This is presentation slide about the generation of computer. the subject of computer application in business

1. Generationof
Computer

2. intro
2nd generation
Table of contents
01
04
02
05
03
06
The starting
1st generation
1st generation and 2nd
generation
Conclusion

3. intro
1. Computers are essential devices that you
must have used while growing up. There are
also pretty good chances that you still use a
computer daily. Have you ever wondered
what a computer really is? Do you know
what the generation of computers is?
01

4. Thestarting
02
the evolution of computers began sometime
during the 1940s. At that time, the first
generation of computers was created. Since
then, experts have also developed other
generations of computers. As of now, there
are five generations of computers.

5. Contentsofthis template

6. The abacus, also called a countingframe, is a hand-operated
calculating tool of unknownorigin. In the ancient world, abacuses
were a practical calculating tool. Although calculators and computers
are commonlyused today instead of abacuses, abacuses remain in
everyday use in some countries. The abacushas an advantage of not
requiring a writing implement and paper (needed for algorism) or
an electric power source. Merchants, traders, and clerks in some parts
of Eastern Europe, Russia, China,and Africa use abacuses. The abacus
remains in common use as a scoring system in non-electronic table
games. Others may use an abacus due to visual impairment that
prevents the use of a calculator.The abacus is still used to teach the
fundamentals of mathematics to children in most countries
The mechanical
era-Abacus

7. Napier'sbones is a manually-operated calculatingdevice created
by John Napier of Merchiston, Scotland for the calculation of
products and quotients of numbers. The method was based
on lattice multiplication, and also called radiology, a word invented by
Napier. Napier published his version in 1617.] It was printed
in Edinburgh and dedicated to his patron Alexander Seton. The
complete device usually includes a base board with a rim; the user
places Napier's rods and the rim to conduct multiplication or division.
The board's left edge is divided into nine squares, holding the
numbers 1 to 9. In Napier's original design, the rods are made of
metal, wood or ivory and have a square cross-section. Each rod is
engraved with a multiplication table on each of the four faces. In
some later designs, the rods are flat and have two tables or only one
engraved on them, and made of plastic or heavycardboard. A set of
such bones might be enclosed in a carrying case.
Themechanical
era-Napier’s bones

8. 1st generation
03
ENIAC served as the first-generation laptop
(ElectronicNumericalIntegrator and Calculator).
William Mauchly and John Eckert envisioned it
to be the firstall-purpose electroniccomputer
in 1942. But the device was finished in 1945. It
was created to compute artilleryfiring tables for
the US Army’s Trajectory Research Lab to use in
supporting North American nation soldiers
during World War II.

9. The Atanasoff–Berry computer (ABC)
was the first automatic electronic digital computer. Limited by the
technology of the day, and execution, the device has remained
somewhat obscure. The ABC's priority is debated among historians
of computer technology, because it was neither programmable,
nor Turing-complete. Conventionally, the ABC would be considered
the first electronic ALU (arithmetic logic unit) – which is integrated
into every modern processor's design.
The machine was, however, the first to implement:
1. Using vacuum tubes, rather than wheels, ratchets, mechanical
switches, or telephone relays, allowing for greater speed than
previous computers
2. Using capacitors for memory, rather than mechanical
components, allowing for greater speed and density.
1st generation-Atanasoff–
Berrycomputer

10. EDVAC (ElectronicDiscreteVariableAutomaticComputer) was one of
the earliest electronic computers. It was built by Moore School of
Electrical Engineering, Pennsylvania.Along with ORDVAC, it was a
successor to the ENIAC. Unlike ENIAC, it was binary rather
than decimal, and was designed to be a stored-program
computer. magnetic tape reader-recorder (Wilkes 1956:36 describes
this as a wire recorder.)
1. a control unit with an oscilloscope
2.a dispatcher unit to receive instructions from the control and
memory and direct them to other units
3.a computational unit to perform arithmetic operations on a pair of
numbers and send the result to memory after checking on a
duplicate unit, a timer ,a dual memory unit consisting of two sets of
64 mercury acoustic delay lines of eight words capacity on each line
three temporary delay-line tanks each holding a single word.
1st generation-
EDVAC

11. 2nd Generation
04
As interest in computer technology grew quickly in the late
1950s and early 1960s, the second generation of computers—
which employed transistors instead of vacuum tubes—was
released. Second-generation computers were entirely built with
transistors rather than vacuum tubes. The transistor was
developed at Bell Labs in 1947 by Walter H. Brattain (1902-1987),
John Bardeen (1908-1991), and William B. Shockley (1910-1989),
although it was not widely used in computers until the late
1950s. Many people realised by 1948 that transistors would likely
replace vacuum tubes in gadgets like television sets, computers,
and radios.

12. 2nd Generation-
transistor
A transistorcomputer, now often called a second-generation
computer, is a computer which uses discrete transistors instead
of vacuum tubes. The first generation of electronic computers
used vacuum tubes, which generated large amounts of heat,
were bulky and unreliable. A second-generation computer,
through the late 1950s and 1960s featured circuit boards filled
with individual transistors and magnetic-core memory. These
machines remained the mainstream design into the late 1960s,
when integrated circuits started appearing and led to the third-
generation computer.

13. 2nd Generation-
tradic
The TRADIC Phase One Computer had 684 Bell Labs Type 1734
Type A cartridge transistors and 10,358 germanium point-
contact diodes . The TRADIC was small and light enough to be
installed in a B-52 Stratofortress . It was a general-purpose
computer. Programs for the TRADIC Phase One Computer were
introduced via a removable plug board, while the Flyable TRADIC
used a Mylar sheet with punched holes — a system reminiscent
of punched-card storage. TRADIC could perform a million logical
operations every second, close to, but not as fast as the vacuum
tube computers of the day, using its 1 MHz clock. It operated on
less than 100 watts of power and it was much more reliable than
its vacuum tube predecessors

14. 2nd Generation-
IBM704
The IBM 704 is a large digital mainframe computer introduced
by IBM in 1954. It was the first mass-produced computer with
hardware for floating-point arithmetic.
The type 704 Electronic Data-Processing Machine is a large-
scale, high-speed electronic calculator controlled by an
internally stored program of the single address type.

15. 2nd Generation-
IBM7030
The IBM 7030, also known as Stretch, was IBM's
first transistorized supercomputer. It was the fastest computer
in the world from 1961 until the first CDC 6600 became
operational in 1964. The 7030 was much slower than expected
and failed to meet its aggressive performance goals. IBM was
forced to drop its price from $13.5 million to only $7.78 million
and withdrew the 7030 from sales to customers beyond those
having already negotiated contracts. PC World magazine named
Stretch one of the biggest project management failures
in IT history.

16. 1st vs2nd
05
Vacuum tubes were employed in the first
generation of computers.
Transistors were a component of the circuitry in
the second generation of computers.
Magnetic drums were employed as storage in First
generations of computers.
Magnetic core technology was employed in the
second generation of computers as a storing
method.
They understood computer language.
They included assembly language, binary language,
and high-level programming languages.
Enormous in size and form.
smaller in size than a computer from the first
generation
Consumed more power and electricity.
Power and electric consumption were incredibly
low.
Magnetic drums were used for storage RAM and ROM were used for storage.
1st generation 2nd generation

17. 1st and 2nd
05
1st generation
2nd generation
The advantage of the primary generation of computers was that these computers quick and will calculate
knowledge in milliseconds.
Computers had more power . They used an excessive amount of energy. The vast number of vacuumtubes
caused them to heat up quite quickly. They weren’t exactly trustworthy. Air education is required. It
required constant upkeep. Cannot be transported. Expensive business output. Very low work capacity and
limited capacity for programming. using punch cards.
Compared to the first generation of computers, the second generation’s computers were more dependable,
smaller in size, quicker in speed, more energy-efficient, and less expensive since they utilized transistors.
They have magnetic core memory and magnetic storage discs. They made use of high-level languageslike
Fortran and Cobol and permitted telephone-based communication.
Comparing second-generation computers to first-generation computers, the second generation’s
computers are faster and more reliable, with data processing times dropping from milliseconds to
microseconds.
A cooling system was necessary. Confined to specific uses only Constant upkeep was necessary.
Commercial production presented challenges.Expensive and unadaptable.For input, Punch cards were
employed.

18. conclusion
Few of us can imagine life without access to our computers and the many
ways they make our lives easier. From online shopping and social
networking to simple word processing and organization of data, computers
have essentially become crucial to our sanity and survival in the 21st century.
Think of it this way: imagine you are mapping out computations for
navigating your next trip across the ocean to trade goods. This was, of
course, common in the 19th century. Your calculations, unbeknownst to you,
are riddled with errors. Not only are you not getting where you want to go,
you are quite literally, and dangerously, lost at sea. If the same occurred
today with air travel computations, for example, we’d find ourselves in a
disastrous mess, crossing paths with other planes at dangerous intervals –
not to mention landing ourselves in the middle of nowhere.
06

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