The document discusses the history and generations of computers from their origins to modern times. It begins with the abacus and Charles Babbage's analytical engine in the 1800s, then covers the first generation of vacuum tube computers in the 1940s like ENIAC. The second generation introduced transistors and assembly language, while the third generation saw integrated circuits and smaller size. The fourth generation included microprocessors and VLSI. The fifth generation involves artificial intelligence and systems that understand human speech.

1. Generation of Computers Presents The MP1 and MP2 MS PowerPoint presentation in COMPO 1 Laboratory

2. Introduction: The History of Computer The Industrial Revolution The Man: Charles Babbage The Abacus The Difference Engine The Analytical Engine Generation of Computers Computer Application

3. The History: The history of mankind is a history of his tools. If we take a look at mankind early evolutionary life, we will see that our ancestors made use of the various things around them to ease their work, to make themselves tougher and stronger. From the stone flints and spears with which they hunted huge mammoths and fierce bisons, to the iron implements that made them more efficient and gave them a greater command over their environment, can be seen the rise to eminence of the human race.

4. The Industrial Revolution During this period the distilled knowledge of the world around us and how it works contributed to the creation of many things that we take for granted nowadays, but which make our lives more convenient and dignified The Abacus The Ultimate Ancestor of today’s computers Use to aid in handling numerical/logical computations . Charles Babbage 1791-1871 The Father of Computing. Born on Dec. 26, 1791 in Teignmouth Devonshire UK. The one who laid the down the basic ideas for a computing machine. Invented the Analytical and Difference Engine.

5. The Difference Engine Conceive to perform quick tabular Calculations. An Algorithm that lent itself to the easy creation of a wide range of mathematical Tables. The Difference Engine was powered by Steam The Analytical Engine The First Ever Device that can be considered a computer in the modern sense of word. The Creation of over 50,000 components. It was utilize I/O media called Jacuard’s punch.

6. The Analytical Engine Jacquard’s Punch Used to lay down thread arrangement in weaving. Is a perforated card that can indicate numerical values It used the punch cards for storing operating instructions (“programs”) and would have been able to store around 1,000 numbers of up to 50 decimal places

7. Computer Generations First Generation 1940-1956 Vacuum Tubes Were Based on the use of wired circuits containing vacuum tubes, and which utilized punch cards as the main storage medium. The ENIAC Machine Language Mainly Involve the manipulation of bits (1’s or 0’s; yes or no) in order to tell the computer how to operate. ELECTRONIC NUMERICAL INTEGRATOR AND COMPUTER (ENIAC) EDVAC - ELECTRONIC DISCRETE VARIABLE AUTOMATIC COMPUTER Produced through the collaboration of the US Government and the University of Pennsylvania It consisted of 18,000 vacuum tubes, 70,000 resistors and 5 million soldered joints and occupied a space equal to a small warehouse. Designed by Von Neumann in 1945. EDVAC is the pioneer in implementing Von Neumann Architecture the Key to Which Central Processing Unit which allow all computer function to be coordinated through a single source.

8. Second Generation 1956-1963 Second Generation of Computers called Assembly Language. Assembly language essentially replaced the complicated and difficult Binary codes of Machine Language with Easier abbreviated programming codes. The Third Generation 1964-1971 The Integrated Circuits During this period, computer Development grew by great strides, marking milestones in miniaturization speed and cost efficiency. Jack Kilby and Rober Noyce was invented the first Integrated Circuits (IC) combined three components onto a small silicon disc made from quartz.

9. The Fourth Generation 1972-Present The Micro Processors The Result of All these is that computer became smaller and smaller yet they became more powerful. Today engineers are able to put millions of transistors in a single chip whose size is less than 1 inch square. Fourth Generation Computers are Characterized by the application of Advanced Engineering Techniques that allow for Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) and Ultra Large-Scale Integration (ULSI) The Fifth Generation The Term Fifth Generation as it pertains to computer systems refers to the smart systems, as in Human Smart. Can Understand Human Speech, can recognize patterns like faces and other complex Images. The Terms Broadly use are ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (A.I). Expert system and natural Language processing.