This document discusses different types of composite materials. It describes fiber reinforced composites which use strong fibers embedded in a matrix to increase strength. These include continuous fiber composites and layered composites made of stacked plies or laminates. It also discusses sandwich panels that use thin face sheets bonded to a lightweight core, and particulate, flake, and whisker reinforced composites that use various small reinforcements dispersed in a matrix. The properties and applications of these different composites are outlined.
IRJET- Experimental Evaluation of Glass Fiber Reinforced Composites Subjected...IRJET Journal
This document describes an experimental study that evaluated the mechanical properties of glass fiber reinforced composites subjected to different loads. Glass fiber reinforced laminates were manufactured using the hand layup technique with ten layers of glass fiber and epoxy resin. Standard tests were conducted to determine the tensile, compression, flexural, impact, and shear properties of the laminates according to ASTM standards. The experimental results were used to characterize the strength of the glass fiber reinforced composites and how they respond to different types of loads. The study found that glass fiber reinforced composites have superior mechanical properties compared to traditional materials making them suitable for applications in industries such as aerospace, marine, and defense.
The document summarizes a technical seminar presentation on composite materials. It defines composite materials as a combination of two or more materials that results in improved properties over the individual components. It then classifies composites, discusses factors affecting their properties, advantages and limitations. It distinguishes between smart and composite materials and provides examples of civil engineering applications of composites such as smart concrete and rehabilitation/retrofitting of structures.
Composite materials are made by combining two or more materials with different properties to create a new material with unique characteristics. The document discusses the history, types, manufacturing, and applications of composite materials. It notes that composite materials are increasingly being used in industries like automotive and aerospace due to advantages like higher strength and stiffness compared to traditional materials, while remaining lightweight. New techniques like textile composites aim to lower costs and improve performance of composites.
Review on Hybrid Composite Materials and its ApplicationsIRJET Journal
This document summarizes hybrid composite materials and their applications. It begins by defining composite materials as mixtures of two or more distinct materials that result in properties different from the individual components. Advanced composites consist of stiff fibers embedded in a matrix, such as carbon fibers in epoxy.
The document then discusses several types of composites - particle-reinforced, nanocomposites, fiber-reinforced, and graphene-based. It provides examples of each type and describes their reinforcement mechanisms. Applications are highlighted for aerospace, automotive, wind turbines, construction and more. The document concludes that studies of composite materials and technologies help research in this area.
This document discusses composite materials, which consist of a combination of two materials - a reinforcing material embedded in a matrix material. Some key points:
- Composites have properties that individual materials lack, including high strength and stiffness but lower weight.
- There are two main types of composites - particle-reinforced and fiber-reinforced. Fiber-reinforced composites are the most important technologically.
- Composites are manufactured using various techniques like filament winding, resin transfer molding, and pultrusion. Future improvements could make composites more cost-effective and suitable for more complex shapes.
- Composites offer benefits like design flexibility, high strength to
Composite materials are made from two or more constituent materials that remain separate within the finished structure. They combine the strength of a reinforcement material like fibers with the toughness of a matrix material like polymer or metal. Common reinforcements include fibers, particles, and sheets, while matrix materials include polymer, metal, and ceramic. The arrangement and properties of the reinforcement and matrix provide composites with high strength, stiffness, corrosion resistance, and other desirable properties for applications in structures, aircraft, and vehicles.
Composite make them best contenders to be used in aviation industry. Composites have revolutionized the aircraft industry through their properties especially regarding their strength & light in weight nature.
IRJET- Experimental Evaluation of Glass Fiber Reinforced Composites Subjected...IRJET Journal
This document describes an experimental study that evaluated the mechanical properties of glass fiber reinforced composites subjected to different loads. Glass fiber reinforced laminates were manufactured using the hand layup technique with ten layers of glass fiber and epoxy resin. Standard tests were conducted to determine the tensile, compression, flexural, impact, and shear properties of the laminates according to ASTM standards. The experimental results were used to characterize the strength of the glass fiber reinforced composites and how they respond to different types of loads. The study found that glass fiber reinforced composites have superior mechanical properties compared to traditional materials making them suitable for applications in industries such as aerospace, marine, and defense.
The document summarizes a technical seminar presentation on composite materials. It defines composite materials as a combination of two or more materials that results in improved properties over the individual components. It then classifies composites, discusses factors affecting their properties, advantages and limitations. It distinguishes between smart and composite materials and provides examples of civil engineering applications of composites such as smart concrete and rehabilitation/retrofitting of structures.
Composite materials are made by combining two or more materials with different properties to create a new material with unique characteristics. The document discusses the history, types, manufacturing, and applications of composite materials. It notes that composite materials are increasingly being used in industries like automotive and aerospace due to advantages like higher strength and stiffness compared to traditional materials, while remaining lightweight. New techniques like textile composites aim to lower costs and improve performance of composites.
Review on Hybrid Composite Materials and its ApplicationsIRJET Journal
This document summarizes hybrid composite materials and their applications. It begins by defining composite materials as mixtures of two or more distinct materials that result in properties different from the individual components. Advanced composites consist of stiff fibers embedded in a matrix, such as carbon fibers in epoxy.
The document then discusses several types of composites - particle-reinforced, nanocomposites, fiber-reinforced, and graphene-based. It provides examples of each type and describes their reinforcement mechanisms. Applications are highlighted for aerospace, automotive, wind turbines, construction and more. The document concludes that studies of composite materials and technologies help research in this area.
This document discusses composite materials, which consist of a combination of two materials - a reinforcing material embedded in a matrix material. Some key points:
- Composites have properties that individual materials lack, including high strength and stiffness but lower weight.
- There are two main types of composites - particle-reinforced and fiber-reinforced. Fiber-reinforced composites are the most important technologically.
- Composites are manufactured using various techniques like filament winding, resin transfer molding, and pultrusion. Future improvements could make composites more cost-effective and suitable for more complex shapes.
- Composites offer benefits like design flexibility, high strength to
Composite materials are made from two or more constituent materials that remain separate within the finished structure. They combine the strength of a reinforcement material like fibers with the toughness of a matrix material like polymer or metal. Common reinforcements include fibers, particles, and sheets, while matrix materials include polymer, metal, and ceramic. The arrangement and properties of the reinforcement and matrix provide composites with high strength, stiffness, corrosion resistance, and other desirable properties for applications in structures, aircraft, and vehicles.
Composite make them best contenders to be used in aviation industry. Composites have revolutionized the aircraft industry through their properties especially regarding their strength & light in weight nature.
Composite materials are made from two or more constituent materials that remain separate within the finished structure. They combine the strength of the reinforcement material with the toughness of the matrix material. Common reinforcement materials are fibers, particles, or sheets that are embedded in a matrix such as polymer, metal, or ceramic. The properties of the composite depend on the types and amounts of reinforcement and matrix used. Composites are used in many applications that require high strength and stiffness combined with low weight, such as buildings, bridges, boats, and aircraft.
Composites consist of a combination of two or more materials, with a matrix and fiber reinforcement. The matrix holds the fibers together and typically transfers stress between fibers. Common matrix materials include polymers and metals. Fibers provide strength and stiffness and can be made of materials like glass, carbon, and Kevlar. Composites offer advantages over traditional materials like high strength to weight ratio, corrosion resistance, and anisotropic properties that allow for tailored designs. However, they also have disadvantages like higher costs and more complex manufacturing compared to metals.
This document provides an introduction to composite materials. It defines composites as materials made of two or more inherently different materials that when combined produce properties exceeding the individual components. The matrix holds the reinforcement and transfers load, while the reinforcement provides properties like strength and stiffness. Common matrix materials include epoxies, metals, and ceramics. Fiber reinforcements include glass, carbon, and aramid fibers. The document discusses different types of composites and their applications, advantages like high strength and design flexibility, and disadvantages like anisotropic properties and difficulties in inspection.
The documents discuss composite materials, which are combinations of two or more materials that have improved properties over the individual components. Composite materials consist of a reinforcement and a matrix. Reinforcements provide strength and stiffness, while the matrix binds the reinforcements together and protects them. Common reinforcement materials include fibers of glass, carbon, and aramid. Matrix materials include polymers, metals, and ceramics. The documents describe different types of composites based on the matrix, such as polymer matrix composites, metal matrix composites, and ceramic matrix composites. Manufacturing methods for polymer matrix composites like hand lay-up, filament winding, and pultrusion are also summarized.
This document presents a summary of a student project on smart materials and nanocomposites. It defines smart materials and classifies materials into metals, ceramics, and polymers. Composites and nanocomposites are introduced as combinations of materials that produce enhanced properties. Key advantages of nanocomposites include high strength, light weight, and multifunctionality. Various engineering applications are discussed along with the need for coatings, coating components and methods. The conclusion emphasizes the protective functions of coatings and potential benefits of using nanomaterials for corrosion protection.
Unit - I _ Composite Materials (A).pptxNinad Patil
Unit 1 of the document provides an introduction to composite materials. It defines composites as materials made of two or more chemically different constituents combined macroscopically. Examples of natural composites include wood, bone, and granite. Man-made composites include concrete, plywood, fiberglass, and cermets. Composites provide advantages like strength, stiffness, corrosion resistance, and aesthetics. They are used in various industries such as automotive, aerospace, sports, transportation, and infrastructure. Composites are classified as particulate or fibrous, depending on the reinforcement material, and can have random or preferred orientation of constituents.
Dr P R Rathod from L D College of Engineering in Ahmedabad provides a document discussing composite materials. The document defines composites as materials composed of two or more chemically distinct phases at the microscopic scale that have significantly different properties. It then discusses the history of composites dating back to ancient uses of materials like papyrus and straw bricks. It also provides examples of composites in everyday life like concrete, wood, and the human body. The document then covers various topics related to composites including their constituents, classification based on matrix and reinforcement, fiber reinforced composites, and structural composite materials like laminates and sandwich structures.
IRJET- Study Analysis of Metal Bending in a Sheet Metal using Finite Elem...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that analyzed the bending of aluminum sheet metal and aluminum sandwich panels with different core materials using finite element analysis software. Sandwich panels with cores of polypropylene, polystyrene, carbon fiber, and glass fiber were modeled and their deformation and stress distributions under bending forces were compared to a monolithic aluminum sheet. The sandwich panels exhibited better bending resistance and damage resistance than the aluminum sheet. Overall, sandwich panels with the same thickness are recommended over aluminum sheets due to their better resistance to external forces. The study aims to find alternative materials to aluminum for use in aircraft to improve resistance to impacts from bird strikes.
Composites, green chemistry, biodiesel, carbon neutralityVishnu Thumma
This document provides information about a chemistry course taught at Matrusri Engineering College. The course objectives include correlating material properties with structure, applying electrochemistry principles, gaining knowledge about corrosion prevention and water treatment, and learning about green chemistry and biodiesel. The course outcomes are that students will be able to analyze battery cell potentials, identify water hardness and alkalinity, discuss polymers for various uses, identify fuel types, and outline green chemistry principles for sustainable environments and biodiesel production. One course module focuses on composites, green chemistry, and biodiesel.
Damping Of Composite Material Structures with Riveted JointsIJMER
Vibration and noise reduction are crucial in maintaining high performance level and
prolonging the useful life of machinery, automobiles, aerodynamic and spacecraft structures. It is
observed that damping in materials occur due to energy release due to micro-slips along frictional
interfaces and due to varying strain regions and interaction between the metals. But it was found
that the damping effect in metals is quite small that it can be neglected. Damping in metals is due to
the micro-slips along frictional interfaces. Composites, however, have better damping properties
than structural metals and cannot be neglected. Typically, the range of composite damping begins
where the best damped metal stops.In the present work, theoretical analysis was done on various
polymer matrix composite (glass fibre polyesters) with riveted joints by varying initial conditions.
Strain energy loss was calculated to calculate the damping in composites. Using FEA model, load
variation w.r.t time was observed and the strain energy loss calculated was utilised in finding the
material damping for Carbon fibre epoxy with riveted joints. Various simulations were performed in
ANSYS and these results were utilised to calculate the loss factor, Rayleigh‘s damping constants
and logarithmic decrement.
This document discusses different types of advanced engineering materials including metals, ceramics, polymers, organics, composites, and emerging nanomaterials. Metals are dense, high melting point materials that are ductile while ceramics are brittle with very high melting points and elastic modulus. Polymers have low density and melting points with variable strength and stiffness properties. Composites like fiber reinforced plastics combine fibers with polymer, metal, or ceramic matrices to produce materials with optimized properties. Emerging nanomaterials such as fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, and aerogels utilize the unique properties of materials at the nano-scale.
Mechanical properties of polymer composite materialseSAT Journals
Abstract In this paper, composite materials and its properties are discussed in detail. It is also discussed their importance and replacement for metals because of their properties like low weight, corrosion resistance etc. Now-a-days, there is a great importance of usage of these materials in various applications in all Engg. Fields. The paper also brings out the manufacturing techniques and costs involved.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Experimental evaluation of flexural properties of polymer matrix compositesiaemedu
This document discusses an experimental evaluation of the flexural properties of polymer matrix composites reinforced with glass and carbon fibers. Three-point bending tests were conducted on laminate beams fabricated with bi-woven glass and carbon fibers in epoxy resin. The test results showed that carbon fiber composites had higher flexural strength and stiffness compared to glass fiber composites. Additionally, increasing the laminate thickness from 2mm to 3mm improved the flexural properties. The findings from the experimental tests agreed with theoretical predictions about the superior mechanical properties of carbon fibers relative to other fiber types.
The document summarizes an experimental study that developed and tested a galvanized iron-glass fiber sandwich panel composite. The composite was fabricated by placing layers of glass fiber reinforced plastic and galvanized iron sheets in a mold. The layers were bonded using an epoxy resin and hardener mixture. Tensile tests were performed on a universal testing machine according to ASTM D638 standards. The results showed that the sandwich panel composite exhibited higher tensile strength than monolithic galvanized iron, with a maximum tensile strength of 91.018 MPa. The study concluded that the composite material has good potential for use in automotive, aerospace and marine engineering applications due to its high strength to weight ratio.
Here are the steps to solve this problem:
(i) Using the rule of mixtures:
Ec = VfEf + VmEm
= 0.4(69 GPa) + 0.6(3.4 GPa) = 30 GPa
(ii) Load carried by fibers = VfσcAc = 0.4(50 MPa)(250 mm2) = 5,000 N
Load carried by matrix = VmσcAc = 0.6(50 MPa)(250 mm2) = 6,000 N
(iii) Strain in fibers = εf = σc/Ef = 50 MPa/69 GPa = 1.69 x 10
Composite materials are composed of two or more physically distinct materials that produce improved properties over the individual components. The document discusses various types of composite materials including fiber-reinforced polymers, metal matrix composites, ceramic matrix composites, and hybrid composites. It also describes the key characteristics of the matrix and reinforcing phases including their functions, essential properties, and various forms like fibers, particles, flakes that the reinforcing phase can take. Common applications of structural composites in aircraft and construction are also mentioned.
This document provides information on composite materials, including definitions, classifications, properties, advantages, limitations, and manufacturing processes. It defines a composite as a combination of two or more materials that results in improved properties over the individual components. Composites are classified based on their matrix material, such as polymer matrix composites, metal matrix composites, ceramic matrix composites, and carbon/carbon composites. The document discusses the various types of reinforcements and fillers used in composites, as well as the functions of the matrix and factors affecting composite properties. It also outlines the advantages of composites over metallic materials, some limitations, and applications in engineering. Finally, the stages of the manufacturing process for composites are briefly described.
Experimental Test of Stainless Steel Wire Mesh and Aluminium Alloy With Glass...IJERA Editor
At present, composite materials are mostly used in aircraft structural components, because of their excellent properties like lightweight, high strength to weight ratio, high stiffness, and corrosion resistance and less expensive. In this experimental work, the mechanical properties of laminate, this is reinforced with stainless steel wire mesh, aluminum sheet metal, perforated aluminum sheet metal and glass fibers to be laminate and investigated. The stainless steel wire mesh and perforated aluminum metal were sequentially stacked to fabricate, hybrid composites. The aluminum metal sheet is also employed with that sequence to get maximum strength and less weight. The tensile, compressive and flexure tests carried out on the hybrid composite. To investigate the mechanical properties and elastic properties of the metal matrix composite laminate of a material we are using experimental test and theoretical calculation. The experimental work consists of Tensile, compressive and flexural test. The expectation of this project results in the tensile and compressive properties of this hybrid composite it is slightly lesser than carbon fibers but it could facilitate a weight reduction compared with CFRP panels. So this hybrid laminates composite material offering significant weight savings and maximum strength over some other GFRP conventional panels.
Mechatronics is a multidisciplinary field that refers to the skill sets needed in the contemporary, advanced automated manufacturing industry. At the intersection of mechanics, electronics, and computing, mechatronics specialists create simpler, smarter systems. Mechatronics is an essential foundation for the expected growth in automation and manufacturing.
Mechatronics deals with robotics, control systems, and electro-mechanical systems.
Applications of artificial Intelligence in Mechanical Engineering.pdfAtif Razi
Historically, mechanical engineering has relied heavily on human expertise and empirical methods to solve complex problems. With the introduction of computer-aided design (CAD) and finite element analysis (FEA), the field took its first steps towards digitization. These tools allowed engineers to simulate and analyze mechanical systems with greater accuracy and efficiency. However, the sheer volume of data generated by modern engineering systems and the increasing complexity of these systems have necessitated more advanced analytical tools, paving the way for AI.
AI offers the capability to process vast amounts of data, identify patterns, and make predictions with a level of speed and accuracy unattainable by traditional methods. This has profound implications for mechanical engineering, enabling more efficient design processes, predictive maintenance strategies, and optimized manufacturing operations. AI-driven tools can learn from historical data, adapt to new information, and continuously improve their performance, making them invaluable in tackling the multifaceted challenges of modern mechanical engineering.
Composite materials are made from two or more constituent materials that remain separate within the finished structure. They combine the strength of the reinforcement material with the toughness of the matrix material. Common reinforcement materials are fibers, particles, or sheets that are embedded in a matrix such as polymer, metal, or ceramic. The properties of the composite depend on the types and amounts of reinforcement and matrix used. Composites are used in many applications that require high strength and stiffness combined with low weight, such as buildings, bridges, boats, and aircraft.
Composites consist of a combination of two or more materials, with a matrix and fiber reinforcement. The matrix holds the fibers together and typically transfers stress between fibers. Common matrix materials include polymers and metals. Fibers provide strength and stiffness and can be made of materials like glass, carbon, and Kevlar. Composites offer advantages over traditional materials like high strength to weight ratio, corrosion resistance, and anisotropic properties that allow for tailored designs. However, they also have disadvantages like higher costs and more complex manufacturing compared to metals.
This document provides an introduction to composite materials. It defines composites as materials made of two or more inherently different materials that when combined produce properties exceeding the individual components. The matrix holds the reinforcement and transfers load, while the reinforcement provides properties like strength and stiffness. Common matrix materials include epoxies, metals, and ceramics. Fiber reinforcements include glass, carbon, and aramid fibers. The document discusses different types of composites and their applications, advantages like high strength and design flexibility, and disadvantages like anisotropic properties and difficulties in inspection.
The documents discuss composite materials, which are combinations of two or more materials that have improved properties over the individual components. Composite materials consist of a reinforcement and a matrix. Reinforcements provide strength and stiffness, while the matrix binds the reinforcements together and protects them. Common reinforcement materials include fibers of glass, carbon, and aramid. Matrix materials include polymers, metals, and ceramics. The documents describe different types of composites based on the matrix, such as polymer matrix composites, metal matrix composites, and ceramic matrix composites. Manufacturing methods for polymer matrix composites like hand lay-up, filament winding, and pultrusion are also summarized.
This document presents a summary of a student project on smart materials and nanocomposites. It defines smart materials and classifies materials into metals, ceramics, and polymers. Composites and nanocomposites are introduced as combinations of materials that produce enhanced properties. Key advantages of nanocomposites include high strength, light weight, and multifunctionality. Various engineering applications are discussed along with the need for coatings, coating components and methods. The conclusion emphasizes the protective functions of coatings and potential benefits of using nanomaterials for corrosion protection.
Unit - I _ Composite Materials (A).pptxNinad Patil
Unit 1 of the document provides an introduction to composite materials. It defines composites as materials made of two or more chemically different constituents combined macroscopically. Examples of natural composites include wood, bone, and granite. Man-made composites include concrete, plywood, fiberglass, and cermets. Composites provide advantages like strength, stiffness, corrosion resistance, and aesthetics. They are used in various industries such as automotive, aerospace, sports, transportation, and infrastructure. Composites are classified as particulate or fibrous, depending on the reinforcement material, and can have random or preferred orientation of constituents.
Dr P R Rathod from L D College of Engineering in Ahmedabad provides a document discussing composite materials. The document defines composites as materials composed of two or more chemically distinct phases at the microscopic scale that have significantly different properties. It then discusses the history of composites dating back to ancient uses of materials like papyrus and straw bricks. It also provides examples of composites in everyday life like concrete, wood, and the human body. The document then covers various topics related to composites including their constituents, classification based on matrix and reinforcement, fiber reinforced composites, and structural composite materials like laminates and sandwich structures.
IRJET- Study Analysis of Metal Bending in a Sheet Metal using Finite Elem...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that analyzed the bending of aluminum sheet metal and aluminum sandwich panels with different core materials using finite element analysis software. Sandwich panels with cores of polypropylene, polystyrene, carbon fiber, and glass fiber were modeled and their deformation and stress distributions under bending forces were compared to a monolithic aluminum sheet. The sandwich panels exhibited better bending resistance and damage resistance than the aluminum sheet. Overall, sandwich panels with the same thickness are recommended over aluminum sheets due to their better resistance to external forces. The study aims to find alternative materials to aluminum for use in aircraft to improve resistance to impacts from bird strikes.
Composites, green chemistry, biodiesel, carbon neutralityVishnu Thumma
This document provides information about a chemistry course taught at Matrusri Engineering College. The course objectives include correlating material properties with structure, applying electrochemistry principles, gaining knowledge about corrosion prevention and water treatment, and learning about green chemistry and biodiesel. The course outcomes are that students will be able to analyze battery cell potentials, identify water hardness and alkalinity, discuss polymers for various uses, identify fuel types, and outline green chemistry principles for sustainable environments and biodiesel production. One course module focuses on composites, green chemistry, and biodiesel.
Damping Of Composite Material Structures with Riveted JointsIJMER
Vibration and noise reduction are crucial in maintaining high performance level and
prolonging the useful life of machinery, automobiles, aerodynamic and spacecraft structures. It is
observed that damping in materials occur due to energy release due to micro-slips along frictional
interfaces and due to varying strain regions and interaction between the metals. But it was found
that the damping effect in metals is quite small that it can be neglected. Damping in metals is due to
the micro-slips along frictional interfaces. Composites, however, have better damping properties
than structural metals and cannot be neglected. Typically, the range of composite damping begins
where the best damped metal stops.In the present work, theoretical analysis was done on various
polymer matrix composite (glass fibre polyesters) with riveted joints by varying initial conditions.
Strain energy loss was calculated to calculate the damping in composites. Using FEA model, load
variation w.r.t time was observed and the strain energy loss calculated was utilised in finding the
material damping for Carbon fibre epoxy with riveted joints. Various simulations were performed in
ANSYS and these results were utilised to calculate the loss factor, Rayleigh‘s damping constants
and logarithmic decrement.
This document discusses different types of advanced engineering materials including metals, ceramics, polymers, organics, composites, and emerging nanomaterials. Metals are dense, high melting point materials that are ductile while ceramics are brittle with very high melting points and elastic modulus. Polymers have low density and melting points with variable strength and stiffness properties. Composites like fiber reinforced plastics combine fibers with polymer, metal, or ceramic matrices to produce materials with optimized properties. Emerging nanomaterials such as fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, and aerogels utilize the unique properties of materials at the nano-scale.
Mechanical properties of polymer composite materialseSAT Journals
Abstract In this paper, composite materials and its properties are discussed in detail. It is also discussed their importance and replacement for metals because of their properties like low weight, corrosion resistance etc. Now-a-days, there is a great importance of usage of these materials in various applications in all Engg. Fields. The paper also brings out the manufacturing techniques and costs involved.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Experimental evaluation of flexural properties of polymer matrix compositesiaemedu
This document discusses an experimental evaluation of the flexural properties of polymer matrix composites reinforced with glass and carbon fibers. Three-point bending tests were conducted on laminate beams fabricated with bi-woven glass and carbon fibers in epoxy resin. The test results showed that carbon fiber composites had higher flexural strength and stiffness compared to glass fiber composites. Additionally, increasing the laminate thickness from 2mm to 3mm improved the flexural properties. The findings from the experimental tests agreed with theoretical predictions about the superior mechanical properties of carbon fibers relative to other fiber types.
The document summarizes an experimental study that developed and tested a galvanized iron-glass fiber sandwich panel composite. The composite was fabricated by placing layers of glass fiber reinforced plastic and galvanized iron sheets in a mold. The layers were bonded using an epoxy resin and hardener mixture. Tensile tests were performed on a universal testing machine according to ASTM D638 standards. The results showed that the sandwich panel composite exhibited higher tensile strength than monolithic galvanized iron, with a maximum tensile strength of 91.018 MPa. The study concluded that the composite material has good potential for use in automotive, aerospace and marine engineering applications due to its high strength to weight ratio.
Here are the steps to solve this problem:
(i) Using the rule of mixtures:
Ec = VfEf + VmEm
= 0.4(69 GPa) + 0.6(3.4 GPa) = 30 GPa
(ii) Load carried by fibers = VfσcAc = 0.4(50 MPa)(250 mm2) = 5,000 N
Load carried by matrix = VmσcAc = 0.6(50 MPa)(250 mm2) = 6,000 N
(iii) Strain in fibers = εf = σc/Ef = 50 MPa/69 GPa = 1.69 x 10
Composite materials are composed of two or more physically distinct materials that produce improved properties over the individual components. The document discusses various types of composite materials including fiber-reinforced polymers, metal matrix composites, ceramic matrix composites, and hybrid composites. It also describes the key characteristics of the matrix and reinforcing phases including their functions, essential properties, and various forms like fibers, particles, flakes that the reinforcing phase can take. Common applications of structural composites in aircraft and construction are also mentioned.
This document provides information on composite materials, including definitions, classifications, properties, advantages, limitations, and manufacturing processes. It defines a composite as a combination of two or more materials that results in improved properties over the individual components. Composites are classified based on their matrix material, such as polymer matrix composites, metal matrix composites, ceramic matrix composites, and carbon/carbon composites. The document discusses the various types of reinforcements and fillers used in composites, as well as the functions of the matrix and factors affecting composite properties. It also outlines the advantages of composites over metallic materials, some limitations, and applications in engineering. Finally, the stages of the manufacturing process for composites are briefly described.
Experimental Test of Stainless Steel Wire Mesh and Aluminium Alloy With Glass...IJERA Editor
At present, composite materials are mostly used in aircraft structural components, because of their excellent properties like lightweight, high strength to weight ratio, high stiffness, and corrosion resistance and less expensive. In this experimental work, the mechanical properties of laminate, this is reinforced with stainless steel wire mesh, aluminum sheet metal, perforated aluminum sheet metal and glass fibers to be laminate and investigated. The stainless steel wire mesh and perforated aluminum metal were sequentially stacked to fabricate, hybrid composites. The aluminum metal sheet is also employed with that sequence to get maximum strength and less weight. The tensile, compressive and flexure tests carried out on the hybrid composite. To investigate the mechanical properties and elastic properties of the metal matrix composite laminate of a material we are using experimental test and theoretical calculation. The experimental work consists of Tensile, compressive and flexural test. The expectation of this project results in the tensile and compressive properties of this hybrid composite it is slightly lesser than carbon fibers but it could facilitate a weight reduction compared with CFRP panels. So this hybrid laminates composite material offering significant weight savings and maximum strength over some other GFRP conventional panels.
Mechatronics is a multidisciplinary field that refers to the skill sets needed in the contemporary, advanced automated manufacturing industry. At the intersection of mechanics, electronics, and computing, mechatronics specialists create simpler, smarter systems. Mechatronics is an essential foundation for the expected growth in automation and manufacturing.
Mechatronics deals with robotics, control systems, and electro-mechanical systems.
Applications of artificial Intelligence in Mechanical Engineering.pdfAtif Razi
Historically, mechanical engineering has relied heavily on human expertise and empirical methods to solve complex problems. With the introduction of computer-aided design (CAD) and finite element analysis (FEA), the field took its first steps towards digitization. These tools allowed engineers to simulate and analyze mechanical systems with greater accuracy and efficiency. However, the sheer volume of data generated by modern engineering systems and the increasing complexity of these systems have necessitated more advanced analytical tools, paving the way for AI.
AI offers the capability to process vast amounts of data, identify patterns, and make predictions with a level of speed and accuracy unattainable by traditional methods. This has profound implications for mechanical engineering, enabling more efficient design processes, predictive maintenance strategies, and optimized manufacturing operations. AI-driven tools can learn from historical data, adapt to new information, and continuously improve their performance, making them invaluable in tackling the multifaceted challenges of modern mechanical engineering.
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELijaia
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
Null Bangalore | Pentesters Approach to AWS IAMDivyanshu
#Abstract:
- Learn more about the real-world methods for auditing AWS IAM (Identity and Access Management) as a pentester. So let us proceed with a brief discussion of IAM as well as some typical misconfigurations and their potential exploits in order to reinforce the understanding of IAM security best practices.
- Gain actionable insights into AWS IAM policies and roles, using hands on approach.
#Prerequisites:
- Basic understanding of AWS services and architecture
- Familiarity with cloud security concepts
- Experience using the AWS Management Console or AWS CLI.
- For hands on lab create account on [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
# Scenario Covered:
- Basics of IAM in AWS
- Implementing IAM Policies with Least Privilege to Manage S3 Bucket
- Objective: Create an S3 bucket with least privilege IAM policy and validate access.
- Steps:
- Create S3 bucket.
- Attach least privilege policy to IAM user.
- Validate access.
- Exploiting IAM PassRole Misconfiguration
-Allows a user to pass a specific IAM role to an AWS service (ec2), typically used for service access delegation. Then exploit PassRole Misconfiguration granting unauthorized access to sensitive resources.
- Objective: Demonstrate how a PassRole misconfiguration can grant unauthorized access.
- Steps:
- Allow user to pass IAM role to EC2.
- Exploit misconfiguration for unauthorized access.
- Access sensitive resources.
- Exploiting IAM AssumeRole Misconfiguration with Overly Permissive Role
- An overly permissive IAM role configuration can lead to privilege escalation by creating a role with administrative privileges and allow a user to assume this role.
- Objective: Show how overly permissive IAM roles can lead to privilege escalation.
- Steps:
- Create role with administrative privileges.
- Allow user to assume the role.
- Perform administrative actions.
- Differentiation between PassRole vs AssumeRole
Try at [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
Generative AI Use cases applications solutions and implementation.pdfmahaffeycheryld
Generative AI solutions encompass a range of capabilities from content creation to complex problem-solving across industries. Implementing generative AI involves identifying specific business needs, developing tailored AI models using techniques like GANs and VAEs, and integrating these models into existing workflows. Data quality and continuous model refinement are crucial for effective implementation. Businesses must also consider ethical implications and ensure transparency in AI decision-making. Generative AI's implementation aims to enhance efficiency, creativity, and innovation by leveraging autonomous generation and sophisticated learning algorithms to meet diverse business challenges.
https://www.leewayhertz.com/generative-ai-use-cases-and-applications/
Tools & Techniques for Commissioning and Maintaining PV Systems W-Animations ...Transcat
Join us for this solutions-based webinar on the tools and techniques for commissioning and maintaining PV Systems. In this session, we'll review the process of building and maintaining a solar array, starting with installation and commissioning, then reviewing operations and maintenance of the system. This course will review insulation resistance testing, I-V curve testing, earth-bond continuity, ground resistance testing, performance tests, visual inspections, ground and arc fault testing procedures, and power quality analysis.
Fluke Solar Application Specialist Will White is presenting on this engaging topic:
Will has worked in the renewable energy industry since 2005, first as an installer for a small east coast solar integrator before adding sales, design, and project management to his skillset. In 2022, Will joined Fluke as a solar application specialist, where he supports their renewable energy testing equipment like IV-curve tracers, electrical meters, and thermal imaging cameras. Experienced in wind power, solar thermal, energy storage, and all scales of PV, Will has primarily focused on residential and small commercial systems. He is passionate about implementing high-quality, code-compliant installation techniques.
Optimizing Gradle Builds - Gradle DPE Tour Berlin 2024Sinan KOZAK
Sinan from the Delivery Hero mobile infrastructure engineering team shares a deep dive into performance acceleration with Gradle build cache optimizations. Sinan shares their journey into solving complex build-cache problems that affect Gradle builds. By understanding the challenges and solutions found in our journey, we aim to demonstrate the possibilities for faster builds. The case study reveals how overlapping outputs and cache misconfigurations led to significant increases in build times, especially as the project scaled up with numerous modules using Paparazzi tests. The journey from diagnosing to defeating cache issues offers invaluable lessons on maintaining cache integrity without sacrificing functionality.
Supermarket Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
Supermarket management is a stand-alone J2EE using Eclipse Juno program.
This project contains all the necessary required information about maintaining
the supermarket billing system.
The core idea of this project to minimize the paper work and centralize the
data. Here all the communication is taken in secure manner. That is, in this
application the information will be stored in client itself. For further security the
data base is stored in the back-end oracle and so no intruders can access it.
Height and depth gauge linear metrology.pdfq30122000
Height gauges may also be used to measure the height of an object by using the underside of the scriber as the datum. The datum may be permanently fixed or the height gauge may have provision to adjust the scale, this is done by sliding the scale vertically along the body of the height gauge by turning a fine feed screw at the top of the gauge; then with the scriber set to the same level as the base, the scale can be matched to it. This adjustment allows different scribers or probes to be used, as well as adjusting for any errors in a damaged or resharpened probe.
Digital Twins Computer Networking Paper Presentation.pptxaryanpankaj78
A Digital Twin in computer networking is a virtual representation of a physical network, used to simulate, analyze, and optimize network performance and reliability. It leverages real-time data to enhance network management, predict issues, and improve decision-making processes.
3. Classifications of Composites
Department Aeronautical Engineering,
PSNCET
FIBER REINFORCED COMPOSITE MATERIALS
Fibre - a filament with L/D very high
• A composite with fibre-reinforcement is called Fibrous Composite
• Fibers are the important class of reinforcements
• Fibers very strong
• Provide significant strength improvement to material
Ex: fiber-glass
• Continuous glass filaments in a polymer matrix
• Strength due to fibers
• Polymer simply holds them in place
• The performance of a fiber composite is judged by its length, shape, orientation, and
composition of the fibers and the mechanical properties of the matrix.
5. Classifications of Composites
Department Aeronautical Engineering,
PSNCET
STRUCTURAL COMPOSITE
A structural composite is normally composed of both homogeneous and composite
materials.
Layered composites
Layer
Lamina any of the term is used
Ply
• materials comprising of layers of materials bonded together
• may be of several layers of two or more metal materials occurring alternately or in a
determined order more than once, and in as many numbers as required for a specific
purpose
6. Classifications of Composites
Department Aeronautical Engineering,
PSNCET
Layered composites
•Usual fiber orientations: 0, 90, +/-45. By combining these orientations, the desired
strength and stiffness is achieved. Plane isotropy can be achieved.
•Fiber layers arranged in a way so that strength is maximized and weight is minimized.
•Laminated composites must always be symmetric with respect to their middle plane,
and the must also be balanced to avoid irregular distortions in the structure
•The strength and stiffness varies greatly with the orientation.
•A piling of woven materials without any bonding does not have any structural use.
Therefore a matrix is needed.
•Exclusively unidirectional composites are never used.
8. Classifications of Composites
Department Aeronautical Engineering,
PSNCET
Sandwich panels
2 external strong layers (face sheets) attached to a layer of less dense material (core)
with low stiffness and low strength
•Role of the face sheets they withstand most of the plane loads and transversal
bending stresses
•Face sheet material Al alloys, fiber-reinforced plastics, Ti, steel and plywood.
•Core material separates both face sheets and resists deformations perpendicular to
the face plane. Provide resistance to shear stress along the planes perpendicular to
the face sheets
9. Classifications of Composites
Department Aeronautical Engineering,
PSNCET
Sandwich panels
Core materials may have different and have different structures:
polymer foams, synthetic rubber, inorganic cement and balsa wood
Typical core with honeycomb structure→ thin layers arranged in hexagonal cells.
14. Classifications of Composites
Department Aeronautical Engineering,
PSNCET
Thermoplastics have one- or two-dimensional molecular structure and they tend to
at an elevated temperature and show exaggerated melting point.
Another advantage is that the process of softening at elevated temperatures can
reversed to regain its properties during cooling
Types of Matrix Materials
16. Classifications of Composites
Department Aeronautical Engineering,
PSNCET
Thermosets have qualities such as a well-bonded three-dimensional
molecular structure after curing.
They decompose instead of melting on hardening.
Types of Matrix Materials
39. Classifications of Composites
Department Aeronautical Engineering,
PSNCET
Whisker Reinforced Composites
A whisker has essentially the same near-crystal-sized diameter as a fiber but generally
is very short and stubby, although the length-to diameter ratio can be in the hundreds.
Whiskers have a preferred shape but are small both in diameter and length as
compared to fibers.
Single crystals grown with nearly zero defects are termed whiskers.
They are usually discontinuous and short fibers of different cross sections made from
several materials like graphite, silicon carbide, copper, iron etc.
Typical lengths are in 3 to 55 N.M. ranges.
Whiskers differ from particles in that, whiskers have a definite length to width ratio
greater than one.
Whiskers can have extraordinary strengths upto 7000 MPa.
40. Classifications of Composites
Department Aeronautical Engineering,
PSNCET
Whisker Reinforced Composites
Metal-whisker combination, strengthening the system at high temperatures, has
been demonstrated at the laboratory level.
But whiskers are fine, small sized materials not easy to handle and this comes in the
way of incorporating them into engineering materials to come out with a superior
quality composite system.
Early research has shown that whisker strength varies inversely with effective
diameter.
When whiskers were embedded in matrices, whiskers of diameter upto 2 to 10μm
yielded fairly good composites.
Ceramic material’s whiskers have high moduli, useful strengths and low densities.
Specific strength and specific modulus are very high and this makes ceramic
whiskers suitable for low weight structure composites.
41. Classifications of Composites
Department Aeronautical Engineering,
PSNCET
Whisker Reinforced Composites
They also resist temperature, mechanical damage and oxidation more responsively than
metallic whiskers, which are denser than ceramic whiskers.
However, they are not commercially viable because they are damaged while handling.
42. Classifications of Composites
Department Aeronautical Engineering,
PSNCET
Flakes Reinforced Composites
Flake composites consist of flat reinforcements of matrices.
Typical flake materials are glass, mica, aluminum, and silver.
Flake composites provide advantages such as high out-of-plane flexural modulus, higher
strength, and low cost.
Flakes cannot be oriented easily and only a limited number of materials are available for
use.
Flakes are often used in place of fibers as can be densely packed.
Metal flakes that are in close contact with each other in polymer matrices can conduct
electricity or heat, while mica flakes and glass can resist both.
Flakes are not expensive to produce and usually cost less than fibers.
43. Classifications of Composites
Department Aeronautical Engineering,
PSNCET
Flakes Reinforced Composites
But they fall short of expectations in aspects like control of size, shape and show
defects in the end product.
Glass flakes tend to have notches or cracks around the edges, which weaken the final
product.
They are also resistant to be lined up parallel to each other in a matrix, causing uneven
strength.
They are usually set in matrices, or more simply, held together by a matrix with a glue-
type binder.
Depending on the end-use of the product, flakes are present in small quantities or
occupy the whole composite.
Flakes have various advantages over fibers in structural applications.
Parallel flakes filled composites provide uniform mechanical properties in the same
plane as the flakes.
44. Classifications of Composites
Department Aeronautical Engineering,
PSNCET
Flakes Reinforced Composites
While angle-plying is difficult in continuous fibers which need to approach isotropic
properties, it is not so in flakes.
Flake composites have a higher theoretical modulus of elasticity than fiber reinforced
composites.
They are relatively cheaper to produce and be handled in small quantities.
45. Classifications of Composites
Department Aeronautical Engineering,
PSNCET
Particulate Reinforced Composites
Particulate composites consist of particles immersed in matrices such as alloys and
ceramics.
They are usually isotropic because the particles are added randomly.
Microstructures of metal and ceramics composites, which show particles of one phase
strewn in the other, are known as particle reinforced composites.
Square, triangular and round shapes of reinforcement are known, but the dimensions
of all their sides are observed to be more or less equal.
Various geometrical shapes (cubes, spheres, flakes, etc.)
Various materials (rubber, metal, plastics, etc.)
Have generally low strength.
46. Classifications of Composites
Department Aeronautical Engineering,
PSNCET
Particulate Reinforced Composites
The dispersed size in particulate composites is of the order of a few microns and
volume concentration is greater than 28%.
Particulate composites have advantages such as improved strength, increased
operating temperature, oxidation resistance, etc.
Typical examples include use of aluminum particles in rubber; silicon carbide
particles in aluminum; and gravel, sand, and cement to make concrete.