2. CHAPTER -1
MS- WINDOWS
Basic Concept of an operating system and its Functions
An operating system (OS) is software that manages computer hardware and software
resources and provides common services for computer programs. The operating
system is an essential component of the system software in a computer system.
Application programs usually require an operating system to function.
Time-sharing operating systems schedule tasks for efficient use of the system and
may also include accounting software for cost allocation of processor time, mass
storage, printing, and other resources.
Operating System
An operating system is a complex series of programs, which controls the overall
operations of a computer e.g. MS DOS, Windows98 etc.It makes the power of the
computer convenient and available to users. It allows users to communicate with a
computer. It permits users to create files; use and control input/output devices and
execute programs.
Parts of Windows Screen
Desktop: When booting process is over, the first screen that is displayed is called a
desktop. It can be thought of as your working desk. A desktop can have one window
covering the entire screen a number of windows on the screen. The desktop can be
thought of as a work area. It is the area from where you start the work. You can
decorate the desktop with one of the many
2
3. design available, also called Wallpaper .
TO OPEN START MENU:
To start a program, click the start button, point to Programs, point to the Program
Group that contains the program you want, and then click the program.
TO FIND PROGRAM GROUP:
You can find tour program groups by clicking the Start button, and then pointing to
programs. Your program groups appear as folders on the Programs menu. Point to the
folder that contains the program to open it.
TO START A PROGRAM:
1. Click the Start button, and then point to programs.
2. If the program you want is not on the menu, point to the folder that contains the
program.
3
Small pictures
buttons on the
desktop are
called icons
The area on the desktop where
the mouse pointer can be moved
easily is called the free space
Start button is used to
start programs like MS
word or MS excel etc.
DISPLAY
TIME
Task bar display button of
programs you are
currently working in .
5. A real-time operating system is a multitasking operating system that aims at
executing real-time applications. Real-time operating systems often use
specialized scheduling algorithms so that they can achieve a deterministic
nature of behavior. The main objective of real-time operating systems is their
quick and predictable response to events
Multi-user
A multi-user operating system allows multiple users to access a computer
system at the same time. Time-sharing systems and Internet servers can be
classified as multi-user systems as they enable multiple-user access to a
computer through the sharing of time. Single-user operating systems have only
one user but may allow multiple programs to run at the same time.
Multi-tasking vs. single-tasking
A multi-tasking operating system allows more than one program to be running
at the same time, from the point of view of human time scales. A single-
tasking system has only one running program. Multi-tasking can be of two
types: pre-emptive and co-operative.
Distributed
Further information: Distributed system
A distributed operating system manages a group of independent computers
and makes them appear to be a single computer. The development of
networked computers that could be linked and communicate with each other
gave rise to distributed computing. Distributed computations are carried out on
more than one machine. When computers in a group work in cooperation, they
make a distributed system.
Embedded
5
6. Embedded operating systems are designed to be used in embedded computer
systems. They are designed to operate on small machines like PDAs with less
autonomy. They are able to operate with a limited number of resources. They
are very compact and extremely efficient by design. Windows CE and Minix 3
are some examples of embedded operating systems.
Mainframes
Through the 1950s, many major features were pioneered in the field of operating
systems, including batch processing, input/output interrupt, buffering, multitasking,
spooling, runtime libraries, link-loading, and programs for sorting records in files.
These features were included or not included in application software at the option of
application programmers, rather than in a separate operating system used by all
applications. In 1959 the SHARE Operating System was released as an integrated
utility for the IBM 704, and later in the 709 and 7090 mainframes, although it was
quickly supplanted by IBSYS/IBJOB on the 709, 7090 and 7094.
Digital Equipment Corporation developed many operating systems for its various
computer lines, including TOPS-10 and TOPS-20 time sharing systems for the 36-bit
PDP-10 class systems. Prior to the widespread use of UNIX, TOPS-10 was a
particularly popular system in universities, and in the early ARPANET community.
The enormous investment in software for these systems made since the 1960s caused
most of the original computer manufacturers to continue to develop compatible
operating systems along with the hardware. Notable supported mainframe operating
systems include:
• Burroughs MCP – B5000, 1961 to Unisys Clearpath/MCP, present.
• IBM OS/360 – IBM System/360, 1966 to IBM z/OS, present.
• IBM CP-67 – IBM System/360, 1967 to IBM z/VM, present.
• UNIVAC EXEC 8 – UNIVAC 1108, 1967, to OS 2200 Unisys Clearpath
Dorado, present.
Microcomputers
6
7. PC DOS was an early personal computer OS that featured a command line interface.
Mac OS by Apple Computer became the first widespread OS to feature a graphical
user interface. Many of its features such as windows and icons would later become
commonplace in GUIs.
The first microcomputers did not have the capacity or need for the elaborate operating
systems that had been developed for mainframes and minis; minimalistic operating
systems were developed, often loaded from ROM and known as monitors. One
notable early disk operating system was CP/M, which was supported on many early
microcomputers and was closely imitated by Microsoft's MS-DOS, which became
wildly popular as the operating system chosen for the IBM PC (IBM's version of it
was called IBM DOS or PC DOS). In the '80s, Apple Computer Inc. (now Apple Inc.)
abandoned its popular Apple II series of microcomputers to introduce the Apple
Macintosh computer with an innovative Graphical User Interface (GUI) to the Mac
OS.
The introduction of the Intel 80386 CPU chip with 32-bit architecture and paging
capabilities, provided personal computers with the ability to run multitasking
7
8. operating systems like those of earlier minicomputers and mainframes. Microsoft
responded to this progress by hiring Dave Cutler, who had developed the VMS
operating system for Digital Equipment Corporation. He would lead the development
of the Windows NT operating system, which continues to serve as the basis for
Microsoft's operating systems line. Steve Jobs, a co-founder of Apple Inc., started
NeXT Computer Inc., which developed the NEXTSTEP operating system.
NEXTSTEP would later be acquired by Apple Inc. and used, along with code from
FreeBSD as the core of Mac OS X.
The GNU Project was started by activist and programmer Richard Stallman with the
goal of creating a complete free software replacement to the proprietary UNIX
operating system. While the project was highly successful in duplicating the
functionality of various parts of UNIX, development of the GNU Hurd kernel proved
to be unproductive. In 1991, Finnish computer science student Linus Torvalds, with
cooperation from volunteers collaborating over the Internet, released the first version
of the Linux kernel. It was soon merged with the GNU user space components and
system software to form a complete operating system. Since then, the combination of
the two major components has usually been referred to as simply "Linux" by the
software industry, a naming convention that Stallman and the Free Software
Foundation remain opposed to, preferring the name GNU/Linux. The Berkeley
Software Distribution, known as BSD, is the UNIX derivative distributed by the
University of California, Berkeley, starting in the 1970s. Freely distributed and ported
to many minicomputers, it eventually also gained a following for use on PCs, mainly
as FreeBSD, NetBSD and OpenBSD.
Microsoft Windows
Custom Start Screen shown. Running on Windows 8.1
8
9. Introduction of Windows:
Windows is the operating system sold by the Seattle-based company Microsoft. The
first version of Microsoft Windows (Microsoft Windows 1.0) came out in November
1985. It had a graphical user interface, inspired by the user interface of the Apple
computers of the time.
9
10. Basic Components Of windows
• The screen you see at the start of the computer is known as Desktop screen.
• The screen has the “start” icon at the left bottom of the window which is the
entry point for all the window operations.
• You have desktop shortcuts and files and folders along with “My computer”,
“My Documents”, “Recycle Bin”, “My Network Places” etc.
• Shortcuts can been recognized by a small arrow at the left hand bottom of the
icon, while files/folders does not have these.
• Radio buttons, Checkboxes, Drop down Selections, clicking menu with tick
mark, text button, text area, hyperlinks. “+/-” symbol beside a folder means
expand and reduce.
• Can open as many windows as you feel necessary. This is called as multi-
tasking.
10
11. • The taskbar is the bottom of the screen. It has the ‘start’ button at the left
side.
• “Cascade windows” by right click of the mouse on the taskbar.
• “The windows horizontally” option on rt click fixes the windows horizontally
to the window.
• “The windows vertically” option on rt click fixed the windows vertically to the
window.
• “show desktop” will clear all the windows on the desktop screen by
minimizing.
• “Task Manager” will let you set the process, programs, id nos and manage
them.
• “properties” will let you set :
Basically an intermediary agent between the user and the computer
hardware.
• Manages the computer’s resources (hardware, abstract
resources, software)
• It’s a resource allocator.
• It is also used to control programs to prevent errors and
improper computer use.
• It is interrupt driven.
11
13. CHAPTER –2
(MS-OFFICE)
1. Introduction To Ms Word
MS WORD or Microsoft word 2000 is Windows Based Electronic Word Processing
Application .Along with the features common to all word processors; it has certain
other powerful features such as:
Display only the frequent used commands for easy accessibility while other is
hidden.
The detect and repair option in the help menu detects and repairs problem
associated with installed Microsoft office 2000 programs, such as missing files
and registry settings.
It does not repairs personal files, such as documents and work sheets.
Multiple clip board that can store up to 12c items, which can be pasted when
needed.
You can save any document directly to the web server.
In Word 2000 the features are very rarely used are installed only when they are used
for the first time. This enables word to conserve memory by not doing those features
that are very rarely used by the user.
Just follow these steps to start MS-WORD:
• Click on the start button on the task bar.
• Move to the Programs item in the start menu. A submenu will open.
• Move to the Microsoft word item in the sub menu & click
13
14. Sample programs menu to start Microsoft Word
Contents of word document
• Title bar: Title bar shows the name of the document & situated at the top of
the window application.
• Menu bar: Menu bar contains the various commands under the various topics
to perform some special tasks . It is located under the title bar.
• Toolbar: Toolbar is nothing more than the shortcut of the Menu option to
execute or perform the menu option in the easiest & faster way. There are
basically two types of toolbars:
MS-WORD’S SCREEN
Working with word document:
• Creating document
• Moving around the documents
• Saving documents
• Closing documents
14
15. Creating documents:
When you start word, a blank document appears ready for you to start typing.
A blinking vertical bar called the insertion point indicates where the text will
appear when you type. Unlike a typewriter, you do not have to start a new line
when you reach the right margin MS-WORD automatically wraps text to the
next line. This is known as wrap wrapping. Press enter when you want to start
new paragraph.
Opening an existing document
To open an existing document, perform any one of the following actions:
• Select open from the file menu.
• Or press CTRL+O.
OPEN DIALOG BOX
Quitting word
,
• Select exit from the file menu bar.
15
16. • Before exiting, Word closes all the open files. If ant file has not been saved,
the office assistant confirms from the user whether the file is to be saved or
not.
Save changes confirmation dialog box
Saving data source:
• When the save as dialog box will appear enter the name of file in the field
name box and the click the save command button to save the data source.
Save as dialog box to save the data source
Printing:
To print the single copy of the current document, click the Print button on the
standard toolbar.
16
17. To print selected pages or multiple copies of the document:
• Choose Print from the File menu. Print dialog box will appear.
• Specify the no. of copies of each page to be printed in the Number of copies
box.
• Click the OK command button to start printing.
Print dialog box
17
18. 2. MS-POWERPOINT
PowerPoint views
Microsoft PowerPoint comes with different views to help you while you are creating a
presentation. The two main views you use in PowerPoint are normal view and slide
sorter view. To easily switch between views, you click the buttons at the lower left of
the PowerPoint window.
Normal view
Normal view contains three panes: the outline pane, the slide pane, and the notes
pane. These panes let you work on all aspects of your presentation in one place. You
can adjust the size of the different panes by dragging the pane borders.
18
19. Outline pane Use the outline pane to organize and develop the content of your
presentation. You can type all of the text of your presentation and rearrange bullet
points, paragraphs, and slides.
Notes pane The notes pane lets you add your speaker notes or information you want
to share with the audience. If you want to have graphics in your notes, you must add
the notes in notes page view.
At any time while you are creating your presentation, you can start your slide show
and preview your presentation by clicking Slide Show .
Open a presentation on your hard disk or a network
1. On the Standard toolbar, click Open .
2. Click a shortcut on the Places Bar or, in the Look in box, click the drive,
folder, or Internet location that contains the presentation you want.
3. In the folder list, locate and open the folder that contains the presentation.
If you can't find the presentation in the folder list, you can search for it.
How?
4. Double-click the presentation you want to open.
Tip To open a file you've used recently, click History on the Places Bar. You can
also click the file name at the bottom of the File menu. If the list of recently used files
isn't displayed, click Options on the Tools menu, click the General tab, and then select
the recently used file list check box.
Create a new presentation
You can create a new presentation in several ways. You can start by working with the
AutoContent wizard, in which you begin with a presentation that contains suggested
content and design. You can also start with an existing presentation and change it to
suit your needs. Another way to start a presentation is by selecting a design template
19
20. that determines the presentation's design but doesn't include content. You can also
begin with an outline you import from another application or with a blank
presentation that has neither suggested content nor design.
Save a copy of a presentation
1. On the File menu, click Save As.
2. In the File name box, enter a new name for the presentation.
3. Click Save.
Tip To save the copy in a different folder, click a different drive in the Save in box
or a different folder in the folder list, or both. To save the copy in a new folder, click
Create New Folder.
Start a presentation broadcast
Before you start a presentation broadcast, you must have already set up and scheduled
the broadcast. It's recommended that you do the first three steps of this procedure
about 30 minutes before the broadcast is scheduled to start.
1. Open the presentation that you want to broadcast.
2. On the Slide Show menu, point to Online Broadcast, and then click Begin
Broadcast.
Your presentation is saved in HTML format at the server location you
designated. Microsoft PowerPoint checks audio and video to make sure they
are working.
3. If you have any last-minute information you want to send to your audience,
click Audience Message, type the message, and then click Update. The
message will be displayed on the lobby page.
4. When you are ready to begin the broadcast, click Start.
20
21. Create handouts of slides
1. On the View menu, point to Master, and then click Handout Master.
To preview the layout you want, click the buttons on the Handout Master
toolbar.
2. Add the items you want on the handout master — art, text, headers or footers,
date, time, or page number.
Items you add appear only on the handouts; no changes are made to the slide
master.
3. On the Master toolbar, click the Close button.
4. On the File menu, click Print.
5. In the Print what box, click Handouts.
6. In the Slides per page box, click the number of slides you want on the
handout.
7. If you choose four, six, or nine slides per page, click Horizontal or Vertical to
specify the order in which you want the slides to appear on the page.
Note You can also change the orientation of the paper when you print
handouts. Click Page Setup on the File menu, and then click Landscape or
Portrait under Notes, handouts & outline.
3. MS-EXCEL
What is Microsoft Excel?
MS Excel is spreadsheet software developed & sold by Microsoft.
MS Excel is a part of MS Office.
MS Excel performs all basic functions of a spreadsheet.
Many advanced features for analysis and calculations are also available.
Starting Excel
MS Excel can be started by one of the following methods.
21
22. Select Excel from programs option of the Start Menu.
OR
Click the New Office Document button in the office shortcut toolbar.
Then click Blank Workbook.
Diagram – The Excel Window
Mouse pointer It is shaped like a white plus and changes to arrow outside the spread sheet.
Cell : It is the intersection point of rows and column called a cell.
Cell pointer : Denotes the currently selected (called the current cell).
An entry made in Excel automatically goes into the current cell.
A cell is referred to by its address, which is the combination of the
Column and the row number to which the cell belongs.
22
CELLS
ROW NUMBERS
SHEET INDICATORS HORIZONTAL SCROLL BAR
VERTICAL SCROLL BAR
FORMATTING TOOLBAR
FORMULA ENTRY BAR
PULL DOWN MENUS
COLUMN HEADINGS
23. Toolbars : The standard and formatting toolbars provide the currently used.
Commands
Pull down menus: Menus give access to all the commands available in MS excel.
Scroll bars: The scroll bars can be used to move around in a large sheet
.
Formula entry bar : Displays, the complete contents of the current cell.
In case of mathematical formulas, the cell shows the result of the
Formula, but the formula bar shows the formula itself.
Name box : Displays the address or name of current cell (cell with cell
pointer).
ENTERING & EDITING TEXT/DATA
Moving around in Excel
Click on any visible cell, to move cell pointer to that cell.
To expose cell outside the screen use the scroll bars.
To use the keyboard for moving around.
To move Press on keyboard
Left one cell Left arrow
Right one cell Right arrow
Up one cell Up arrow
Down one cell Down arrow
Up one screen Page up
Down one screen Page down
To first cell in a row Home
To start of the worksheet Ctrl+ home
To the last cell containing data Ctrl+ End
To quickly reach a cell
Click on the name box.
Type in the cell address.
Press Enter.
Entering text
• Select the cell, where text is required and begin typing.
• Text will appear in the active cell and in the formula bar above.
• Press Backspace to correct any error while entering text.
• Press enter from key board or tick mark on formula bar to accept entry.
23
24. • Press Esc from keyboard or cross mark on formula bar to reject entry.If text is
longer than cell size, it overflows to next cell (provided it’s empty).
Entering numeric data
• Type number directly into cells.
• If entry is purely numeric, Excel automatically categorized it as numeric.
• Excel performs calculations only on numeric entries.
Editing text
Select the cell and:-
• Enter new text to automatically over write old text.
• Double click in cell. Cursor appears in cell, for editing.
• Click in the formula bar to edit.
• Press the F2 key for editing.
Erasing text
To delete cell or range, select the cell or range and do any one of the following.
a) Press delete key.
b) Select clear, then contents command from edit menu.
c) Select clear contents command from quick menu.
Cut/copy /paste
• The cut, copy or paste trio works the same way as in MS word.
• These commands are available in the standard toolbar, on in the Edit menu.
• The commands are also available in the quick menu.
• Press enter on target cell to quickly paste the clipboard contents.
Undo/Redo
• The Undo and Redo commands work in the same way like in Word.
• These commands are available in the standard toolbar, or in the Edit menu.
• Up to 16 actions can be undone.
24
25. Calculations
• To perform any calculation in Excel, a formula has to be entered.
• A formula must start with an equal sign (=).
• A formula defines, in mathematical terms, the calculation which is required to be done.
• The result of the formula is displayed in the cell, where it is entered.
• The formula appears as entered in the formula bar.
• To change the formula, click in the formula bar and edit.
FORMATTING
Text formats
• The text formats of excel are same as those available in Word.
• The formatting toolbar contains all the text formatting buttons.
• Select cells to format and click the required format button.
The formats available are:-
Bold - Changes the appearance of text to bold.
Italics - Changes the appearance of text to italics.
Underline - Changes the appearance of text to underline.
Font - Changes the style of writing.
Size - Changes the size of typed matter.
Font color - Changes the color of text in selected cells.
Fill color - changes the background color of selected cells.
Alignment – The left, center and right align commands are same as in Word.
Any text matter is left aligned by default, & numeric Data is right
Number formats-
• Excel always stores and calculates numbers at they prevision they are typed.
• For instances if you type 3.141592654 that is stored in the cell, even if you see
something else (You may see 3.142).
• The number 368204763 may appear as 3.68 E08 which is the exponential
notation for the typed number. Internally Excel retains the original number.
• Number format decides how it will be displayed.
25
26. • Format through number format buttons in the format toolbar.
Diagram-chart wizard STEP-1
Data Filtering
• To view only part of data, which matches criteria, use filtering options.
• Excel provides the Audio Filer option, in the filter Command of the data
Menu, for automatically filtering the data by specifying required criteria.
• When auto Filter is enabled, Excel automatically places selection arrows on
the right of every heading in the list.
• Clicking the selection arrow provides.
• Select any entry in the list to automatically filter the data matching the
selected item.
• When a filter has been applied, the color of the selection arrow changes.
• Provide multiple, filter, one after the other.
• To remove a Filter, select the option all.
For specific requirements, we can also use the custom option.
In the above example, clicking on any qtr entry in the list will filter the records to show
data only that qtr.
For filter on revenue, click selection arrow of the revenue column and select custom.
26
27. Diagram:
• To list all records where revenue is greater than 2500.
• Select greater than in condition box, and type 2500 in value box.
• Click ok.
• Excel filters the records to show only desired data.
• To list all records where revenue is between 2000 and 2500.
• Select greater than in condition box. And type 2000 in value box. Click And.
• Select less than in condition box and type 2500 in value box.
• Click ok.
• Excel filter the records in show you only desired data.
27
29. BASIC OF PRESENTATION
(SLIDE MANIPULATION)
1. Slide Manipulation and Presentation
Inserting A New Slide
1. Click Insert at top of screen
2. Select New Slide
Formatting A Slide Background
You can format your slide to make it look however you would like, whether it be a
background color, picture, or a design template built into Microsoft PowerPoint. The
next step will show you how to apply a Design Template, but the other items
mentioned above can be accomplished the same way.
1. Click Format at the top of the screen
2. Select Apply Design Template
29
30. 3. Select Design you wish to apply
4. Click Apply Button
1.2 Slideshow Presentation
Viewing The Slide Show
You can view your slide show by any of the following ways:
1. Click Slide Show at the lower left of the PowerPoint window.
2. On the Slide Show menu, click View Show.
3. On the View menu, click Slide Show.
4. Press F5 on the keyboard
Navigating While In Your Slide Show
• Forward Navigation
o Simply click on the left Mouse Button or hit the Enter Button on your
keyboard
• Reverse Navigation
o Hit the Backspace on the keyboard
• Exiting the show
o Hit the Esc Button on the keyboard
30
31. Pack up a presentation for use on another computer
1. Open the Presentation you want to pack
2. On the File menu, click Pack and Go
3. Follow the instructions in the Pack and Go Wizard.
Unpack a presentation to run on another computer
1. Insert the disk or connect to the network location you packed the presentation to
2. In My Computer, go to the location of the packed presentation, and then double-click
Pngsetup
3. Enter the destination you want to copy the presentation to
Slide sorter view
In slide sorter view, you see all the slides in your presentation on screen at the same
time, displayed in miniature. This makes it easy to add, delete, and move slides, add
timings, and select animated transitions for moving from slide to slide. You can also
31
32. preview animations on multiple slides by selecting the slides you want to preview and
then clicking Animation Preview on the Slide Show menu.
At any time while you are creating your presentation, you can start your slide show
and preview your presentation by clicking Slide Show .
Open a presentation on your hard disk or a network
5. On the Standard toolbar, click Open .
6. Click a shortcut on the Places Bar or, in the Look in box, click the drive,
folder, or Internet location that contains the presentation you want.
7. In the folder list, locate and open the folder that contains the presentation.
If you can't find the presentation in the folder list, you can search for it.
How?
8. Double-click the presentation you want to open.
Tip To open a file you've used recently, click History on the Places Bar. You can
also click the file name at the bottom of the File menu. If the list of recently used files
isn't displayed, click Options on the Tools menu, click the General tab, and then select
the Recently used file list check box.
Create a new presentation
You can create a new presentation in several ways. You can start by working with the
AutoContent wizard, in which you begin with a presentation that contains suggested
content and design. You can also start with an existing presentation and change it to
suit your needs. Another way to start a presentation is by selecting a design template
that determines the presentation's design but doesn't include content. You can also
begin with an outline you import from another application or with a blank
presentation that has neither suggested content nor design.
Save a copy of a presentation
32
33. On the File menu, click Save As.
Show Me
4. In the File name box, enter a new name for the presentation.
5. Click Save.
Tip To save the copy in a different folder, click a different drive in the Save in box
or a different folder in the folder list, or both. To save the copy in a new folder, click
Create New Folder .
3. Presentation broadcast
Before you start a presentation broadcast, you must have already set up and scheduled
the broadcast. It's recommended that you do the first three steps of this procedure
about 30 minutes before the broadcast is scheduled to start.
5. Open the presentation that you want to broadcast.
6. On the Slide Show menu, point to Online Broadcast, and then click Begin
Broadcast.
Your presentation is saved in HTML format at the server location you
designated. Microsoft PowerPoint checks audio and video to make sure they
are working.
7. If you have any last-minute information you want to send to your audience,
click Audience Message, type the message, and then click Update. The
message will be displayed on the lobby page.
8. When you are ready to begin the broadcast, click Start.
Create handouts of slides
On the View menu, point to Master, and then click Handout Master.
33
34. To preview the layout you want, click the buttons on the Handout Master
toolbar.
Show Me
8. Add the items you want on the handout master — art, text, headers or footers,
date, time, or page number.
Items you add appear only on the handouts; no changes are made to the slide
master.
9. On the Master toolbar, click the Close button.
10. On the File menu, click Print.
11. In the Print what box, click Handouts.
12. In the Slides per page box, click the number of slides you want on the
handout.
13. If you choose four, six, or nine slides per page, click Horizontal or Vertical to
specify the order in which you want the slides to appear on the page.
Note You can also change the orientation of the paper when you print handouts.
Click Page Setup on the File menu, and then click Landscape or Portrait under Notes,
handouts & outline.
34
36. MULTIMEDIA
Multimedia technology has become increasingly popular. This paper presents a course
outline in multimedia. It includes a description of the subjects and resource
requirements. The main objective of the course is to prepare students to become
multimedia designers and engineers in their areas of expertise.
Introduction
Multimedia has gained its popularity not only because its attractive features (eg.,
images, animation, sound), but also its usefulness in many areas (eg., sciences, arts,
business). Practitioners from diverse disciplines and backgrounds are motivated by
the promise of multimedia. Many of these people are interested in new applications or
enhancing existing ones with multimedia.
The main objective of this course is to prepare students to become multimedia
designers and engineers in their areas of expertise. This one-year full-time diploma
course is targeted to students from multi disciplines.
The rest of this paper is organized as follows: section 2 describes the course structure
and section 3 explains the resources needed to support the course. Finally, section 4
gives the conclusions.
Components of Multimedia
The course comprises 6 subjects and 1 full-year project (equivalent to two subjects).
The subjects include:
1. Introduction to Multimedia Information Systems,
2. Multimedia Programming,
3. Multimedia Design,
4. Multimedia Technology,
36
37. 5. Multimedia Networking,
Topics: Multimedia Computers, Multimedia Technology, Media Taxonomy, and
Multimedia Applications.
The aim of this subject is to provide an introduction to multimedia information
systems, which includes multimedia technology, multimedia media, and applications.
Multimedia Programming
Topics: Introduction to programming, Program constructs, Multimedia objects, User
interface programming, and Authoring.
Multimedia programming gives different emphasis from that of conventional
programming. Multimedia programming is an exercise in building multimedia
applications using visual languages and/or multimedia packages. Multimedia
programming deals with user interface programming. The languages used are very
much visual based, rather than imperative based.
At the end of the semester, students are expected to master one visual programming
language and one authoring package.
Multimedia Design
Topics: Scripting, User Interface, User Needs Analysis, Modelling, and Design.
This subject teaches how to design multimedia applications. To give a deep
knowledge of multimedia design, an application in hypermedia is chosen.
Hypermedia is selected because it is the science of relationships (Buford, 1994;
Ginige et al., 1995). It concerns structuring, presenting, and giving users direct access
to content and interconnections within an information domain. Hypermedia
functionalities, such as navigation, annotation, and information overviews, enhance
applications.
Multimedia Technology
Topics: Digital Video, Image Compression, File systems and Operating systems for
continuous media applications.
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38. The study on digital video and image compression is important because reducing the
amount of data needed to reproduce images or video saves storage spaces, increases
access speed, and it is the only way to achieve digital motion video on personal
computers (Buford, 1994; Fuhrt, 1994). Compression techniques clearly plays a
crucial role in digital multimedia applications, since audio, image and video signals
require vast amount of data. A number of compression techniques exist, such as
JPEG, MPEG, etc (Buford, 1994; Fuhrt, 1994). Digital data compression relies on
various computational algorithm, implemented either in hardware or in software.
Multimedia Networks
Topics: Multimedia Networking, Real-Time, Synchronization, Teleconferencing, and
Distributed Multimedia.
Multimedia systems include multiple sources of various media either spatially or
temporally to create composite multimedia documents. Consequently,
synchronization plays an important part in orchestrating different medium to perform
harmoniously (Buford, 1994).
Software for Multimedia
Topics: Software engineering, Project management, Team work, Software process,
and Quality control (Testing).
This is a one-year project where students develop professional multimedia projects.
Apart from developing projects, students are also taught project management, and
conventional software engineering.
MS Publisher
Our main goal is to find new ways to help publishers focussing on their
core competencies and to concentrate on their customers.
Our clients rely on knkPublishing:
• to realize cost savings and improve processes by using international publishing
industry best practices and benefit from a single, transparent source of data to
avoid redundant information and prevent duplicates.
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39. • To profit from award-winning Microsoft Dynamics business software that
already supports more than 1,000,000 users worldwide to focus on their
business – target new markets by getting in-depth insight into your existing
business and reduce total cost of ownership.
• To understand and measure the life-time value of each customer, product, and
service based on comprehensive real-time data from all modules, and
• To build up new sources of revenue by conducting market research and
executing marketing campaigns targeted on customer’s preferences.
Publishers in the following sections gain the benefit of Microsoft certified
knkPublishing software:
• Academic Publishing
• Book Publishing
• Calendar publishing
• Consumer magazine publishing
• Eductional Publishing
• Professional publishing
• Religious publishing
• Software & games publishing
• Trade Publishing
MS Photo Draw
An example-packed guide to creating and editing graphics using Microsoft
PhotoDraw shows the key features of the software and demonstrates how to
apply good design principles to projects. Original. 10,000 first printing.
(Intermediate).
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41. INTERNET
Concept of Internet
The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the
standard Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to link several billion devices worldwide. It
is a network of networks[1]
that consists of millions of private, public, academic,
business, and government networks of local to global scope, linked by a broad array
of electronic, wireless, and optical networking technologies. The Internet carries an
extensive range of information resources and services, such as the inter-linked
hypertext documents and applications of the World Wide Web (WWW), the
infrastructure to support email, and peer-to-peer networks for file sharing and
telephony.
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42. Uses of Internet
Internet is today one of the most important part of our daily life. There are large
numbers of things that can be done using the internet and so it is very important. You
can say that with the progress in the internet we are progressing in every sphere of life
as it not only makes our tasks easier but also saves a lot of time. Today internet is
used for different purposes depending upon the requirement. Here in this very article
we have mentioned then ten best uses of the internet. Here goes the list.
1. Communication
At the moment the easiest thing that can be done using the internet is that we can
communicate with the people living far away from us with extreme ease. Earlier the
communication used to be a daunting task but all that chanced once internet came into
the life of the common people. Now people can not only chat but can also do the
video conferencing. It has become extremely easy to contact the loved ones who are
in some other part of the world. Communication is the most important gift that the
internet has given to the common man. Email, social networking sites are some of the
prime example of it. This is one such gift of the internet which is cherished by
everyone and has made our life easier to much extent.
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43. 2. Research
Now the point that has been placed next is research. In order to do research you need
to go through hundreds of books as well as the references and that was one of the
most difficult jobs to do earlier. Since the internet came into life, everything is
available just a click away. You just have to search for the concerned topic and you
will get hundreds of references that may be beneficial for your research. And since
internet is here to make your research public, you can then benefit a large amount of
people from the research work that you have done. Research is one such thing which
has got lots of benefit from this evolution of internet. Research process has now got
wings and has gained the most due to the internet.
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44. 3. Education
The next point that we have in this list is education. Yes you read it right. Education is
one of the best things that the internet can provide. There are a number of books,
reference books, online help centres, expert’s views and other study oriented material
on the internet that can make the learning process very easier as well as a fun learning
experience. There are lots and lots of websites which are related to different topic.
You can visit them and can gain endless amount of knowledge that you wish to have.
With the use of internet for education, you are non-longer dependent on some other
person to come and teach you. There are various number of tutorials available over
the internet using which you can learn so many thing very easily. There can’t be any
excellent use of the internet other than education as it is the key to achieve everything
in life.
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45. 4. Financial Transaction
The next use mentioned here is financial transaction. Financial transaction is the term
which is used when there is exchange of money. With the use of internet in the
financial transaction, your work has become a lot easier. Now you don’t need to stand
in the queue at the branch of your particular bank rather you can just log in on to the
bank website with the credential that has been provided to you by the bank and then
can do any transaction related to finance at your will. With the ability to do the
financial transaction easily over the internet you can purchase or sell items so easily.
Financial transaction can be considered as one of the best uses of resource in the right
direction.
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