The document describes the process of modular program design using three stages: top level design, data flow, and refinements. It provides an example of designing a program to find the leading Formula 1 driver by reading a file, determining the driver with the most points, and displaying the results. The top level design shows the main steps, data flow shows input/output between steps, and refinements provide more details of each step. A second example designs a program to get daily temperatures from a user, calculate highest and lowest, and display the results.
Complete C++ programming Language CourseVivek chan
This is the Complete course of C++ Programming Language for Beginners. All Topics of C++ programming Language are covered in this single power point presentation.
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Aggregate functions are functions that take a collection of values as input and return a single value.The ISO standard defines five (5) aggregate functions namely :-
1) COUNT
2) SUM
3) AVG
4) MIN
5) MAX
1.COUNT Function
The COUNT function returns the total number of values in the specified field. It works on both numeric and non-numeric data types. All aggregate functions by default exclude nulls values before working on the data.
MIN function
The MIN function returns the smallest value in the specified table field.
2.MAX function
Just as the name suggests, the MAX function is the opposite of the MIN function. It returns the largest value from the specified table field.
3.SUM function
Suppose we want a report that gives total amount of payments made so far. We can use the MySQL SUM function which returns the sum of all the values in the specified column. SUM works on numeric fields only. Null values are excluded from the result returned.
4.AVG function
MySQL AVG function returns the average of the values in a specified column. Just like the SUM function, it works only on numeric data types.
5.MIN function
The MIN function returns the smallest value in the specified table field.
Complete C++ programming Language CourseVivek chan
This is the Complete course of C++ Programming Language for Beginners. All Topics of C++ programming Language are covered in this single power point presentation.
Visit: www.cyberlabzone.com
Aggregate functions are functions that take a collection of values as input and return a single value.The ISO standard defines five (5) aggregate functions namely :-
1) COUNT
2) SUM
3) AVG
4) MIN
5) MAX
1.COUNT Function
The COUNT function returns the total number of values in the specified field. It works on both numeric and non-numeric data types. All aggregate functions by default exclude nulls values before working on the data.
MIN function
The MIN function returns the smallest value in the specified table field.
2.MAX function
Just as the name suggests, the MAX function is the opposite of the MIN function. It returns the largest value from the specified table field.
3.SUM function
Suppose we want a report that gives total amount of payments made so far. We can use the MySQL SUM function which returns the sum of all the values in the specified column. SUM works on numeric fields only. Null values are excluded from the result returned.
4.AVG function
MySQL AVG function returns the average of the values in a specified column. Just like the SUM function, it works only on numeric data types.
5.MIN function
The MIN function returns the smallest value in the specified table field.
C++ programming program design including data structures Ahmad Idrees
The aim of this list of programming languages is to include all notable programming languages in existence, both those in current use and ... Note: This page does not list esoteric programming languages. .... Computer programming portal ...
In this lab you will learn how to use the Java Software Development Kit (SDK) with the Eclipse programming tool. In addition, you will create three simple Java programs.
Deliverables
Program files for each of the following three programs.
ShowEscapeSequences.java
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PracticeArithmeticOperators.java
At the beginning of ALL your programs, put a comment box that includes the program name, your name, and a brief description of the program.
A microprocessor is an electronic component that is used by a computer to do its work. It is a central processing unit on a single integrated circuit chip containing millions of very small components including transistors, resistors, and diodes that work together.
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This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
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Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
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Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
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June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
2. DESIGN
• The modular design of a software solution can be carried out in three
stages:
• Top level design
• the main steps that the program will carry out
• each of the main steps will become a sub-program
• Data flow
• shows the data that flows IN and OUT of each sub-program
• data IN – will be passed as a parameter from the main program into the sub-
program
• data OUT – will be returned from the sub-program back to the main program
• Refinements
• a break down of each of the main steps from the top level design
3. DESIGN EXAMPLE 1
Design a program that displays the leading driver in the Formula 1
championship. The program should:
• read the driver name and their number of points from a file
• work out the driver with the most points
• display the leading driver, and their number of points
4. TOP LEVEL DESIGN
(STRUCTURE DIAGRAM)
Leading
driver
Read drivers
and points
from file
Work out driver
with most
points
Display
leading driver
and their
points
5. DATA FLOW (STRUCTURE DIAGRAM)
Leading
driver
Read drivers
and points
from file
Work out driver
with most
points
Display
leading driver
and their
points
driver
array
points
array
points
array
position position
driver
array
6. REFINEMENTS (STRUCTURE DIAGRAM)
Leading
driver
Read drivers and
points from file
Work out driver with
most points
Display leading
driver and their
points
Open
drivers
file
Loop for
drivers
Read name
into array
Read
points into
array
Close
drivers
file
Set max
to
points[0]
Loop for
remaining
drivers
Display
driver[position]
Display
points[position
]
points >
max?
set max to
points
store position
7. DESIGN EXAMPLE 2
Design a program that asks the user to enter the temperature for 7 days,
and then calculates the highest and lowest temperatures.
8. TOP LEVEL DESIGN (PSEUDOCODE)
1. Get daily temperatures
2. Calculate highest temperature
3. Calculate lowest temperature
4. Display highest and lowest temperatures
9. DATA FLOW (PSEUDOCODE)
1. Get daily temperatures
• OUT: array of temperatures
2. Calculate highest temperature
• IN: array of temperatures
• OUT: highest temperature
3. Calculate lowest temperature
• IN: array of temperatures
• OUT: lowest temperature
4. Display highest and lowest temperatures
• IN: highest temperature, lowest temperature
10. REFINEMENTS (PSEUDOCODE)
1. Get daily temperatures
1.1 LOOP 7 TIMES
1.2 GET daily temperature FROM KEYBOARD
1.3 STORE daily temperature IN temperatures_array
11. REFINEMENTS (PSEUDOCODE)
2. Calculate highest temperature
1.1 SET highest_temp TO 1st element in temperatures_array
1.2 LOOP WITH counter FROM 2nd array element TO 7th array element
1.3 IF temperatures_array[counter] > highest_temp THEN
1.4 SET highest_temp TO temperatures_array[counter]
1.5 END IF
1.6 END LOOP
12. REFINEMENTS (PSEUDOCODE)
3. Calculate lowest temperature
1.1 SET lowest_temp TO 1st element in temperatures_array
1.2 LOOP WITH counter FROM 2nd array element TO 7th array element
1.3 IF temperatures_array[counter] < lowest_temp THEN
1.4 SET lowest_temp TO temperatures_array[counter]
1.5 END IF
1.6 END LOOP
