CSE-1111 Computer Fundamental Course, computer Science and Engineering Department University of Rajshahi

1. Definition of Computer
Computer: The word computer is taken from the Latin word “compute”
which means “calculate”.
According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the word "computer" was first
used to describe a mechanical calculating device in 1897.
A computer is an electronic and programmable device used to solve a lot of
problems in our daily life. It is used to store and process data to make
decision.

2. Historical Evolution of Computers
Father of modern computers - Charles Babbage (British mathematician)
Invented computers (mechanical): Analytical Engine, Difference Engine.
Generation of Computer: The gradual development of present computers
over past computers are divided into different time periods. Each time period
is considered as a generation of computer.
The parameters which are used to measure the development of present
computers over past computers are:
Space: Space must be minimized.
Speed: Speed must be maximized.
Capacity: Capacity must be maximized.
Cost: Cost must be minimized.
Generation of Computer

3. Generation Period Technology
First Generation Computers 1942–1955 Vacuum Tube
Second Generation Computers 1956–1965 Discrete Transistors
Third Generation Computers 1966–1975
Integrated Circuits
(ICs)-SSI
Fourth Generation Computers 1976–1985 MSI , LSI
Fifth Generation Computers 1986–onwoards VLSI, VVLSI (ULSI)
IC Chip
(1”x0.5”)
Full meaning
No. of Discrete Transistors
(Approximately)
SSI Small Scale Integration 1000
MSI Medium Scale Integration 10,000
LSI Large Scale Integration 100000
VLSI Very Large Scale Integration 10,00000
VVLSI Very Very Large Scale Integration 10000000
ULSI Ultra Large Scale Integration 10000000
Different Generation of Computers and Their Used Technologies