientific, industrial and specialized libraries and information units – in the handling and – dissemination of information. (Prytherch, 2005)
The systematic study and analysis of the – sources, – development, – collection, – organization, – dissemination, – evaluation, – use, and – management of information in all its forms, including the channels (formal and informal) and technology used in its communication. – –(Reitz, 2004) Definition of library science
The study of principles and practices of library care, and organization and administration of a library, and of its technical, informational, and reference services.
Library science as “a generic term for the study of libraries and information units, the role they play in society, their various component routines and processes, and their history and future development. (Harrods ‘Librarian’s Glossary)
Collection of reading material, its processing, organization and dissemination started with the advent of library. The knowledge and its implementation in respect of library may therefore be called library science.
The professional kn
A presentation on select international digital library initiatives by Rupesh Kumar A, Assistant Professor, Department of Studies and Research in Library and Information Science, Tumkur University, Karnataka, India.
SEMANTIC NETWORK BASED MECHANISMS FOR KNOWLEDGE ACQUISITIONcscpconf
This article summarizes research work started with the SeiPro2S (Semantically Enhanced Intellectual Property Protection System) system designed to protect resources from the unauthorized use of intellectual property. The system implements semantic network as a structure of knowledge representation and a new idea of semantic compression. As the author proved that semantic compression is viable concept for English, he decided to focus on potential applications. An algorithm is presented that employing semantic network WiSENet for knowledge acquisition with flexible rules that yield high precision results. Developed algorithm is implemented as a Finite State Automaton with advanced methods for triggering desired actions. Detailed discussion is given with description of devised algorithm, usage examples and results of experiments.
An introductory presentation on the concept of Library Classification by Dr. Keshava, Professor, Department of Studies and Research in Library and Information Science, Tumkur University, Karnataka, INDIA.
This PPT contain details of Z39.50 and useful for Library Science students. This protocol used for information retrieval and in the end list of different types of protocols are given.
Canons of cataloguing are the specific normative principles applicable to cataloguing that is Drafting a catalogue code including the formulation of each rule. Interpretation of the rules to meet new situation brought out by a particular document or by the change in the practice of book production
Software's now-a-days became the life line of modern day organizations. Libraries also need software if they want to create a parallel digital library with features which we may not find in a traditional library.
FRBR stands for Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records.
Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records is a conceptual entity-relationship model developed by the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA).
A conceptual entity relationship model that relates user tasks of retrieval and access in online library catalogs and bibliographic databases from a user’s perspective.
A new conceptual model for bibliographic universe with a strong users focus .
The purpose of this entity relationship analysis was to discover the logical nature of bibliographic data in terms of entity, attributes and relationship.
Relationship of information science with library scienceSadaf Batool
Relationship of information science with library science
Presentation by Sadaf Batool
MPhil 1st semester
Table of contents
1. Definition of information science
2. Definition of library science
3. Primary history of library
4. Primary history of information
5. Progress of library science as (Library and information science)
6. IS &LS concerned task
7. Relationship of Information science with library science
8. According to S.R Nathan’s five laws
9. Difference of Information science &Library science
10. Conclusion
11. References
Definition of information science
Information science is that discipline that investigates the properties and behavior of information, the forces governing the flow of information, and the means of processing information for optimum accessibility and usability.
It primarily concerned with the analysis, collection, classification, manipulation, storage, retrieval, movement, dissemination, and protection of information.
This includes the investigation of information representations in both natural and artificial systems, the use of codes for efficient message transmission, and the study of information processing devices and techniques such as computers and their programming systems.
It is an interdisciplinary science derived from and related to such fields as mathematics, logic, linguistics, psychology, computer technology, operations research, the graphic arts, communications, library science, management, and other similar fields. It has both a pure science component, which inquiries into the subject without regard to its application, and an applied science component, which develops services and products." (Borko, 1968, p.3The study of – the use of information, – its sources and development; – usually taken to refer to the role of scientific, industrial and specialized libraries and information units – in the handling and – dissemination of information. (Prytherch, 2005)
The systematic study and analysis of the – sources, – development, – collection, – organization, – dissemination, – evaluation, – use, and – management of information in all its forms, including the channels (formal and informal) and technology used in its communication. – –(Reitz, 2004) Definition of library science
The study of principles and practices of library care, and organization and administration of a library, and of its technical, informational, and reference services.
Library science as “a generic term for the study of libraries and information units, the role they play in society, their various component routines and processes, and their history and future development. (Harrods ‘Librarian’s Glossary)
Collection of reading material, its processing, organization and dissemination started with the advent of library. The knowledge and its implementation in respect of library may therefore be called library science.
The professional kn
A presentation on select international digital library initiatives by Rupesh Kumar A, Assistant Professor, Department of Studies and Research in Library and Information Science, Tumkur University, Karnataka, India.
SEMANTIC NETWORK BASED MECHANISMS FOR KNOWLEDGE ACQUISITIONcscpconf
This article summarizes research work started with the SeiPro2S (Semantically Enhanced Intellectual Property Protection System) system designed to protect resources from the unauthorized use of intellectual property. The system implements semantic network as a structure of knowledge representation and a new idea of semantic compression. As the author proved that semantic compression is viable concept for English, he decided to focus on potential applications. An algorithm is presented that employing semantic network WiSENet for knowledge acquisition with flexible rules that yield high precision results. Developed algorithm is implemented as a Finite State Automaton with advanced methods for triggering desired actions. Detailed discussion is given with description of devised algorithm, usage examples and results of experiments.
Context Driven Technique for Document ClassificationIDES Editor
In this paper we present an innovative hybrid Text
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Ontologies, controlled vocabularies and Dataversevty
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Natural Language Interface for Java Programming: Surveyrahulmonikasharma
It is really difficult for new programmers to deal with the programming language syntax while learning programming .New programmers often struggle because they are forced to learn syntax and general programming skills simultaneously. NaturalJava is a prototype text-based natural language interface for Java programming that accepts English sentences from the keyboard and produces syntactically correct Java source code. This interface mainly contains three components:first is a Sundance which is a partial parser, second is PRISM, A knowledge-based case frame interpreter and third component is Treeface, Abstract Syntax Tree(AST) Manager. This paper aims to provide overview on NaturalJava Prototype which converts english sentences into java source code.
If you're looking to land a technical job, then you already know that the interview process can be rigorous and challenging. That's why we've created an eBook that focuses on the Top 30 Technical Interview Questions that you're likely to face during the interview process.
Our eBook is a comprehensive guide that covers all the technical aspects of the interview, including software development, database administration, system administration, and much more. With each question, we've included a detailed explanation of the concept and a step-by-step solution to help you answer the question with confidence.
The Top 30 Technical Interview Questions eBook is perfect for anyone who is preparing for a technical interview. Whether you're a student, a recent graduate, or an experienced professional, our eBook will provide you with the knowledge and skills you need to succeed in your interview.
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http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
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Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
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2. PRECIS
PREserved Context Indexing System.
Developed by Derek Austin in the early 1970s for
subject indexing for the British National Bibliography.
Subsequently developed by him, with the assistance
of Mary Dykstra, into an adaptable method of linking
both the semantics and syntax of indexing terms.
Goal was to represent meaning without “disturbing
the user‟s immediate understanding.”
3. Cont….
It is a development of Chain Indexing.
PRECIS was replaced by COMPASS in 1990.
The British Library compiled an internal thesaurus
for PRECIS-indexing of the British National
Bibliography from 1950-1987.
The PRECIS thesaurus has, never been available
online.
4. Two most important factors worked for
the development of PRECIS:
Idea of replacing chain indexing technique of
BNB;
The decision of the British Library to generate
computer produced BNB with all the indexes
in view of launching the UKMARC project
5. Concept of PRECIS
Term:
A term is a verbal representation of a concept. It
may consist of one or more words.
String:
An ordered sequence of component
terms, excluding articles
connectives, prepositions, etc., proceded by role
operators is called a string. The string represents the
subject of the document.
Role Operators:
The Operators are the code symbols
which show the function of the component term and
fix its position in the strings. These role operators are
meant for the guidance of the indexers only and do
not appear in the index entry.
6. Major task involved in indexing
according to PRECIS,
Analyzing the document concerned and identifying key
concepts.
Organizing the concepts into a subject statement based
on the principle of context dependency.
Assigning codes which signify the syntactical function
of each term.
Deciding which terms should be the access points and
which terms would be in other positions in the index
entries ,and assigning further codes to achieve these
results.
Adding further prepositions ,auxiliaries or phrases
which would result in clarity and expressiveness of the
resulting index entries.
7. Primary Operators
Enviornment of core
concepts
0
Locations
Core concepts
1
Key system; Object of transitive action;
agent of intransitive action
2
Action; effect of action
3
Performer of transitive action ;intake; factor
4
View point –as-form
5
Selected instance,eg-study region ,sample
population
6
Form of document; target user
Extra-core concepts
8. Secondary Operators
Standard coordinate concept
p
Part;property
Member of quesi-group
r
Special class of action
‘Bound’coordinate concept
q
Dependent elements
f
g
Coordinate Concepts
Assembly
s
Role definer
t
Author-attributed association
u
Two-way interaction
9. Codes
Primary codes
1st concept in coordinate
theme
2nd/subsequent concept in
theme
$z
Term codes
$x
$y
Theme interlinks
Common concept
$a
Common noun
$c
Proper name
$d
Place name
10. +
In PRECIS entries are generated in a two-line
,three-part format.
The first line, consisting of two lines-the lead and
the qualifier. Other line consist of Display.
The lead is the user‟s access point to the index;
the qualifier contains the terms that set the lead
into its wider context;and the display contains the
terms that rely upon the heading for the context.
11. Formats
Standard format :
Lead:
„Lead‟ position serves as the users‟ approach
term, by which a user may search the index.
Qualifier: It represent the term or set of terms which
qualifies the lead term to bring it into its proper
context.It provides wider context to the lead term.
Display: It is the remaining part of the string which
helps to preserve the context.
All the terms in the string are prepared using the
PRECIS table, are then rotated according to a
12. Cont…..
The structure adopted for the process is as
follows:
Lead Term
Qualifier
Display
The approach term is placed one by
one in the lead term section, with the succeeding
terms (if any) as qualifier and the preceding terms
(if any) in the display section, displaying the
context of the terms.
13. Example:
Computerization of libraries in India
(0)
(1)
(2)
1.
2.
Indian
Libraries
Computerization
INDIA
Libraries. Computerization
LIBRARIES
India
Computerization
3.COMPUTERISATION
Libraries. India
14. Cont…
Predicate Transformation Format
The Predicate Transformation Format is
used when the teem representing an agent (3)
appears as a lead term prefixed by one of the
operators 2 or s or t. When such a situation
arises, 2 or s or t is shifted to Display position from
the Qualifier position.
3. Inverted Format
PRECIS makes the use of inverted format
when any term is provided the role operators (4), (5)
or (6) and these terms appear as Lead terms. When it
happens so, the dependant elements are presented
in italics (or underlined if handwritten) after a hyphen
and the terms in the Qualifier position are printed in
Display position.
2.
15. Aspects of PRECIS Indexing:
Context is preserved: The entire indexing
statement appears at each lead term;
The permuted entries read naturally, which is
achieved by the prescribed order of the role
operators;
The terms are linked to a machine-held thesaurus
(not described in this presentation) thereby
providing possible see’s and see also’s ;
According to Austin, PRECIS can be adapted to
other languages.
The indexer determines meaning and codes the
roles and lead terms, but the computer takes care
of the permutations.
16. Essential Features of PRECIS
The system derives headings that are coextensive with the subject at all access points.
It is not bound to any classification scheme .
The terms are context dependent in nature,
which enables the users to identify the entries
correctly.
The entries are generated automatically by the
computer references between semantically
related terms.
17. Cont….
It also provides adequate arrangement of
references between semantically related terms.
It is a flexible system, as it is able to
incorporate newly emerging terms accordingly.
It has introduced the PRECIS table which puts
forth a set pattern for the preparation of entries,
thus bringing about consistency in work.
18. Limitation
Indexing with PRECIS requires a good
knowledge of grammar;
The bottleneck comes at the first step: articulating
the title-like phrase.
It‟s not clear how the terms provided by the
indexer are harmonized with the thesaurus to
produce “consensual meaning.”
19. Conclusion
PRECIS was first adopted by BNB, later on
a number of agencies went to accept the system.
Among the other national bibliographies that
adopted PRECIS are Australia, Malaysia and
South Africa. Besides these, a number of libraries
in Britain are practicing it. A number of pilot
projects are also practicing and for creating
indexes to statistical, public and other records.
20. Reference
Chowdhury , G.G(2010).Introduction to
Modern Information Retrieval(2nd ed.)New
delhi. Facet publication.
Austin, Derek. PRECIS: A Manual of Concept
Analysis and Subject Indexing. 2nd ed.
London: British Library Bibliographic Services
Division, 1984.
http://www.geocities.ws/salman_mlisc/disserta
tion/chap5.htm