Operating Systems and Some Types Such as Linux, IOS & Windows

1. PREPAREDBY
ADARSHBANG
16H61A0401
OPERATING SYSTEMS

2. • An operating system (OS) is system software that manages computer hard
ware and software resources and provides common services for comp
uter programs. All computer programs, excluding firmware, require an ope
rating system to function.
• Time-sharing operating systems schedule tasks for efficient use of the syst
em and may also include accounting software for cost allocation of process
or time, mass storage, printing, and other resources.
Single- and multi-tasking
• A single-tasking system can only run one program at a time, while a multi-t
asking operating system allows more than one program to be running in co
ncurrency. This is achieved by time-sharing, dividing the available process
or time between multiple processes that are each interrupted repeatedly i
n time slices by a task-scheduling subsystem of the operating system.
OPERATING SYSTEM

3. Single- and multi-user
• Single-user operating systems have no facilities to distinguish users, but may allow
multiple programs to run in tandem. A multi-user operating system extends the basic
concept of multi-tasking with facilities that identify processes and resources, such as
disk space, belonging to multiple users, and the system permits multiple users to
interact with the system at the same time.
Distributed
• A distributed operating system manages a group of distinct computers and makes
them appear to be a single computer. The development of networked computers that
could be linked and communicate with each other gave rise to distributed computing.
Templated
In an OS, distributed and cloud computing context, templating refers to creating a
single virtual machine image as a guest operating system, then saving it as a tool for
multiple running virtual machines.

4. Embedded
• Embedded operating systems are designed to be used in embedded computer systems.
They are designed to operate on small machines like PDAs with less autonomy. They ar
e able to operate with a limited number of resources.
Real-time
• A real-time operating system is an operating system that guarantees to process events
or data by a specific moment in time. A real-time operating system may be single- or m
ulti-tasking, but when multitasking, it uses specialized scheduling algorithms so that a
deterministic nature of behaviour is achieved
Library
A library operating system is one in which the services that a typical operating system pro
vides, such as networking, are provided in the form of libraries. These libraries are compo
sed with the application and configuration code to construct unikernels.

5. Windows Linux IOS
We will be discussing briefly about the following 4 operating systems

6. WINDOWS
• There are so many operating systemsexits (i.e. Window, Linux, Unix e
tc.)but Windows is the most widely usedoperating system. Windows i
s the invention of Microsoft.
• Windows is a graphical environment which incorporates all the featu
res of GUI.
• It lays a graphical user interface(GUI) shall around the DOS and exten
ds DOS capabilities.
• It is easy to use and capable of multitasking i.e. running several applic
ation program simultaneously
• Graphic program (Windows) and character-based programs (DOS)ca
n be run concurrently.
• It facilitates to switch between easily multiple program.

7. WINDOWS
• A computer environment like windows that uses little pictures and s
ymbols is called graphical user interface.
• A user-interface acts as a link between computer and the user.
• A character user-interface uses text to help a user to give commands
to the application program
• You can use Control Panel for changing your screen colour installing
& changing setting for hardware and software, setting up or
changing for a network.
• you can manage your desktop.
• The Windows Explorer graphically displays your entire computer
system in hierarchical tree structure.

8. IOS
• Apples mobile operating system considered the foundation of the iPhone
• Originally designed for the iPhone but now supports iPod touch, iPad, and
Apple TV
• It is updated just like Itunes for iPods
• As of Oct 2011 Apple contains over 500,000 iOS applications

9. IOS HISTORY
 Ios (iphone o.s) is a mobile operating system developed by Apple.Inc
started in 2007 with the first iphone 2G.
 It extended to support other apple devices such as ipod,ipad etc..
 It is programmed in C,C++,Objective-C.
 Apple doesn’t license ios for installation on non- apple hardware.

10. LINUX
• Linux is a generic term referring to Unix-like graphical user interface
(GUI) based computer operating systems.
• It is Multi-user, Multitasking, Multiprocessor
• Coexists with other Operating Systems
• Runs on multiple platforms
LINUX today
• Linux has been used for many computing platforms
• PC, Supercomputer
• Commercial vendors moved in Linux itself to provide freely distributed
code. They make their money by compiling up various software and
gathering them in a distributable format
• About 29 million people use Linux worldwide

11. LINUX softwares
Red Hat Linux :
• One of the original Linux distribution.
• The commercial, nonfree version is Red Hat Enterprise Linux, which
is aimed at big companies using Linux servers and desktops in a big
way
Debian GNU/Linux :
A free software distribution. Popular for use on servers
Gentoo Linux :
Gentoo is a specialty distribution meant for programmers