Complexometric method
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
2 likes•2,281 views
This is a simple presentation on Complexometric Method aka EDTA Method from 2nd semester Chemistry RTU
Report
Share
Report
Share
![Principle
Ca+2/Mg+2 + EBT [Ca+2—EBT]
(Wine Red colour/Less stable)
Ca+2/Mg+2 + EDTA [Ca+2—EDTA]
(Colour Less/More stable)
[Ca+2—EBT] [Ca+2—EDTA] + EBT
(BLUE COLOUR)](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)
Recommended
Water hardness edta
This document provides instructions for an experiment to determine water hardness using EDTA titration. Students will titrate a water sample and a blank with EDTA to find the endpoint color change. They will then use the titration data and molar concentrations to calculate the concentration of calcium and magnesium ions in the sample in units of mg/L calcium carbonate, which is a measure of water hardness. Safety precautions are outlined for handling the pH 10 buffer and indicator.
Determination of hardness of water?
The student determined the total hardness of drinking water samples from the hostel, cafe, and laboratory at Elizade University using complexometric titration with EDTA. The total hardness was calculated to be 82 mg/L for the hostel sample, 84 mg/L for the cafe sample, and 80 mg/L for the laboratory sample, indicating the water sources were moderately hard. As the differences between samples were small, the water sources were likely the same without additional filtration.
Hardness of water_new
The document describes an experiment to determine the total hardness of drinking water samples from three locations in Punjab, India. Water samples were collected from Ludhiana, Kharar, and Samrala and titrated against EDTA using an indicator. The total hardness was calculated and found to be 82 mg/L, 84 mg/L, and 80 mg/L, respectively, indicating moderately hard water. The difference in hardness between the three samples was not significant.
Hardness of water
Generally hardness of water is defined as the measure of capacity of water to precipitate soap i.e., the capacity of the water to form lather with soap.
Hard water contains dissolved minerals such as Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe3+, SO4 2- ,etc.,
The degree of hardness is measured in Parts Per Million(ppm) or Grams per Gallon(GPG).
Hard water is better for drinking because it contains minerals.
Soft water is better for cleaning because it doesn’t form scum with soap.
Hardness of water is a measure of the total concentration of the calcium and magnesium ions expressed as calcium carbonate.
There are two types of hardness
1. Temporary hardness
Temporary Hardness is due to the presence of bicarbonates of calcium and magnesium. It can be easily removed by boiling.
Ca (HCO3 ) CaCO3 +CO2 +H2O
2. Permanent hardness
Permanent Hardness is due to the presence of chlorides and sulphates of calcium and magnesium. This type of hardness cannot be removed by boiling.
Determining of hardness of water
This document provides information about determining the total hardness of a water sample using EDTA titration. It defines hardness as the concentration of calcium and magnesium ions in water. The document outlines the theory behind using EDTA to chelate calcium and magnesium ions, describes the chemicals and apparatus needed, and provides step-by-step instructions for performing an EDTA titration to quantify total water hardness.
Seminar project
This document presents information on the hardness of water, including its constituents, occurrence, structure, types (temporary and permanent), methods of determination (soap solution and EDTA methods), units of measurement in terms of calcium carbonate, and effects. Hardness is caused by calcium and magnesium ions which reduce the lathering ability of soap. There are two types - temporary (removed by boiling) and permanent. Methods to determine hardness involve titrating water samples against soap or EDTA solutions.
Wpt3lecture
The document discusses various topics related to water treatment for textile processing including:
1. Classification and properties of water used for textiles. Hard water can cause issues so standards for textile supply water are outlined.
2. Causes and scales of water hardness. Methods for estimating total, temporary, and permanent hardness are described.
3. Problems hardness causes in wet processing like precipitation and efficiency reductions. Methods to soften water like lime-soda, ion exchange, and demineralization are summarized.
Theory and measurement of hardness ppt version 1
The document discusses water hardness, including what causes it and different types. It defines hardness as the capacity of water to form soap lather. Hardness is caused by calcium, magnesium, bicarbonates, and sulfates. There are two types: temporary (removed by boiling) and permanent (requires water softening). Methods to measure and remove hardness are also described. Hard water can cause scaling in pipes and appliances.
Recommended
Water hardness edta
This document provides instructions for an experiment to determine water hardness using EDTA titration. Students will titrate a water sample and a blank with EDTA to find the endpoint color change. They will then use the titration data and molar concentrations to calculate the concentration of calcium and magnesium ions in the sample in units of mg/L calcium carbonate, which is a measure of water hardness. Safety precautions are outlined for handling the pH 10 buffer and indicator.
Determination of hardness of water?
The student determined the total hardness of drinking water samples from the hostel, cafe, and laboratory at Elizade University using complexometric titration with EDTA. The total hardness was calculated to be 82 mg/L for the hostel sample, 84 mg/L for the cafe sample, and 80 mg/L for the laboratory sample, indicating the water sources were moderately hard. As the differences between samples were small, the water sources were likely the same without additional filtration.
Hardness of water_new
The document describes an experiment to determine the total hardness of drinking water samples from three locations in Punjab, India. Water samples were collected from Ludhiana, Kharar, and Samrala and titrated against EDTA using an indicator. The total hardness was calculated and found to be 82 mg/L, 84 mg/L, and 80 mg/L, respectively, indicating moderately hard water. The difference in hardness between the three samples was not significant.
Hardness of water
Generally hardness of water is defined as the measure of capacity of water to precipitate soap i.e., the capacity of the water to form lather with soap.
Hard water contains dissolved minerals such as Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe3+, SO4 2- ,etc.,
The degree of hardness is measured in Parts Per Million(ppm) or Grams per Gallon(GPG).
Hard water is better for drinking because it contains minerals.
Soft water is better for cleaning because it doesn’t form scum with soap.
Hardness of water is a measure of the total concentration of the calcium and magnesium ions expressed as calcium carbonate.
There are two types of hardness
1. Temporary hardness
Temporary Hardness is due to the presence of bicarbonates of calcium and magnesium. It can be easily removed by boiling.
Ca (HCO3 ) CaCO3 +CO2 +H2O
2. Permanent hardness
Permanent Hardness is due to the presence of chlorides and sulphates of calcium and magnesium. This type of hardness cannot be removed by boiling.
Determining of hardness of water
This document provides information about determining the total hardness of a water sample using EDTA titration. It defines hardness as the concentration of calcium and magnesium ions in water. The document outlines the theory behind using EDTA to chelate calcium and magnesium ions, describes the chemicals and apparatus needed, and provides step-by-step instructions for performing an EDTA titration to quantify total water hardness.
Seminar project
This document presents information on the hardness of water, including its constituents, occurrence, structure, types (temporary and permanent), methods of determination (soap solution and EDTA methods), units of measurement in terms of calcium carbonate, and effects. Hardness is caused by calcium and magnesium ions which reduce the lathering ability of soap. There are two types - temporary (removed by boiling) and permanent. Methods to determine hardness involve titrating water samples against soap or EDTA solutions.
Wpt3lecture
The document discusses various topics related to water treatment for textile processing including:
1. Classification and properties of water used for textiles. Hard water can cause issues so standards for textile supply water are outlined.
2. Causes and scales of water hardness. Methods for estimating total, temporary, and permanent hardness are described.
3. Problems hardness causes in wet processing like precipitation and efficiency reductions. Methods to soften water like lime-soda, ion exchange, and demineralization are summarized.
Theory and measurement of hardness ppt version 1
The document discusses water hardness, including what causes it and different types. It defines hardness as the capacity of water to form soap lather. Hardness is caused by calcium, magnesium, bicarbonates, and sulfates. There are two types: temporary (removed by boiling) and permanent (requires water softening). Methods to measure and remove hardness are also described. Hard water can cause scaling in pipes and appliances.
Water softening ce3
This document discusses various methods for water softening including:
1. Removal of temporary hardness can be done by boiling or adding lime to precipitate calcium carbonate.
2. Permanent hardness can be removed through chemical precipitation using lime soda ash or ion exchange which replaces calcium and magnesium ions with sodium ions.
3. Demineralization passes water through cation then anion exchange resins to remove all minerals including hardness.
Lime Soda Process - Softening Of Water
The document describes the lime soda process, an obsolete method for softening hard water. It works by precipitating calcium and magnesium ions through the addition of lime (Ca(OH)2) and soda ash (Na2CO3). The process can be done hot or cold and involves a series of chemical reactions to remove carbonate, sulfate, and magnesium hardness. While once widely used to treat large volumes of water, the lime soda process has limitations and cannot produce completely soft water.
Ex 6 bod
This document outlines a procedure for determining biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) in water and wastewater samples over a 5 day incubation period. Various reagents are prepared, including a phosphate buffer, magnesium sulfate, calcium chloride, and ferric chloride solutions. A wastewater sample is diluted with dilution water and its initial and final dissolved oxygen concentrations are measured. BOD5 is then calculated based on the oxygen consumed. Results are discussed by comparing to water quality standards and factors affecting BOD5 degradation are addressed.
Solid matter 1
This document summarizes a student's laboratory experiment to test total solid matter in a water sample. The student measured total solids by drying a water sample and calculating the difference in weight. The total solids in the sample were 33.73 mg/l, which is within the required limit of 500 mg/l for domestic water use according to USPHS standards. Solid analyses are important for controlling water treatment processes and ensuring water quality standards are met.
IRJET- Hardness Removal of Groundwater by using Optimum Lime-Soda Process
The document summarizes a study on removing hardness from groundwater in Surat, India using a lime-soda process. Water samples were collected from four zones in Surat with average hardness of 500 mg/L as CaCO3. Jar tests were conducted with varying dosages of lime and soda ash to determine the optimal dosage. Results showed that increasing lime dosage decreased total hardness concentrations. The pH also increased with higher lime and soda ash dosages. The lime-soda process successfully reduced hardness in the groundwater samples.
Anilisis Kadar DO dan BOD Pada Perairan
Tujuan dari dilakukannya percobaan ini yaitu untuk mengetahui kadar DO dan BOD pada perairan yang akan dibandingkan dengan baku mutu menurut peraturan pemerintah dan baku mutu lainnya.
Water supply and sewerage engineering laboratory
The document discusses water quality testing performed on samples from the First Ladies Hall of Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet. Water samples were tested for various parameters under water supply engineering (drinking water) and sewerage engineering (sewage). For drinking water, tests found the pH, carbon dioxide, turbidity, alkalinity, iron, and manganese levels were all within acceptable limits for drinking water. For sewage, tests were conducted to determine total solids, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, and chloride. The hardness of the water sample was also found to be within acceptable limits.
Bod analysis schematic diagram
A Schematic diagram of the procedure in BOD analysis
(Note that some steps may not be presented explicitly)
coagulation and flocculation Processes for waste water treatment
After the coagulation and flocculation process, the wastewater is treated up to that parameter (COD, BOD, etc.) which are acceptable as per government criteria to dump into water bodies instead of directly dumping and also to overcome problems like toxicity and health hazard posed by inorganic coagulants, production of large amount of toxic sludge, ineffectiveness in removing heavy metals and emerging contaminants, increase in effluent color, inefficient pollutant removal using natural coagulants, and complexity of scaling up procedure are presented
Water05 (1) (1)
This document describes a procedure for determining water hardness through titration with EDTA. Water hardness is defined as the calcium and magnesium ion content and is reported in parts per million (ppm) of calcium carbonate. The titration uses EDTA to chelate calcium and magnesium ions until the indicator Eriochrome Black T changes color, signaling the endpoint. Standard solutions of calcium carbonate and EDTA are prepared and used to determine the concentration of EDTA and calculate water hardness based on the volume of EDTA needed to reach the endpoint in a sample.
Department of biochemistry cell ad molecular biology (1)
1) This experiment aimed to determine the statistical errors associated with diluting a 10M NaOH solution to 0.05M using seven different dilution pathways, including both direct and serial dilutions.
2) The results showed that all dilution pathways produced solutions with concentrations between 0.024M to 0.031M, indicating errors of 0.02-0.03 compared to the theoretical concentration of 0.05M. The serial dilution pathways had higher errors than the direct dilution.
3) Sources of error included inaccuracies in measuring and transferring small volumes, inefficiencies in mixing during serial dilutions, and analyte absorption to container surfaces during transfers. The highest number of dilution steps corresponded to the largest
Unit 03 Photosynthesis Lab Non Inquiry Version General Biology
This document describes an experiment to test whether the amount of light an aquatic plant receives affects the level of carbon dioxide in the surrounding water. The experiment uses bromothymol blue solution, which changes color in the presence of carbon dioxide, and Elodea plant pieces. Test tubes containing the solution and plant pieces were placed in light or dark conditions. Over time, the solution in the light test tubes was expected to change color as the plant photosynthesizes, while the solution in the dark test tubes was expected to remain the same color. Observations of color changes in the solutions would indicate whether the level of carbon dioxide differed between the light and dark conditions.
Assessment of the leachability and mechanical stability of mud from a zinc pl...
Assessment of the leachability and mechanical stability of mud from a zinc pl...eSAT Publishing House
This document summarizes a study that examined immobilizing mud from a zinc plating plant and waste zeolite materials with Portland cement. Samples with different proportions of mud and zeolite-mud mixtures were prepared and tested. Leachability was assessed using a modified leaching test, where zinc concentrations in eluates were measured after different time periods. A diffusion model was used to assess zinc diffusion speeds and leaching mechanisms. Mechanical strength tests were also conducted. The study aimed to determine the effectiveness of immobilizing zinc-containing wastes with cement and understand the chemical and physical processes involved.RoHs report of am labels from jizosecurity
This document is a test report from SGS-CSTC Standards Technical Services (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. analyzing samples submitted by SHANGHAI JIZO TRADING CO.,LTD. for lead, mercury, cadmium, and hexavalent chromium content. Testing was performed from June 27 to June 30, 2017 according to specified standards. The results indicated that the sample identified as AM Label, a silvery metal, complied with limits for lead, mercury, cadmium, and hexavalent chromium as defined by the RoHS Directive. The report provides test methods used and details of sample preparation and testing procedures.
DESH BANDHU GANGWAR, Carbohydrate
This document describes 9 qualitative tests for carbohydrates: 1) Molish test detects carbohydrates using alpha-naphthol which produces a purple color. 2) Anthrone test uses anthrone reagent to detect sugars and produces a blue-green color. 3) Benedict's test detects reducing sugars using a copper sulfate solution that forms a red precipitate. 4) Picric acid test also detects reducing sugars, forming a red color. 5) Bial's test detects carbohydrates using orcinol and ferric chloride, producing a blue color. 6) Iodine test detects carbohydrates, changing color when mixed with iodine. 7) Borfoed's test detects reducing
Effect of hardness of water on fixation and total wash off percentage of reac...
Effect of hardness of water on fixation and total wash off percentage of reac...Elias Khalil (ইলিয়াস খলিল)
Dye-house water quality is the most important parameter to be confirmed before dyeing; precisely the presence of metal content i.e. Hardness. This research will investigate & analyses the impact of separate hardness (i.e. Calcium, Magnesium & Iron) on particular „Turquoise‟ (C.I. Reactive Blue 21) & a „High Exhaustion‟ class (C.I. HE Red 120, C.I. HE Yellow 84) of Reactive dye on cotton knitted-fabric. From evaluation of dyed fabric the range of metal content is sorted out where the quality starts to fluctuate as distinctive visible & spectral change of shade & fixation rate of the dye molecules has been found. The result of the work will help for further projection about water quality degradation in upcoming years & its effect on dyeing behavior, also the sustainability of present dyeing process to cope with the ever degrading quality of water.17 09 08 matter
This document contains information about the densities of various substances including:
- Calcium, neon, carbon monoxide, ethyl alcohol, coke, and Gatorade.
- The densities of gold, silver, benzene, and other unlabeled substances are provided in g/mL.
- Steps are provided for calculating density using mass and volume measurements.
- The document also discusses physical states of matter and properties of select elements and compounds.
Gravimetry
This document discusses the principles and methods of gravimetric analysis. Gravimetric analysis involves quantitatively estimating an element or compound based on weighing it after isolation. The key steps are: 1) converting the analyte into an insoluble precipitate of known composition, 2) purifying it by washing, 3) weighing the dried residue to calculate the amount of analyte based on its composition. Common gravimetric methods include precipitation, volatilization, electrogravimetry, and particulate methods. Considerations for choosing appropriate precipitates and weighed forms include solubility, structure, and composition.
RRLpaperTiSi
The document summarizes research on the phase transformation of sol-gel titania containing silica. Key findings include:
1) The addition of 5-10% silica to titania increases the specific surface area of the material from 89 m2/g to over 200 m2/g. Using ethanol as the solvent medium achieved the highest surface area of 232 m2/g.
2) The addition of silica increases the anatase-rutile phase transformation temperature of titania from around 800°C to higher temperatures.
3) The phase transformation was studied using X-ray diffraction and impedance spectroscopy. The addition of methanol or ethanol was found to enhance the formation of the rutile
Complexation titration (1) (1)
This document discusses complexation titration and the use of EDTA titration. Complexation titration involves the titration of a metal ion with a ligand like EDTA to form a colored complex. EDTA is a common chelating agent used due to its high stability constants. It can bind metal ions through multiple atoms. EDTA titrations can be direct, indirect, back, or displacement titrations depending on the method used. Metal ion indicators are also used to detect the color change at the endpoint of the titration.
Complexometric titration
This document discusses complexometric titration using EDTA. It describes the requirements for complexometric titration including that the formation constant (Kf) must be high and the reaction rate must be fast. It explains that EDTA fulfills these requirements and can be used for direct, indirect, substitution and back titration. It also discusses the selectivity of EDTA through controlling pH, masking/demasking techniques, and precipitation or redox reactions to selectively analyze mixtures.
Edta
Here are the steps to solve this problem:
1) Volume of Ag+ solution = 25 mL
Moles of Ag+ = (0.0100 M) * (0.025 L) = 2.5 x 10-5 moles
2) Volume of EDTA solution = 15 mL
Moles of EDTA = (0.0200 M) * (0.015 L) = 3.0 x 10-5 moles
3) Ratio of Ag+ to EDTA is 1:1
Moles of AgEDTA formed = Minimum(Moles Ag+, Moles EDTA) = 2.5 x 10-5 moles
4) Kf' = α * Kf
More Related Content
What's hot
Water softening ce3
This document discusses various methods for water softening including:
1. Removal of temporary hardness can be done by boiling or adding lime to precipitate calcium carbonate.
2. Permanent hardness can be removed through chemical precipitation using lime soda ash or ion exchange which replaces calcium and magnesium ions with sodium ions.
3. Demineralization passes water through cation then anion exchange resins to remove all minerals including hardness.
Lime Soda Process - Softening Of Water
The document describes the lime soda process, an obsolete method for softening hard water. It works by precipitating calcium and magnesium ions through the addition of lime (Ca(OH)2) and soda ash (Na2CO3). The process can be done hot or cold and involves a series of chemical reactions to remove carbonate, sulfate, and magnesium hardness. While once widely used to treat large volumes of water, the lime soda process has limitations and cannot produce completely soft water.
Ex 6 bod
This document outlines a procedure for determining biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) in water and wastewater samples over a 5 day incubation period. Various reagents are prepared, including a phosphate buffer, magnesium sulfate, calcium chloride, and ferric chloride solutions. A wastewater sample is diluted with dilution water and its initial and final dissolved oxygen concentrations are measured. BOD5 is then calculated based on the oxygen consumed. Results are discussed by comparing to water quality standards and factors affecting BOD5 degradation are addressed.
Solid matter 1
This document summarizes a student's laboratory experiment to test total solid matter in a water sample. The student measured total solids by drying a water sample and calculating the difference in weight. The total solids in the sample were 33.73 mg/l, which is within the required limit of 500 mg/l for domestic water use according to USPHS standards. Solid analyses are important for controlling water treatment processes and ensuring water quality standards are met.
IRJET- Hardness Removal of Groundwater by using Optimum Lime-Soda Process
The document summarizes a study on removing hardness from groundwater in Surat, India using a lime-soda process. Water samples were collected from four zones in Surat with average hardness of 500 mg/L as CaCO3. Jar tests were conducted with varying dosages of lime and soda ash to determine the optimal dosage. Results showed that increasing lime dosage decreased total hardness concentrations. The pH also increased with higher lime and soda ash dosages. The lime-soda process successfully reduced hardness in the groundwater samples.
Anilisis Kadar DO dan BOD Pada Perairan
Tujuan dari dilakukannya percobaan ini yaitu untuk mengetahui kadar DO dan BOD pada perairan yang akan dibandingkan dengan baku mutu menurut peraturan pemerintah dan baku mutu lainnya.
Water supply and sewerage engineering laboratory
The document discusses water quality testing performed on samples from the First Ladies Hall of Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet. Water samples were tested for various parameters under water supply engineering (drinking water) and sewerage engineering (sewage). For drinking water, tests found the pH, carbon dioxide, turbidity, alkalinity, iron, and manganese levels were all within acceptable limits for drinking water. For sewage, tests were conducted to determine total solids, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, and chloride. The hardness of the water sample was also found to be within acceptable limits.
Bod analysis schematic diagram
A Schematic diagram of the procedure in BOD analysis
(Note that some steps may not be presented explicitly)
coagulation and flocculation Processes for waste water treatment
After the coagulation and flocculation process, the wastewater is treated up to that parameter (COD, BOD, etc.) which are acceptable as per government criteria to dump into water bodies instead of directly dumping and also to overcome problems like toxicity and health hazard posed by inorganic coagulants, production of large amount of toxic sludge, ineffectiveness in removing heavy metals and emerging contaminants, increase in effluent color, inefficient pollutant removal using natural coagulants, and complexity of scaling up procedure are presented
Water05 (1) (1)
This document describes a procedure for determining water hardness through titration with EDTA. Water hardness is defined as the calcium and magnesium ion content and is reported in parts per million (ppm) of calcium carbonate. The titration uses EDTA to chelate calcium and magnesium ions until the indicator Eriochrome Black T changes color, signaling the endpoint. Standard solutions of calcium carbonate and EDTA are prepared and used to determine the concentration of EDTA and calculate water hardness based on the volume of EDTA needed to reach the endpoint in a sample.
Department of biochemistry cell ad molecular biology (1)
1) This experiment aimed to determine the statistical errors associated with diluting a 10M NaOH solution to 0.05M using seven different dilution pathways, including both direct and serial dilutions.
2) The results showed that all dilution pathways produced solutions with concentrations between 0.024M to 0.031M, indicating errors of 0.02-0.03 compared to the theoretical concentration of 0.05M. The serial dilution pathways had higher errors than the direct dilution.
3) Sources of error included inaccuracies in measuring and transferring small volumes, inefficiencies in mixing during serial dilutions, and analyte absorption to container surfaces during transfers. The highest number of dilution steps corresponded to the largest
Unit 03 Photosynthesis Lab Non Inquiry Version General Biology
This document describes an experiment to test whether the amount of light an aquatic plant receives affects the level of carbon dioxide in the surrounding water. The experiment uses bromothymol blue solution, which changes color in the presence of carbon dioxide, and Elodea plant pieces. Test tubes containing the solution and plant pieces were placed in light or dark conditions. Over time, the solution in the light test tubes was expected to change color as the plant photosynthesizes, while the solution in the dark test tubes was expected to remain the same color. Observations of color changes in the solutions would indicate whether the level of carbon dioxide differed between the light and dark conditions.
Assessment of the leachability and mechanical stability of mud from a zinc pl...
Assessment of the leachability and mechanical stability of mud from a zinc pl...eSAT Publishing House
This document summarizes a study that examined immobilizing mud from a zinc plating plant and waste zeolite materials with Portland cement. Samples with different proportions of mud and zeolite-mud mixtures were prepared and tested. Leachability was assessed using a modified leaching test, where zinc concentrations in eluates were measured after different time periods. A diffusion model was used to assess zinc diffusion speeds and leaching mechanisms. Mechanical strength tests were also conducted. The study aimed to determine the effectiveness of immobilizing zinc-containing wastes with cement and understand the chemical and physical processes involved.RoHs report of am labels from jizosecurity
This document is a test report from SGS-CSTC Standards Technical Services (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. analyzing samples submitted by SHANGHAI JIZO TRADING CO.,LTD. for lead, mercury, cadmium, and hexavalent chromium content. Testing was performed from June 27 to June 30, 2017 according to specified standards. The results indicated that the sample identified as AM Label, a silvery metal, complied with limits for lead, mercury, cadmium, and hexavalent chromium as defined by the RoHS Directive. The report provides test methods used and details of sample preparation and testing procedures.
DESH BANDHU GANGWAR, Carbohydrate
This document describes 9 qualitative tests for carbohydrates: 1) Molish test detects carbohydrates using alpha-naphthol which produces a purple color. 2) Anthrone test uses anthrone reagent to detect sugars and produces a blue-green color. 3) Benedict's test detects reducing sugars using a copper sulfate solution that forms a red precipitate. 4) Picric acid test also detects reducing sugars, forming a red color. 5) Bial's test detects carbohydrates using orcinol and ferric chloride, producing a blue color. 6) Iodine test detects carbohydrates, changing color when mixed with iodine. 7) Borfoed's test detects reducing
Effect of hardness of water on fixation and total wash off percentage of reac...
Effect of hardness of water on fixation and total wash off percentage of reac...Elias Khalil (ইলিয়াস খলিল)
Dye-house water quality is the most important parameter to be confirmed before dyeing; precisely the presence of metal content i.e. Hardness. This research will investigate & analyses the impact of separate hardness (i.e. Calcium, Magnesium & Iron) on particular „Turquoise‟ (C.I. Reactive Blue 21) & a „High Exhaustion‟ class (C.I. HE Red 120, C.I. HE Yellow 84) of Reactive dye on cotton knitted-fabric. From evaluation of dyed fabric the range of metal content is sorted out where the quality starts to fluctuate as distinctive visible & spectral change of shade & fixation rate of the dye molecules has been found. The result of the work will help for further projection about water quality degradation in upcoming years & its effect on dyeing behavior, also the sustainability of present dyeing process to cope with the ever degrading quality of water.17 09 08 matter
This document contains information about the densities of various substances including:
- Calcium, neon, carbon monoxide, ethyl alcohol, coke, and Gatorade.
- The densities of gold, silver, benzene, and other unlabeled substances are provided in g/mL.
- Steps are provided for calculating density using mass and volume measurements.
- The document also discusses physical states of matter and properties of select elements and compounds.
Gravimetry
This document discusses the principles and methods of gravimetric analysis. Gravimetric analysis involves quantitatively estimating an element or compound based on weighing it after isolation. The key steps are: 1) converting the analyte into an insoluble precipitate of known composition, 2) purifying it by washing, 3) weighing the dried residue to calculate the amount of analyte based on its composition. Common gravimetric methods include precipitation, volatilization, electrogravimetry, and particulate methods. Considerations for choosing appropriate precipitates and weighed forms include solubility, structure, and composition.
RRLpaperTiSi
The document summarizes research on the phase transformation of sol-gel titania containing silica. Key findings include:
1) The addition of 5-10% silica to titania increases the specific surface area of the material from 89 m2/g to over 200 m2/g. Using ethanol as the solvent medium achieved the highest surface area of 232 m2/g.
2) The addition of silica increases the anatase-rutile phase transformation temperature of titania from around 800°C to higher temperatures.
3) The phase transformation was studied using X-ray diffraction and impedance spectroscopy. The addition of methanol or ethanol was found to enhance the formation of the rutile
What's hot (19)
IRJET- Hardness Removal of Groundwater by using Optimum Lime-Soda Process
IRJET- Hardness Removal of Groundwater by using Optimum Lime-Soda Process
coagulation and flocculation Processes for waste water treatment
coagulation and flocculation Processes for waste water treatment
Department of biochemistry cell ad molecular biology (1)
Department of biochemistry cell ad molecular biology (1)
Unit 03 Photosynthesis Lab Non Inquiry Version General Biology
Unit 03 Photosynthesis Lab Non Inquiry Version General Biology
Assessment of the leachability and mechanical stability of mud from a zinc pl...
Assessment of the leachability and mechanical stability of mud from a zinc pl...
Effect of hardness of water on fixation and total wash off percentage of reac...
Effect of hardness of water on fixation and total wash off percentage of reac...
Viewers also liked
Complexation titration (1) (1)
This document discusses complexation titration and the use of EDTA titration. Complexation titration involves the titration of a metal ion with a ligand like EDTA to form a colored complex. EDTA is a common chelating agent used due to its high stability constants. It can bind metal ions through multiple atoms. EDTA titrations can be direct, indirect, back, or displacement titrations depending on the method used. Metal ion indicators are also used to detect the color change at the endpoint of the titration.
Complexometric titration
This document discusses complexometric titration using EDTA. It describes the requirements for complexometric titration including that the formation constant (Kf) must be high and the reaction rate must be fast. It explains that EDTA fulfills these requirements and can be used for direct, indirect, substitution and back titration. It also discusses the selectivity of EDTA through controlling pH, masking/demasking techniques, and precipitation or redox reactions to selectively analyze mixtures.
Edta
Here are the steps to solve this problem:
1) Volume of Ag+ solution = 25 mL
Moles of Ag+ = (0.0100 M) * (0.025 L) = 2.5 x 10-5 moles
2) Volume of EDTA solution = 15 mL
Moles of EDTA = (0.0200 M) * (0.015 L) = 3.0 x 10-5 moles
3) Ratio of Ag+ to EDTA is 1:1
Moles of AgEDTA formed = Minimum(Moles Ag+, Moles EDTA) = 2.5 x 10-5 moles
4) Kf' = α * Kf
Complexomety in analytical study
This document discusses complexometric titrations using ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) as the titrant. It describes how EDTA forms stable 1:1 complexes with metal ions and can be used to titrate metals in various ways, including direct titration, back-titration, and replacement titration. It also explains the importance of pH and discusses indicators used for different metal-EDTA complexes. Calcium titrations are discussed as an example, noting how magnesium ions improve the sharpness of the endpoint when using solochrome black indicator.
Complexometric titration
this eperiment was done by
Anet Mengesha Dube
at addis ababa university
addis ababa institute of tecnology
school of bio &chemichal_engineering
2nd year student
Complexometric titrations
Md : Obydulla Al Mamun
Id:131-29-500
9th(B)
Department Of Pharmacy
Daffodil International University
almamundcc94@gmail.com
Types of titrations
This document discusses different types of titrations used in analytical chemistry. It describes four main types: acid-base titrations, complexometric titrations, precipitation titrations, and redox titrations. It provides examples of each type, including EDTA titrations used for complexometric titrations to determine hardness, Mohr's method for precipitation titration of chloride ions, and titration of iron using potassium dichromate for redox titrations. The document also covers topics like concentration systems, including definitions and calculations involving molarity, molality, formality, and normality.
Viewers also liked (7)
Similar to Complexometric method
Determination of hardness in water .pdf
1. The document describes the determination of hardness in water samples by complexometric titration using EDTA. Total hardness is defined as the sum of calcium and magnesium ions and is expressed in parts per million of calcium carbonate.
2. EDTA forms stable complexes with Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions at pH 9-10, allowing for their quantification via titration. The endpoint is indicated by a color change of the indicator Eriochrome Black T from grape/wine red to blue.
3. A sample water is titrated with standardized EDTA solution and the total hardness is calculated based on the volume used and concentration of EDTA. Calcium hardness is also determined by titrating at pH 12,
Dyeing
The document discusses water treatment and hardness for textile processing. It defines hardness as the condition where soap is less effective at forming foam due to the presence of calcium and magnesium ions. Hard water can cause issues like precipitates, poor dyeing and finishing results. Methods for determining total, temporary and permanent hardness are presented. Total hardness is measured by titrating with EDTA, while temporary hardness can be removed by boiling and titrating the residual with HCl. Common methods for softening hard water include lime-soda processing, ion exchange, demineralization, and use of sequestering agents.
Presentation1 edta mg
• A chelate is formed when a metal ion coordinates with two (or more) donor groups of a single ligand. Tertiary amine compounds such as ethylenadiaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) are widely used for the formation of chelates.
• Complexometric titrations with EDTA have been reported for the analysis of nearly all metal ions The endpoint of the titration is determined by the addition of Eriochrome Black T, which forms a colored chelate with Mg 2+ and undergoes a color change when the Mg 2+ is released to form a chelate with EDTA
22CYL13 & Chemistry Laboratory for FT (FT-Ca & Mg).ppt
This document provides instructions for estimating the amount of calcium and magnesium in food samples using complexometric titration with EDTA. It describes titrating a standard hard water sample against a standardized EDTA solution to determine the EDTA concentration. This standardized EDTA is then used to titrate sample hard water and determine total, calcium, and magnesium hardness levels present. The document lists the materials, procedure, and questions to ask during the experiment. The results will provide the concentration of total hardness, calcium hardness, and magnesium hardness in the sample water in ppm units.
WATER and ITS TREATMENT.pdf
This document discusses water hardness, its determination using EDTA titration, and methods for water softening. It provides details on:
- Temporary and permanent hardness, and their sources
- Calculating hardness from ion concentrations using equivalents of CaCO3
- The EDTA titration process for determining total hardness
- Examples of calculations for total, temporary and permanent hardness
The key points are that hardness is caused by calcium, magnesium, and other ions, and is classified as temporary (removable by boiling) or permanent. Total hardness can be determined by titrating a water sample with EDTA and calculating concentration in terms of CaCO3 equivalents. Temporary hardness is the difference between total and permanent hardness
Determination of hardness of water
The basic meaning of hardness of water and the determination of the degree of hardness of water by EDTA titration method.
water technology.pptx
This document discusses water technology and the analysis of water hardness. It outlines various sources of water including rainwater, surface water, groundwater, and seawater. Water can become impure through dissolving gases, minerals, and organic matter. Hardness in water is caused by calcium, magnesium, and other ions and prevents soap from lathering. Hardness can be temporary (removed by boiling) or permanent. The document describes methods for measuring hardness using EDTA titration and calculating hardness levels in terms of calcium carbonate equivalents and other units.
Assay of calcium gluconate
The document provides instructions for performing an assay of calcium gluconate by complexometry, including preparing standard EDTA and magnesium sulfate solutions, titrating calcium gluconate against EDTA while using magnesium and an indicator to identify the endpoint, and calculating the percentage purity of calcium gluconate based on the titration results. The titration is a replacement complexometric titration that uses the stable magnesium-indicator complex to indirectly determine the endpoint of the calcium-EDTA reaction.
Water analysis_Hardness.pptx
This document provides a syllabus for an engineering chemistry course that covers 7 units related to water analysis, treatment, and industrial applications. The first unit discusses various water sources and types of impurities found in different water sources. It also explains water treatment methods and uses of water in industry. The document includes details on determining water hardness using EDTA titration, including the chemical reactions, procedure, calculations, and an example problem.
Quanti4
This document provides instructions for determining the concentration of magnesium (Mg) in an unknown sample by titrating with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). The EDTA solution is standardized against a zinc standard solution. Magnesium in the unknown sample forms a complex with Eriochrome Black T indicator, changing color. When all the magnesium has been chelated by EDTA, the indicator changes to a clear blue, signaling the titration endpoint. Students will titrate the unknown sample with standardized EDTA and calculate the percentage of magnesium in the prepared unknown sample diluted to 100 mL.
Module 5 Chemistry notes and assignment notes
Hard water is water that does not lather easily with soap due to dissolved calcium and magnesium ions. There are two types of hardness: temporary hardness caused by bicarbonates of calcium and magnesium that can be removed by boiling, and permanent hardness caused by chlorides and sulfates of calcium and magnesium that cannot be removed by boiling. Hardness of water is quantified using calcium carbonate equivalent units, where the mass of hardness-causing substances is multiplied by 100 and divided by the molecular mass of calcium carbonate.
Water technology
This document provides information about water technology and the hardness of water. It discusses how water is essential for life and its various uses. Water exists in different forms on Earth, including as freshwater and saltwater. Sources of freshwater include surface water and groundwater. The document also describes the unique properties of water and the water cycle. It defines different types of water based on purity levels and intended uses. The document explains what causes water hardness and how to measure and calculate hardness in terms of calcium carbonate equivalents and various scale units. Common ions that contribute to water hardness, like calcium and magnesium, are also discussed.
Water by aluru jaideep reddy
Water is essential for humans, animals and plants. It is used for drinking, cooking, bathing and washing. Water also plays an important role in industries. Hardness in water is caused by dissolved salts of calcium, magnesium and other metals. This prevents soap from lathering easily. Hardness can be classified as temporary, caused by bicarbonates, or permanent, caused by chlorides and sulfates. The EDTA method is commonly used to determine water hardness by forming complexes with calcium and magnesium ions. Scale and sludge formation in boilers occurs when salt concentrations exceed solubility limits during steam production, potentially weakening boiler walls.
Engineering chemistry.pptx
This document outlines the topics covered in the Engineering Chemistry course including water and its treatment, electrochemistry and batteries, polymers, fuels and combustion, cement, refractories, lubricants and composites. The course aims to provide understanding of water properties and treatment, electrochemical cells and batteries, polymer engineering applications, fuel combustion and properties of basic construction materials. Key concepts covered include water hardness, its causes and types, water treatment methods, electrochemistry principles, polymer classifications and applications.
Similar to Complexometric method (14)
22CYL13 & Chemistry Laboratory for FT (FT-Ca & Mg).ppt
22CYL13 & Chemistry Laboratory for FT (FT-Ca & Mg).ppt
Recently uploaded
Object Oriented Analysis and Design - OOAD
This ppt gives detailed description of Object Oriented Analysis and design.
一比一原版(uoft毕业证书)加拿大多伦多大学毕业证如何办理
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【(uoft毕业证书)加拿大多伦多大学毕业证成绩单】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
办理(uoft毕业证书)加拿大多伦多大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】外观非常简单，由纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。
办理(uoft毕业证书)加拿大多伦多大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：
校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。
校名:学校英文全称
授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。
毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。
颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。
其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。
办理(uoft毕业证书)加拿大多伦多大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。
综上所述，办理(uoft毕业证书)加拿大多伦多大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。
Tools & Techniques for Commissioning and Maintaining PV Systems W-Animations ...
Join us for this solutions-based webinar on the tools and techniques for commissioning and maintaining PV Systems. In this session, we'll review the process of building and maintaining a solar array, starting with installation and commissioning, then reviewing operations and maintenance of the system. This course will review insulation resistance testing, I-V curve testing, earth-bond continuity, ground resistance testing, performance tests, visual inspections, ground and arc fault testing procedures, and power quality analysis.
Fluke Solar Application Specialist Will White is presenting on this engaging topic:
Will has worked in the renewable energy industry since 2005, first as an installer for a small east coast solar integrator before adding sales, design, and project management to his skillset. In 2022, Will joined Fluke as a solar application specialist, where he supports their renewable energy testing equipment like IV-curve tracers, electrical meters, and thermal imaging cameras. Experienced in wind power, solar thermal, energy storage, and all scales of PV, Will has primarily focused on residential and small commercial systems. He is passionate about implementing high-quality, code-compliant installation techniques.
Mechanical Engineering on AAI Summer Training Report-003.pdf
Mechanical Engineering PROJECT REPORT ON SUMMER VOCATIONAL TRAINING
AT MBB AIRPORT
SCALING OF MOS CIRCUITS m .pptx
this ppt explains about scaling parameters of the mosfet it is basically vlsi subject
Null Bangalore | Pentesters Approach to AWS IAM
#Abstract:
- Learn more about the real-world methods for auditing AWS IAM (Identity and Access Management) as a pentester. So let us proceed with a brief discussion of IAM as well as some typical misconfigurations and their potential exploits in order to reinforce the understanding of IAM security best practices.
- Gain actionable insights into AWS IAM policies and roles, using hands on approach.
#Prerequisites:
- Basic understanding of AWS services and architecture
- Familiarity with cloud security concepts
- Experience using the AWS Management Console or AWS CLI.
- For hands on lab create account on [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
# Scenario Covered:
- Basics of IAM in AWS
- Implementing IAM Policies with Least Privilege to Manage S3 Bucket
- Objective: Create an S3 bucket with least privilege IAM policy and validate access.
- Steps:
- Create S3 bucket.
- Attach least privilege policy to IAM user.
- Validate access.
- Exploiting IAM PassRole Misconfiguration
-Allows a user to pass a specific IAM role to an AWS service (ec2), typically used for service access delegation. Then exploit PassRole Misconfiguration granting unauthorized access to sensitive resources.
- Objective: Demonstrate how a PassRole misconfiguration can grant unauthorized access.
- Steps:
- Allow user to pass IAM role to EC2.
- Exploit misconfiguration for unauthorized access.
- Access sensitive resources.
- Exploiting IAM AssumeRole Misconfiguration with Overly Permissive Role
- An overly permissive IAM role configuration can lead to privilege escalation by creating a role with administrative privileges and allow a user to assume this role.
- Objective: Show how overly permissive IAM roles can lead to privilege escalation.
- Steps:
- Create role with administrative privileges.
- Allow user to assume the role.
- Perform administrative actions.
- Differentiation between PassRole vs AssumeRole
Try at [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
Blood finder application project report (1).pdf
Blood Finder is an emergency time app where a user can search for the blood banks as
well as the registered blood donors around Mumbai. This application also provide an
opportunity for the user of this application to become a registered donor for this user have
to enroll for the donor request from the application itself. If the admin wish to make user
a registered donor, with some of the formalities with the organization it can be done.
Specialization of this application is that the user will not have to register on sign-in for
searching the blood banks and blood donors it can be just done by installing the
application to the mobile.
The purpose of making this application is to save the user’s time for searching blood of
needed blood group during the time of the emergency.
This is an android application developed in Java and XML with the connectivity of
SQLite database. This application will provide most of basic functionality required for an
emergency time application. All the details of Blood banks and Blood donors are stored
in the database i.e. SQLite.
This application allowed the user to get all the information regarding blood banks and
blood donors such as Name, Number, Address, Blood Group, rather than searching it on
the different websites and wasting the precious time. This application is effective and
user friendly.
Height and depth gauge linear metrology.pdf
Height gauges may also be used to measure the height of an object by using the underside of the scriber as the datum. The datum may be permanently fixed or the height gauge may have provision to adjust the scale, this is done by sliding the scale vertically along the body of the height gauge by turning a fine feed screw at the top of the gauge; then with the scriber set to the same level as the base, the scale can be matched to it. This adjustment allows different scribers or probes to be used, as well as adjusting for any errors in a damaged or resharpened probe.
Ericsson LTE Throughput Troubleshooting Techniques.ppt
Ericsson LTE Throughput Troubleshooting Techniques
Beckhoff Programmable Logic Control Overview Presentation
This presentation is to describe the overview of PLC Beckhoff for beginners
OOPS_Lab_Manual - programs using C++ programming language
This manual contains programs on object oriented programming concepts using C++ language.
Supermarket Management System Project Report.pdf
Supermarket management is a stand-alone J2EE using Eclipse Juno program.
This project contains all the necessary required information about maintaining
the supermarket billing system.
The core idea of this project to minimize the paper work and centralize the
data. Here all the communication is taken in secure manner. That is, in this
application the information will be stored in client itself. For further security the
data base is stored in the back-end oracle and so no intruders can access it.
Impartiality as per ISO /IEC 17025:2017 Standard
This document provides basic guidelines for imparitallity requirement of ISO 17025. It defines in detial how it is met and wiudhwdih jdhsjdhwudjwkdbjwkdddddddddddkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwioiiiiiiiiiiiii uwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwhe wiqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqq gbbbbbbbbbbbbb owdjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj widhi owqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqq uwdhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhwqiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiw0pooooojjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj whhhhhhhhhhh wheeeeeeee wihieiiiiii wihe
e qqqqqqqqqqeuwiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiqw dddddddddd cccccccccccccccv s w c r
cdf cb bicbsad ishd d qwkbdwiur e wetwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww w
dddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddfffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffw
uuuuhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhe qiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii iqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqq eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee qqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc ccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbu uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuum
m
m mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm m i
g i dijsd sjdnsjd ndjajsdnnsa adjdnawddddddddddddd uw
Prediction of Electrical Energy Efficiency Using Information on Consumer's Ac...
Energy efficiency has been important since the latter part of the last century. The main object of this survey is to determine the energy efficiency knowledge among consumers. Two separate districts in Bangladesh are selected to conduct the survey on households and showrooms about the energy and seller also. The survey uses the data to find some regression equations from which it is easy to predict energy efficiency knowledge. The data is analyzed and calculated based on five important criteria. The initial target was to find some factors that help predict a person's energy efficiency knowledge. From the survey, it is found that the energy efficiency awareness among the people of our country is very low. Relationships between household energy use behaviors are estimated using a unique dataset of about 40 households and 20 showrooms in Bangladesh's Chapainawabganj and Bagerhat districts. Knowledge of energy consumption and energy efficiency technology options is found to be associated with household use of energy conservation practices. Household characteristics also influence household energy use behavior. Younger household cohorts are more likely to adopt energy-efficient technologies and energy conservation practices and place primary importance on energy saving for environmental reasons. Education also influences attitudes toward energy conservation in Bangladesh. Low-education households indicate they primarily save electricity for the environment while high-education households indicate they are motivated by environmental concerns.
Recently uploaded (20)
openshift technical overview - Flow of openshift containerisatoin
openshift technical overview - Flow of openshift containerisatoin
Tools & Techniques for Commissioning and Maintaining PV Systems W-Animations ...
Tools & Techniques for Commissioning and Maintaining PV Systems W-Animations ...
Mechanical Engineering on AAI Summer Training Report-003.pdf
Mechanical Engineering on AAI Summer Training Report-003.pdf
Ericsson LTE Throughput Troubleshooting Techniques.ppt
Ericsson LTE Throughput Troubleshooting Techniques.ppt
Beckhoff Programmable Logic Control Overview Presentation
Beckhoff Programmable Logic Control Overview Presentation
OOPS_Lab_Manual - programs using C++ programming language
OOPS_Lab_Manual - programs using C++ programming language
Prediction of Electrical Energy Efficiency Using Information on Consumer's Ac...
Prediction of Electrical Energy Efficiency Using Information on Consumer's Ac...
1FIDIC-CONSTRUCTION-CONTRACT-2ND-ED-2017-RED-BOOK.pdf
1FIDIC-CONSTRUCTION-CONTRACT-2ND-ED-2017-RED-BOOK.pdf
Complexometric method
- 1. (EDTA METHOD) By : SHREE RAM SHARMA
- 2. Principle Ca+2/Mg+2 + EBT [Ca+2—EBT] (Wine Red colour/Less stable) Ca+2/Mg+2 + EDTA [Ca+2—EDTA] (Colour Less/More stable) [Ca+2—EBT] [Ca+2—EDTA] + EBT (BLUE COLOUR)
- 3. Procedure Preparation of Solution Determination of Hardness of Water Calculation
- 4. Preparation of Solution I. EDTA Solution II. EBT Solution III. Buffer Solution IV. SHW Solution
- 5. Determination of Hardness Standardization of EDTA : 10ml SHW + 3ml Buffer + 2 drop EBT wine red colour +EDTA Blue colour (End Point)
- 6. Determination of Total Hardness : 10ml Water Sample +3ml Buffer + 2 drop EBT wine red colour +EDTA Blue colour (End Point)
- 7. Determination of Permanent Hardness : 250ml Water Sample boil 50 ml filter Filtrate make up to 1 lt. by D.W.(Boil Water) 10ml boil water sample + 3ml Buffer + 2 drop EBT Blue colour +EDTA wine red colour (End Point)
- 8. Calculation Standardization of EDTA : 10 ml of SHW = 10mg of CaCO3 eq. 10 ml of SHW = V1 ml of EDTA 10 mg of CaCO3 eq. = V1 ml of EDTA 1 ml of EDTA = 10/ V1 mg of CaCO3 eq.
- 9. Total Hardness : 10 ml H2O sample = V2 ml of EDTA 10 ml H2O sample = V2×10/V1 mg of CaCO3 eq. 1000 ml of H2O sample = (V2/V1)×1000 ppm
- 10. Permanent Hardness : 10 ml boil H2O sample = V3 ml of EDTA 10 ml boil H2O sample = V3×10 mg of CaCO3 eq. 1000ml of boil H2O sample = (V3/V1)×1000 ppm
- 11. Temporary Hardness : Total Hardness = Temp. H. + Per. H. Temp. H. = Total H.-Per. H. => Temp. H. = {(V2-V3)/V1}×1000 ppm
- 12. Advantages Greater accuracy More rapid procedure Convenience
- 13. Thank you