This document discusses the main components and functions of a computer system. It describes the monitor, keyboard, mouse, and other input devices. It then covers the major internal components of the system unit, including the motherboard, CPU, RAM, hard drive, optical drives, and ports. It provides details on motherboard components like sockets, slots, connectors and chipsets. Finally, it lists common computer hardware acronyms.

1. Computer Parts and Functions
COMPUTER SYSTEM SERVICING
PRESENTER:
DANE JOHN C. PAGSOLINGAN
CSS TRAINER TM-1
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2. Monitor
A monitor or a display is an electronic visual
display for computers. The monitor comprises the
display device, circuitry and an enclosure.

3. Types of Monitor
Cathode ray tube - The first computer
monitors used cathode ray tubes (CRTs).
Prior to the advent of home computers in
the late 1970s,
A liquid-crystal display (LCD) is a flat panel
display, electronic visual display, or video
display that uses the light modulating properties
of liquid crystals.
Liquid crystals do not emit light directly

4. Light Emitting Diode (LED ) Monitor
LED monitors provide higher contrast and
better viewing angles than LCDs but they
require more power when displaying
documents with white or bright backgrounds.

5. Computer Keyboard
A keyboard is the set of typewriter-
like keys that enables you to
enter data into a computer.
Types
Standard
Laptop-size
Flexible keyboard
Handheld

6. Computer Mouse
a mouse is a pointing device that
detects two-dimensional motion relative to a
surface.
Types of mouse
Mechanical mice
Optical
Touchpad

7. Light Pen
A light pen is a computer input
device in the form of a light-
sensitive wand used in conjunction
with a computer's CRT display.

8. Digitizer Tablet - A graphics drawing tablet
used for sketching new images or tracing old
ones. Also called a "graphics tablet," the user
contacts the surface of the device with a
wired or wireless pen or puck.
Digitizer Tablet

9. A Barcode reader (or barcode scanner) is an
electronic device that can read and output
printed barcodes to a computer.
Barcode reader

10. Voice Input Devices
Audio input devices such as microphones
allow users to speak to the computer in
order to record a voice message or navigate
software.

11. Image Scanner
A scanner is a device that captures images
from photographic prints, posters,
magazine pages, and similar sources for
computer editing and display.

12. Printer
A printer is a peripheral which makes a
persistent human readable representation of
graphics or text on paper or similar physical
media.

13. Computer Speaker
Speaker is defined as an electrical device
used to make sound or music louder.

14. System Unit
The main part of a personal computer. The
system unit includes
the chassis, microprocessor, main
memory, bus, and ports, but does not include
the keyboard or monitor, or any peripheral
devices.

15. System Unit Parts
Computer Case
Motherboard
CPU
RAM
Hard Disk/Drive
CD/DVD ROM
Power Supply
Floppy Disk Drive

16. Computer Case
A computer case also known as a computer
chassis, tower system unit, cabinet base unit or
simply case and sometimes incorrectly referred
to as the "CPU" or "hard drive",
Cabinet Base Unit
Tower Sytem Unit

17. Motherboard - the main printed circuit
board (PCB) found in computers and
other expandable systems.

18. Central Processing Unit (CPU)
CPU is the brains of the computer where
most calculations take place.

19. Random Access Memory (RAM)
Random-access memory (RAM) is a form of computer
data storage. A random-access memory device
allows data items to be read and written in approximately
the same amount of time, regardless of the order in which
data items are accessed.

20. Hard Disk Drive is a data storage device used for
storing and retrieving digital information using one
or more rigid ("hard") rapidly rotating disks
(platters) coated with magnetic material.

21. DVD/CD ROM
read-only DVD disc used to permanently
store data files. DVD-ROM discs are widely
used to distribute large software
applications that exceed the capacity of a
CD-ROM disc.

22. A power supply is an electronic device that
supplies electric energy to an electrical load. The
primary function of a power supply is to convert one
form of electrical energy to another and, as a result,
power supplies are sometimes referred to as electric
power converters.

23. A Floppy Disk Drive, or FDD or FD for short, is a
computer disk drive that enables a user to save
data to removable diskettes.

24. Motherboard parts and functions

25. A CPU socket or CPU slot is a mechanical
component(s) that provides mechanical and
electrical connections between a microprocessor
and a printed circuit board (PCB).
CPU Socket
Land Grid Array
PIN Grid Array

26. Advance Technology Extended (ATX)
ATX power connectors are designed to connect a computer’s power supply to an ATX motherboard. They
are constructed of metal pins laid throughout a nylon matrix. A female type ATX power connector extends
from the ATX power supply to plug into the motherboard. The nylon matrix on modern ATX power
connectors can have 20 or 24 pins, depending on the power necessary for the processor.

27. PCI is a local computer bus for attaching hardware
devices in a computer.
Peripheral Component Interconnect

28. Peripheral Component Interconnect Express (PCIe or
PCI-E) is a serial expansion bus standard for
connecting a computer to one or more peripheral
devices.
Peripheral Component Interconnect

29. AGP is a high-speed point-to-point channel for attaching
a video card to a computer system, primarily to assist in
the acceleration of 3D computer graphics.
Accelerated Graphics Port

30. Northbridge and Southbridge

31. RAM Slot

32. CNR is a slot found on certain
PC motherboards and used for specialized
networking, audio, and telephony
equipment.
Communication and Networking Riser

33. CMOS Battery USB Header
The CMOS is a physical part of the motherboard: it is a memory
chip that houses setting configurations and is powered by the
onboard battery. The CMOS is reset and loses all custom settings
in case the battery runs out of energy, Additionally, the system
clock resets when the CMOS loses power.
USB header is a pin connection found on a computer
motherboard that allow additional 1394 and USB
connections to be added to the computer.

34. SATA and IDE is a computer bus interface that connects host bus adapters to mass storage
devices such as hard disk drives and optical drives.
• SATA Ports IDE ports
SATA IDE

35. Front Panel and Motherboard Speaker

36. Video Cards generates a feed of output images to a display (such as a computer
monitor).
Graphics Cards

37. Ethernet Card / LAN Card
The NIC allows computers to communicate over a computer network, either by using cables or wirelessly.
The NIC is both a physical layer and data link layer device, as it provides physical access to a networking
medium and, for IEEE 802 and similar networks, provides a low-level addressing system through the use of
MAC addresses that are uniquely assigned to network interfaces.
LAN/Ethernet Port

38. Sound Card
A sound card (also known as an audio card) is an internal expansion card that provides input
and output of audio signals to and from a computer under control of computer programs.

39. Motherboard Back Panel

40. IDE, an acronym for Integrated Drive
Electronics, is a standard type of
connection for storage devices in a
computer
Integrated Drive Electronics Cable

41. SATA is an interface used to connect ATA
hard drives to a computer's motherboard.
Serial Advance Technology Attachment Cable

42. CPU – Central Processing Unit
SATA – Serial Advance Technology Attachment
CMOS – Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor
IDE – Integrated Drive Electronics
PCI – Peripheral Component Interconnect
PS2 – Peripheral Serial 2
USB – Universal Serial BUS
CNR – Communication and Networking Riser
AGP – Accelerated Graphics Port
LAN – Local Area Network
RAM – Random Access Memory
ROM – Read Only Memory
LED – Light Emitting Diode
LCD – Liquid Crystal Display
PCB – Printed Circuit Board
ITX – Information Technology Extended
PGA – Pin Grid Array
LGA – Land Grid Array