The document discusses the development of a framework to define key competencies needed for individuals to lead successful lives and contribute to well-functioning societies. It was developed by the OECD through a collaborative, multidisciplinary process. The framework identifies three broad categories of competencies: 1) using tools interactively, 2) interacting in heterogeneous groups, and 3) acting autonomously. It is based on an analysis of the demands modern life places on individuals in a world characterized by change, complexity, and interdependence. The competencies aim to help both individuals and societies achieve their goals.
unimagined Shores: Jobless Futures and Digital GlobalizationAlan Bruce
Overview of the prfound and systemic changes in the job market and labor market access for marginaized groups, especially those impacted by disability. The presentation focuses on the impact of both globallization and new digital tecnologies. It posits a future where traditional jobs will disappear to be replaced by flexible employment structurres built around innovative socio-communicative competences and transferable methods of certification and accreditation.
The document discusses the key competencies outlined in the New Zealand curriculum and how they can enable pedagogical shift and prepare students for the 21st century. It provides context on how the competencies are viewed globally and nationally. It also discusses how developing competencies requires a whole-school approach and professional learning communities to support teachers.
Developing a standard digital literacy framework in association with the the ...EduSkills OECD
Digital literacy - a new core competency in the 21st century
•Digital competency gap in connection with nations’ rapid digital transformation
•Lack of comprehensive framework, common language, standards, and metrics on digital literacy that can be adopted by nations
•Lack of quality materials, tools, and resources for digital competency education at the global level.
Wefusa new visionforeducation_report2015DaniArias9
This document summarizes a report on addressing the skills gap between the skills needed in the 21st century versus the skills students are attaining. It finds large gaps in skills between developed and developing countries as well as within countries. The skills needed are grouped into foundational literacies, competencies, and character qualities. While foundational literacies like literacy and numeracy are the traditional focus of education, competencies like problem solving and character qualities like persistence are also essential for today's world. The report examines performance data for these skills across nearly 100 countries and finds wide variations both between income groups and within countries. It also identifies areas like education policy, teacher quality, resources, and technology infrastructure that contribute to these gaps and could be
From Global Competence to National Success - EWF2018EduSkills OECD
Globally competent students can retain their cultural identity but are simultaneously aware of the cultural values and beliefs of people around them, they examine the origins and implications of others’ and their own assumptions
1) The document discusses the need to rethink the internationalization of higher education in developing countries.
2) Developing countries participate unevenly in internationalization efforts, with many institutions not engaging beyond campus.
3) A new agenda for internationalization should focus on bringing greater benefits to communities through curriculum, mobility programs, and ensuring distributive justice.
4) Setting the future agenda will require an inclusive global dialogue where all participants are equals in shaping the direction of higher education internationalization.
This document discusses the skills and knowledge needed for school leaders in the 21st century. It emphasizes that technology has changed how we define and teach literacy, with new literacies like information literacy becoming important. School leaders need a vision for integrating technology throughout the school to prepare students for a global, technology-dependent world. While technology and standards have changed, the goals of student achievement and using tools to support teaching and learning remain the same. Effective school leaders will create a culture of change and learning to navigate these shifts.
unimagined Shores: Jobless Futures and Digital GlobalizationAlan Bruce
Overview of the prfound and systemic changes in the job market and labor market access for marginaized groups, especially those impacted by disability. The presentation focuses on the impact of both globallization and new digital tecnologies. It posits a future where traditional jobs will disappear to be replaced by flexible employment structurres built around innovative socio-communicative competences and transferable methods of certification and accreditation.
The document discusses the key competencies outlined in the New Zealand curriculum and how they can enable pedagogical shift and prepare students for the 21st century. It provides context on how the competencies are viewed globally and nationally. It also discusses how developing competencies requires a whole-school approach and professional learning communities to support teachers.
Developing a standard digital literacy framework in association with the the ...EduSkills OECD
Digital literacy - a new core competency in the 21st century
•Digital competency gap in connection with nations’ rapid digital transformation
•Lack of comprehensive framework, common language, standards, and metrics on digital literacy that can be adopted by nations
•Lack of quality materials, tools, and resources for digital competency education at the global level.
Wefusa new visionforeducation_report2015DaniArias9
This document summarizes a report on addressing the skills gap between the skills needed in the 21st century versus the skills students are attaining. It finds large gaps in skills between developed and developing countries as well as within countries. The skills needed are grouped into foundational literacies, competencies, and character qualities. While foundational literacies like literacy and numeracy are the traditional focus of education, competencies like problem solving and character qualities like persistence are also essential for today's world. The report examines performance data for these skills across nearly 100 countries and finds wide variations both between income groups and within countries. It also identifies areas like education policy, teacher quality, resources, and technology infrastructure that contribute to these gaps and could be
From Global Competence to National Success - EWF2018EduSkills OECD
Globally competent students can retain their cultural identity but are simultaneously aware of the cultural values and beliefs of people around them, they examine the origins and implications of others’ and their own assumptions
1) The document discusses the need to rethink the internationalization of higher education in developing countries.
2) Developing countries participate unevenly in internationalization efforts, with many institutions not engaging beyond campus.
3) A new agenda for internationalization should focus on bringing greater benefits to communities through curriculum, mobility programs, and ensuring distributive justice.
4) Setting the future agenda will require an inclusive global dialogue where all participants are equals in shaping the direction of higher education internationalization.
This document discusses the skills and knowledge needed for school leaders in the 21st century. It emphasizes that technology has changed how we define and teach literacy, with new literacies like information literacy becoming important. School leaders need a vision for integrating technology throughout the school to prepare students for a global, technology-dependent world. While technology and standards have changed, the goals of student achievement and using tools to support teaching and learning remain the same. Effective school leaders will create a culture of change and learning to navigate these shifts.
This document summarizes the key discussion points from a panel on alliances for inter-American higher education. The panel discussed the need for greater collaboration between higher education institutions, private sector organizations, and philanthropic groups to address issues of access, funding, and workforce development. Specifically, they emphasized the importance of partnerships to identify regional education and workforce needs, inventory academic programs, and increase access to curriculum through online and cross-border programs in order to better align education with the demands of the job market. Private funding was viewed as necessary to fill gaps in public funding for higher education.
Global Enrollment Management 2012 update on GCPbumbaugh
The Global Citizenship Program at Webster University is being updated to better prepare students for the 21st century. The program will include purposeful pathways through required courses in the first year, sophomore year, and a capstone course. It aims to cultivate knowledge, skills, and especially integration across disciplines. The goals are to ensure students develop competencies for global citizenship and career success in a changing world. The program builds on high-impact educational practices and international collaboration.
The future of education and skills education 2030 oecdRajeev Ranjan
Education can equip learners with agency and a sense of purpose, and the competencies they need, to shape their own
lives and contribute to the lives of others. To find out how best to do so, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation
and Development (OECD) has launched The Future of Education and Skills 2030 project. The aim of the project is to
help countries find answers to two far-reaching questions:
● What knowledge, skills, attitudes and values will today's students need to thrive and shape their world?
● How can instructional systems develop these knowledge, skills, attitudes and values effectively?
key concepts underpinning the
framework.
‒ Adaptability/ Flexibility/ Adjustment/ Agility
‒ Compassion
‒ Conflict resolution
‒ Creativity/ Creative thinking/ Inventive thinking
‒ Critical-thinking skills
‒ Curiosity
‒ Empathy
‒ Engagement/Communication skills/Collaboration skills
‒ Equality/ Equity
‒ Global mind-set
‒ Goal orientation and completion (e.g. grit, persistence)
‒ Gratitude
‒ Growth mind-set
‒ Hope
‒ Human dignity
‒ Identity/Spiritual identity
‒ Integrity
‒ Justice
‒ Manual skills for information and communication technology (related to learning strategies)
‒ Manual skills related to the arts and crafts, music, physical education skills needed for the future
‒ Meta-learning skills (including learning to learn skills)
‒ Mindfulness
‒ Motivation (e.g. to learn, to contribute to society)
‒ Open mind-set (to others, new ideas, new experiences)
‒ Perspective-taking and cognitive flexibility
‒ Pro-activeness
‒ Problem solving skills
‒ Purposefulness
‒ Reflective thinking/Evaluating/Monitoring
‒ Resilience/Stress resistance
‒ Respect (for self, others, including cultural diversity)
‒ Responsibility (including locus of control)
‒ Risk management
‒ Self-awareness/Self-regulation/Self-control
‒ Self-efficacy/Positive self-orientation
‒ Trust (in self, others, institutions)
Rajeev Ranjan
www.rajeevelt.com
The document discusses the role of higher education in promoting intercultural understanding and global citizenship in a globalized world. It summarizes the Global University Network for Innovation's (GUNI) report which analyzes higher education's contribution to human and social development. The document also outlines challenges for higher education institutions, such as understanding different types of knowledge, balancing market demands with social needs, and rethinking the social value of education. It argues higher education must adapt to promote multicultural coexistence, global competencies, and intercultural understanding through curricula, research, and community outreach.
This study undertook an empirical view towards analyzing the role youth capacity building can play in
entrepreneurship development. This study took a descriptive approach in its design and covered a sample of 519
rural entrepreneurs drawn from selected rural communities across the three geo-political zones of Enugu state using
purposive sampling technique. Data was gathered using a five point likert scale questionnaire and was analyzed with
chi-square test using the 23.0 versions of statistical package for social sciences (SPSS). The data analysis was based
on the 413 questionnaires that were validly filled and returned by the respondents. The study noted that capacity
building is not a choice; it is a fundamental route to youth entrepreneurship development. Hence, giving hand-outs or
even equipment without needful entrepreneurial knowledge is no longer fit to pass as youth capacity building. It was
therefore concluded that for sustainable entrepreneurship development especially among the youths in Enugu state,
there is need for well structured and functional capacity building programmes. The paper recommends that; to ensure
consistency and relevance of capacity building in the act of entrepreneurship development, states must
institutionalize capacity building, Governments should invest in and leverage on existing educational institutions to
advance and reduce the cost of entrepreneurship development oriented capacity building and that there is need to
invest massively on innovation biased capacity building programmes
Learning is the key to success—some would even say survival—in today's organizations. Knowledge should be continuously enriched through both internal and external learning. For this to happen, it is necessary to support and energize organization, people, knowledge, and technology.
Literacy Technology Community_The Importance of Smart Technology in Workforce...Jan Stephens PhD
This document discusses the importance of technology access for adult education and workforce training. It notes that access to technology is now essential for full participation in 21st century education and training opportunities. The Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (WIOA) supports using technology to improve teaching, learning, and system efficiencies. However, many adults still lack basic literacy and job skills. Expanding access to technology and online learning resources through a "bring your own device" model could help address these issues by allowing literacy instruction and workforce training to reach more learners.
The Global Citizenship Program (GCP) at Webster University underwent revision beginning in 2009 and was approved by the Faculty Assembly in 2011. The GCP aims to provide students with the competencies required for responsible global citizenship in the 21st century by integrating knowledge and skills development. Research indicates the GCP aligns with employer needs, student needs, and national best practices. It emphasizes skills like critical thinking, communication, and intercultural competence that lead to career success. The next steps are to ensure all GCP courses are of high quality and effectively integrate knowledge and skills.
This document summarizes a paper about new challenges and roles for higher education in education for sustainable development. It discusses how education can help nations implement sustainability plans by improving workforce quality and skills. It also describes how higher education institutions can help by reorienting curricula to address sustainability, conducting research on sustainability issues, and providing outreach to communities. The document proposes that regional centers of excellence on education for sustainable development be created to better align education from primary to university levels and link formal and informal education sectors on sustainability.
1) New challenges for education systems include preparing students for dynamic global markets, networked organizations, and lifelong learning.
2) International assessments show large differences between countries in student performance in science and mathematics that impact their economic competitiveness.
3) Education systems need to set high standards, give schools autonomy, focus on equity, and support continuous professional development for teachers to help students develop skills for the 21st century like collaboration, adaptability, and problem solving.
Effect of administrative problems on the management ofAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that investigated the effect of administrative problems on the management of secondary schools in Zone A Educational District of Benue State, Nigeria. The study focused on two administrative problems: population explosion of students and lack of information and communication technology (ICT). The study found that population explosion of students has significantly affected secondary school management through overcrowded classrooms and facilities. It also found that lack of ICT has significantly impacted school management and the implementation of educational reforms. The study recommends increasing teaching staff, classrooms, and hostels to address population issues and enhancing ICT facilities in schools.
The document discusses new developments in higher education including globalization, massification, diversification of students and funding sources, and increased emphasis on outcomes and employability. It notes higher education now requires more cooperation between institutions, inclusion of external stakeholders in governance, and use of market mechanisms. Successful higher education institutions will rely more on collaborative research, networking, innovative teaching methods, and involvement of students as partners through approaches like the Bologna Process.
ICAE's capacity building for advocacy on a global levelmariagcuervo
The ICAE Academy of Lifelong Learning Advocacy (IALLA) is an international residential course held for the first time in 2004, in Norway. Since then, a total of 8 editions have taken place in Africa, Europe, Latin America and the Arab Region; in 2012 the first advanced, second stage IALLA was held. Until now, there are more than 200 IALLA graduates from all regions of the world.
This training course is rooted in a fusion of popular education and folkbildning, with a very innovative aspect: it is a unique learning and cultural translation space. Each course becomes an unforgettable experience for people, at personal and academic level, creating, each time, a new and different group of passionate people. That is what makes IALLA so unique; results go beyond learning to do advocacy for the right to education, participants take with them shared experience that will increase their self-confidence.
This document discusses the importance of quality and functional physics education for national transformation in Nigeria. It argues that physics education plays a key role in technological advancement and economic development, and is thus crucial for any nation seeking to progress. The document outlines several challenges facing the Nigerian education system, including inadequate funding, poor facilities, and lack of qualified teachers. It emphasizes that governments must commit to implementing educational policies and strengthening collaboration between different levels of government to improve physics education. Providing citizens with knowledge of physics will help root Nigeria's technological culture and lay the foundation for national reconstruction and stability.
The document discusses India's growing prominence as a global economic power and education hub. Some key points:
- India has a large domestic market and skilled, English-speaking workforce that is attracting global interest. Its growing tech sector and focus on initiatives like Startup India and Digital India are creating opportunities.
- By 2030, India is projected to have the world's largest workforce and be the fastest growing major economy. Sectors like engineering, IT, and pharmaceuticals are experiencing strong growth.
- India aims to transform its higher education system to be high-quality, equitable, and affordable, serving as a model for the world. It seeks to expand access, improve research and infrastructure, and foster partnerships
The document discusses capacity development (CD) efforts in education that sometimes fail to have long-term impact. An expert meeting was held to debate reasons for failure and ways to overcome common constraints. While context is important, common constraints were identified, such as individual strategies focusing only on training. Organizational constraints are often linked to poor leadership and legitimacy issues. Successful CD strategies also often remain isolated, making broader change difficult. Experts proposed strategies like using organizational tools and monitoring/incentive systems to improve ministry performance, and strengthening accountability both internally and externally. Longer timeframes and new evaluations are needed to properly measure CD efforts. For organizational change to occur, commitments like internal support and leadership are required. Experts agreed CD
Preparing for the tide: skills and education of the 21st century' is the summary of previous GEFF sessions that was presented in Sao Paulo in August 2015. The report focused on the looming global changes and challenged that could only be faced with rebuilt educational ecosystems at different levels and new skills obtained worldwide. The prominent feature of this event was a list of key literacies for every person who would live in the world of self-guided lifelong learning. The message, announced in Sao Paolo, was touched with a sense of urgency, since the forthcoming socioeconomic crises are inevitable and overwhelming with only new network-based adduction being able to resolve them
Orientacions per a la planificació d'adaptacions del Curriculum (Onrubia, Lla...Sylvie Pérez
Des d'ACPO recuperem aquest document, preparat per publicar el 2007 però que finalment per les turbulències del tripartit va quedar dormint a un calaix.
Pensem que aquest document a hores d'ara pot ser una molt bona eina per al assessor extern , però també per a centres educatius de analitzar i prendre decisions sobre quines variables de centre / aula i alumne cal incidir ABANS de prendre els decisions de fer Plan Individualitzats
Aquest document va ser fruit del treball d’un grup mixt constituït per professionals d’EAP, especialistes amb alumnat amb NEE i/o amb dificultats per aprendre; per professionals dels ELIC, especialistes en intervenció educativa amb l’alumnat nouvingut que s’incorpora al nostre sistema educatiu; per mestres d’educació especial i per tècnics de la Subdirecció General d’Ordenació curricular i Programes educatius i de la Subdirecció General de Llengua i Cohesió social.
Va ser coordinat pel Sr Joan -Josep Llansana i la direcció tècnica va anar a càrrec del Dr Javier Onrubia, del Departaent de psicologia de l'educació i Evolutiva de la Universitat de Barcelona. .
Membres de l’equip:
- Sra. Joana Batallé (ELIC Baix Llobregat-Anoia)
- Sra. Remei Bordons (Tècnica de la SGOC i PE)
- Sra. M. Carme Farré (ELIC Lleida)
- Sr. Biel Ferré (ELIC Tarragona)
- Sra. Marta Ferré (Cap d’estudis i mestra d’EE del CEIP St.Antoni de St. Vicenç dels Horts)
- Sr. Antonio Martínez (ELIC Terres de l’Ebre)
- Sr. Francesc Mena (EAP B.02-St.Andreu)
- Sra. Montserrat Rovira (ELIC Barcelona Comarques sud)
This document summarizes the key discussion points from a panel on alliances for inter-American higher education. The panel discussed the need for greater collaboration between higher education institutions, private sector organizations, and philanthropic groups to address issues of access, funding, and workforce development. Specifically, they emphasized the importance of partnerships to identify regional education and workforce needs, inventory academic programs, and increase access to curriculum through online and cross-border programs in order to better align education with the demands of the job market. Private funding was viewed as necessary to fill gaps in public funding for higher education.
Global Enrollment Management 2012 update on GCPbumbaugh
The Global Citizenship Program at Webster University is being updated to better prepare students for the 21st century. The program will include purposeful pathways through required courses in the first year, sophomore year, and a capstone course. It aims to cultivate knowledge, skills, and especially integration across disciplines. The goals are to ensure students develop competencies for global citizenship and career success in a changing world. The program builds on high-impact educational practices and international collaboration.
The future of education and skills education 2030 oecdRajeev Ranjan
Education can equip learners with agency and a sense of purpose, and the competencies they need, to shape their own
lives and contribute to the lives of others. To find out how best to do so, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation
and Development (OECD) has launched The Future of Education and Skills 2030 project. The aim of the project is to
help countries find answers to two far-reaching questions:
● What knowledge, skills, attitudes and values will today's students need to thrive and shape their world?
● How can instructional systems develop these knowledge, skills, attitudes and values effectively?
key concepts underpinning the
framework.
‒ Adaptability/ Flexibility/ Adjustment/ Agility
‒ Compassion
‒ Conflict resolution
‒ Creativity/ Creative thinking/ Inventive thinking
‒ Critical-thinking skills
‒ Curiosity
‒ Empathy
‒ Engagement/Communication skills/Collaboration skills
‒ Equality/ Equity
‒ Global mind-set
‒ Goal orientation and completion (e.g. grit, persistence)
‒ Gratitude
‒ Growth mind-set
‒ Hope
‒ Human dignity
‒ Identity/Spiritual identity
‒ Integrity
‒ Justice
‒ Manual skills for information and communication technology (related to learning strategies)
‒ Manual skills related to the arts and crafts, music, physical education skills needed for the future
‒ Meta-learning skills (including learning to learn skills)
‒ Mindfulness
‒ Motivation (e.g. to learn, to contribute to society)
‒ Open mind-set (to others, new ideas, new experiences)
‒ Perspective-taking and cognitive flexibility
‒ Pro-activeness
‒ Problem solving skills
‒ Purposefulness
‒ Reflective thinking/Evaluating/Monitoring
‒ Resilience/Stress resistance
‒ Respect (for self, others, including cultural diversity)
‒ Responsibility (including locus of control)
‒ Risk management
‒ Self-awareness/Self-regulation/Self-control
‒ Self-efficacy/Positive self-orientation
‒ Trust (in self, others, institutions)
Rajeev Ranjan
www.rajeevelt.com
The document discusses the role of higher education in promoting intercultural understanding and global citizenship in a globalized world. It summarizes the Global University Network for Innovation's (GUNI) report which analyzes higher education's contribution to human and social development. The document also outlines challenges for higher education institutions, such as understanding different types of knowledge, balancing market demands with social needs, and rethinking the social value of education. It argues higher education must adapt to promote multicultural coexistence, global competencies, and intercultural understanding through curricula, research, and community outreach.
This study undertook an empirical view towards analyzing the role youth capacity building can play in
entrepreneurship development. This study took a descriptive approach in its design and covered a sample of 519
rural entrepreneurs drawn from selected rural communities across the three geo-political zones of Enugu state using
purposive sampling technique. Data was gathered using a five point likert scale questionnaire and was analyzed with
chi-square test using the 23.0 versions of statistical package for social sciences (SPSS). The data analysis was based
on the 413 questionnaires that were validly filled and returned by the respondents. The study noted that capacity
building is not a choice; it is a fundamental route to youth entrepreneurship development. Hence, giving hand-outs or
even equipment without needful entrepreneurial knowledge is no longer fit to pass as youth capacity building. It was
therefore concluded that for sustainable entrepreneurship development especially among the youths in Enugu state,
there is need for well structured and functional capacity building programmes. The paper recommends that; to ensure
consistency and relevance of capacity building in the act of entrepreneurship development, states must
institutionalize capacity building, Governments should invest in and leverage on existing educational institutions to
advance and reduce the cost of entrepreneurship development oriented capacity building and that there is need to
invest massively on innovation biased capacity building programmes
Learning is the key to success—some would even say survival—in today's organizations. Knowledge should be continuously enriched through both internal and external learning. For this to happen, it is necessary to support and energize organization, people, knowledge, and technology.
Literacy Technology Community_The Importance of Smart Technology in Workforce...Jan Stephens PhD
This document discusses the importance of technology access for adult education and workforce training. It notes that access to technology is now essential for full participation in 21st century education and training opportunities. The Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (WIOA) supports using technology to improve teaching, learning, and system efficiencies. However, many adults still lack basic literacy and job skills. Expanding access to technology and online learning resources through a "bring your own device" model could help address these issues by allowing literacy instruction and workforce training to reach more learners.
The Global Citizenship Program (GCP) at Webster University underwent revision beginning in 2009 and was approved by the Faculty Assembly in 2011. The GCP aims to provide students with the competencies required for responsible global citizenship in the 21st century by integrating knowledge and skills development. Research indicates the GCP aligns with employer needs, student needs, and national best practices. It emphasizes skills like critical thinking, communication, and intercultural competence that lead to career success. The next steps are to ensure all GCP courses are of high quality and effectively integrate knowledge and skills.
This document summarizes a paper about new challenges and roles for higher education in education for sustainable development. It discusses how education can help nations implement sustainability plans by improving workforce quality and skills. It also describes how higher education institutions can help by reorienting curricula to address sustainability, conducting research on sustainability issues, and providing outreach to communities. The document proposes that regional centers of excellence on education for sustainable development be created to better align education from primary to university levels and link formal and informal education sectors on sustainability.
1) New challenges for education systems include preparing students for dynamic global markets, networked organizations, and lifelong learning.
2) International assessments show large differences between countries in student performance in science and mathematics that impact their economic competitiveness.
3) Education systems need to set high standards, give schools autonomy, focus on equity, and support continuous professional development for teachers to help students develop skills for the 21st century like collaboration, adaptability, and problem solving.
Effect of administrative problems on the management ofAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that investigated the effect of administrative problems on the management of secondary schools in Zone A Educational District of Benue State, Nigeria. The study focused on two administrative problems: population explosion of students and lack of information and communication technology (ICT). The study found that population explosion of students has significantly affected secondary school management through overcrowded classrooms and facilities. It also found that lack of ICT has significantly impacted school management and the implementation of educational reforms. The study recommends increasing teaching staff, classrooms, and hostels to address population issues and enhancing ICT facilities in schools.
The document discusses new developments in higher education including globalization, massification, diversification of students and funding sources, and increased emphasis on outcomes and employability. It notes higher education now requires more cooperation between institutions, inclusion of external stakeholders in governance, and use of market mechanisms. Successful higher education institutions will rely more on collaborative research, networking, innovative teaching methods, and involvement of students as partners through approaches like the Bologna Process.
ICAE's capacity building for advocacy on a global levelmariagcuervo
The ICAE Academy of Lifelong Learning Advocacy (IALLA) is an international residential course held for the first time in 2004, in Norway. Since then, a total of 8 editions have taken place in Africa, Europe, Latin America and the Arab Region; in 2012 the first advanced, second stage IALLA was held. Until now, there are more than 200 IALLA graduates from all regions of the world.
This training course is rooted in a fusion of popular education and folkbildning, with a very innovative aspect: it is a unique learning and cultural translation space. Each course becomes an unforgettable experience for people, at personal and academic level, creating, each time, a new and different group of passionate people. That is what makes IALLA so unique; results go beyond learning to do advocacy for the right to education, participants take with them shared experience that will increase their self-confidence.
This document discusses the importance of quality and functional physics education for national transformation in Nigeria. It argues that physics education plays a key role in technological advancement and economic development, and is thus crucial for any nation seeking to progress. The document outlines several challenges facing the Nigerian education system, including inadequate funding, poor facilities, and lack of qualified teachers. It emphasizes that governments must commit to implementing educational policies and strengthening collaboration between different levels of government to improve physics education. Providing citizens with knowledge of physics will help root Nigeria's technological culture and lay the foundation for national reconstruction and stability.
The document discusses India's growing prominence as a global economic power and education hub. Some key points:
- India has a large domestic market and skilled, English-speaking workforce that is attracting global interest. Its growing tech sector and focus on initiatives like Startup India and Digital India are creating opportunities.
- By 2030, India is projected to have the world's largest workforce and be the fastest growing major economy. Sectors like engineering, IT, and pharmaceuticals are experiencing strong growth.
- India aims to transform its higher education system to be high-quality, equitable, and affordable, serving as a model for the world. It seeks to expand access, improve research and infrastructure, and foster partnerships
The document discusses capacity development (CD) efforts in education that sometimes fail to have long-term impact. An expert meeting was held to debate reasons for failure and ways to overcome common constraints. While context is important, common constraints were identified, such as individual strategies focusing only on training. Organizational constraints are often linked to poor leadership and legitimacy issues. Successful CD strategies also often remain isolated, making broader change difficult. Experts proposed strategies like using organizational tools and monitoring/incentive systems to improve ministry performance, and strengthening accountability both internally and externally. Longer timeframes and new evaluations are needed to properly measure CD efforts. For organizational change to occur, commitments like internal support and leadership are required. Experts agreed CD
Preparing for the tide: skills and education of the 21st century' is the summary of previous GEFF sessions that was presented in Sao Paulo in August 2015. The report focused on the looming global changes and challenged that could only be faced with rebuilt educational ecosystems at different levels and new skills obtained worldwide. The prominent feature of this event was a list of key literacies for every person who would live in the world of self-guided lifelong learning. The message, announced in Sao Paolo, was touched with a sense of urgency, since the forthcoming socioeconomic crises are inevitable and overwhelming with only new network-based adduction being able to resolve them
Orientacions per a la planificació d'adaptacions del Curriculum (Onrubia, Lla...Sylvie Pérez
Des d'ACPO recuperem aquest document, preparat per publicar el 2007 però que finalment per les turbulències del tripartit va quedar dormint a un calaix.
Pensem que aquest document a hores d'ara pot ser una molt bona eina per al assessor extern , però també per a centres educatius de analitzar i prendre decisions sobre quines variables de centre / aula i alumne cal incidir ABANS de prendre els decisions de fer Plan Individualitzats
Aquest document va ser fruit del treball d’un grup mixt constituït per professionals d’EAP, especialistes amb alumnat amb NEE i/o amb dificultats per aprendre; per professionals dels ELIC, especialistes en intervenció educativa amb l’alumnat nouvingut que s’incorpora al nostre sistema educatiu; per mestres d’educació especial i per tècnics de la Subdirecció General d’Ordenació curricular i Programes educatius i de la Subdirecció General de Llengua i Cohesió social.
Va ser coordinat pel Sr Joan -Josep Llansana i la direcció tècnica va anar a càrrec del Dr Javier Onrubia, del Departaent de psicologia de l'educació i Evolutiva de la Universitat de Barcelona. .
Membres de l’equip:
- Sra. Joana Batallé (ELIC Baix Llobregat-Anoia)
- Sra. Remei Bordons (Tècnica de la SGOC i PE)
- Sra. M. Carme Farré (ELIC Lleida)
- Sr. Biel Ferré (ELIC Tarragona)
- Sra. Marta Ferré (Cap d’estudis i mestra d’EE del CEIP St.Antoni de St. Vicenç dels Horts)
- Sr. Antonio Martínez (ELIC Terres de l’Ebre)
- Sr. Francesc Mena (EAP B.02-St.Andreu)
- Sra. Montserrat Rovira (ELIC Barcelona Comarques sud)
III Congreso Internacional sobre Diagnóstico y Educación : La orientación edu...Sylvie Pérez
El Grupo de Investigación IDEO de la Universidad de Jaén organiza su III Congreso Internacional sobre
Diagnóstico y Orientación dedicado en esta ocasión a la “Orientación educativa en la sociedad actual”. El eje
nuclear del mismo es reflexionar sobre las funciones de la orientación ante los grandes desafíos de la sociedad
actual, tanto en el terreno educativo como en el mundo del empleo, e indagar en el papel que el orientador
profesional tiene ante los mismos. Las temáticas son diversas y tratan de dar respuesta al objetivo final de
recoger investigaciones, experiencias y propuestas que lleven a una mayor relevancia de la orientación tanto
en un plano educativo como social, integrando en el mismo las variables que condicionan o estimulan, según
los casos, las diferentes perspectivas
Objetivos:
Conocer la situación de la orientación educativa ante la problemática de la sociedad actual.
Ÿ Presentar las actuales contribuciones de la investigación en orientación llevadas a cabo por expertos en la
materia.
Ÿ Reflexionar sobre las necesidades de la orientación en los distintos contextos de intervención.
Ÿ Crear un espacio de convivencia entre los profesionales de la orientación educativa.
Ÿ Conocer experiencias llevadas a cabo por los profesionales de la orientación.
Ÿ Fomentar iniciativas que contribuyan a la mejora de la calidad de la intervención orientadora tanto en el
terreno educativo como en el mundo del empleo.
Programa de la Jornada Anual de l'Associació Catalana de Psicopedagogia i Orientació per el 19 de novembre de 2014
http://acpocat.blogspot.com.es/2014/11/jornada-anual-acpo.html
Programa Jornada Orientació Educativa 2016Sylvie Pérez
Programa de la Jornada d'Orientació Educativa que tindrà lloc el dissabte 16 d'abril INS Verdaguer de Barcelona.
Equip formador: Joana Ferrer, Montse Ortiz i Eulàlia Cervera.
Benvinguda d'Angel Domingo , subdirector general d'Innovació, Formació i Orientació
Presentació del Treball Final de Màster. Curs 2012-2013. Especialitat Orientació Educativa. Correspon a un resum d'un treball consultable a https://sites.google.com/site/cotutories/home
Protocol aplicació mesures en l'arribada de menors procedents de països en co...Sylvie Pérez
Adreçat als Centres Educatius, com a nuclis de concentració de població vulnerable, procedent de països i/o entorns en conflicte bèl.lic
Cedit per Ramon Quilis
Societat Catalana de Pediatria
L’Associació Catalana de Psicopedagogia i Orientació, amb col·laboració del
Centre de Recursos Pedagògics del Segrià i en Jaume Francesch com a President de l'ACPo, conviden a l’acte que es celebrarà el proper 7 de març a les 17.45 hores al CRP, situat a l’Avinguda Pius XII, 4 Lleida.
Presentació de l’ACPO,
- Sra. Anna de Jesús i Cuixart, sotspresidenta de l’associació; psicòloga i
directora de l’EAP de St. Andreu de Barcelona.
Conferència: Actitud i punt: de les capacitats diverses a la normalització.
- Sra. Anna Costa i Magnet, diplomada en Fisioteràpia.
- Sr. Àngel Mas i Parera, mestre i pedagog.
El documento presenta una guía para la elaboración de la programación educativa centrada en competencias del Berritzegune de Leioa. Explica las características de la programación, orientaciones para programar por competencias, ejemplos de secuencias didácticas y esquemas para la programación corta y de unidades didácticas. El objetivo es ayudar a los docentes a diseñar programaciones basadas en el desarrollo de las ocho competencias básicas a través de diferentes asignaturas y metodologías centradas en el alumno.
Sustaining Quality Education in the 21st CenturyYogeshIJTSRD
We are part of a globalized world that is reflected in problems associated with the development of the various dimensions of human endeavor. Dr. Asha Pandey "Sustaining Quality Education in the 21st Century" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd43907.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/43907/sustaining-quality-education-in-the-21st-century/dr-asha-pandey
This document outlines the objectives of a course on education in Pakistan. It discusses several topics:
1. Human resource development and its impact on Pakistan's economic development. HRD aims to improve employee skills through training to increase organizational effectiveness.
2. The relationship between education and HRD. While education provides skills for youth, HRD focuses on corporate training. Strategically combining these systems could reform education and restructure HRD.
3. Technological developments' impact on education. Technologies like digital simulations, improved communication tools, and online collaboration have enhanced learning by making it more engaging, personalized, and self-paced.
The document discusses three major challenges facing higher education institutions: 1) Developing highly qualified people (HQP) who have social impact; 2) Acting as agents of community resilience and development; 3) Making a difference through evidence, capacity building and knowledge.
To address these challenges, the author argues that institutions must focus less on rankings and more on engaging communities, requiring students to contribute socially, promoting lifelong learning and strategic foresight, and aligning resources to build knowledge hubs that support community development and resilience.
By taking these steps, the author believes institutions can reduce inequality, increase social mobility and engagement, expand learning opportunities, and better demonstrate their accountability and relevance through real outcomes and impacts.
Learning and Innovation Skills – 4CsKey Subjects – 3Rs.docxSHIVA101531
Learning and
Innovation Skills – 4Cs
Key Subjects – 3Rs
and 21st Century Themes
Critical thinking • Communication
Collaboration • Creativity
21st Century Student Outcomes
and Support Systems21st Century Student Outcomes and Support Systems
Framework for
21st Century Learning
The Partnership for 21st Century Learning (P21) has developed a vision for
student success in the new global economy.
One Massachusetts Avenue NW, Suite 700 Washington, DC 20001 202-312-6429 www.P21.org
2 1 S T C E N T U R Y S T U D E N T O U T C O M E S
To help practitioners integrate skills into the teaching of core academic subjects, P21 has developed
a unified, collective vision for learning known as the Framework for 21st Century Learning. This
Framework describes the skills, knowledge and expertise students must master to succeed in work
and life; it is a blend of content knowledge, specific skills, expertise and literacies.
Every 21st century skills implementation requires the development of core academic subject
knowledge and understanding among all students. Those who can think critically and communicate
effectively must build on a base of core academic subject knowledge.
Within the context of content knowledge instruction, students must also learn the essential
skills for success in today’s world, such as critical thinking, problem solving, communication and
collaboration.
When a school or district builds on this foundation, combining the entire Framework with the
necessary support systems—standards, assessments, curriculum and instruction, professional
development and learning environments—students are more engaged in the learning process and
graduate better prepared to thrive in today’s global economy.Publication date: 05/15
One Massachusetts Avenue NW, Suite 700 Washington, DC 20001 202-312-6429 www.P21.org
Key Subjects and 21st Century Themes
Mastery of key subjects and 21st century themes is essential to student success. Key subjects include
English, reading or language arts, world languages, arts, mathematics, economics, science, geography,
history, government and civics.
In addition, schools must promote an understanding of academic content at much higher levels by weaving
21st century interdisciplinary themes into core subjects:
• Global Awareness
• Financial, Economic, Business and Entrepreneurial Literacy
• Civic Literacy
• Health Literacy
• Environmental Literacy
Learning and Innovation Skills
Learning and innovation skills are what separate students who are prepared for increasingly complex life
and work environments in today’s world and those who are not. They include:
• Creativity and Innovation
• Critical Thinking and Problem Solving
• Communication and Collaboration
Information, Media and Technology Skills
Today, we live in a technology and media-driven environment, marked by access to an abundance
of information, rapid changes in technology tools and the ability to collab ...
Capacity development for Sustainable developmentManoj Mota
Sustainable development, Ways to Improve the Effectiveness of Capacity Building, Identifying needs and building on existing capacities
Being clear about the objectives
Using a wide range of capacity building approaches
Target the right people to build a critical mass
Making the training-of-trainers approach work
Institutionalizing capacity building programmers at regional and national level
P21 Framework Definitions Page 1 of 9 Publication date 5.docxalfred4lewis58146
Here are the responses to the brief exercises:
BE2-1: See attached flowchart showing the flow of costs in a
typical job order costing system. The eight transactions are:
1) Issuing raw materials requisition 2) Recording raw materials issued
3) Recording raw materials purchased 4) Recording factory overhead applied
5) Recording direct labor 6) Completing job cost sheet 7) Closing job cost sheet
8) Billing and recording sale
BE2-2:
Raw Materials: Debit Raw Materials Inventory $4,000
Credit Accounts Payable $4,000
Factory Labor: Debit Factory Wages Expense $5,200
Debit Payroll T
The document discusses 21st century skills and education in South Africa. It defines 21st century skills as the skills needed to live and work in an increasingly digital world, including skills like critical thinking, problem solving, collaboration, and digital literacy. It discusses frameworks for 21st century skills from organizations like the UN and EU that include communication, digital competence, social skills, and learning to learn. The document also covers South Africa's efforts to develop 21st century skills through its curriculum, focusing on outcomes like responsible citizenship, lifelong learning, and meeting the needs of the knowledge economy.
The Great Generation - Corporate Experiential Learning Offerlissalourenco
The Great Generation provides experiential learning programs to develop creative entrepreneurial professionals who can address 21st century challenges. It runs 7-14 day projects where students and professionals collaborate with communities in emerging countries to tackle local problems, gaining hands-on experience outside their comfort zones. The Great Generation has delivered over 50 such projects, working with a network of community organizations and using its expertise to build capacity and provide consultancy services focused on livelihood creation, education, and addressing the roots of poverty.
The document provides an executive summary of the National Educational Technology Plan for 2010. It discusses two goals for 2020: raising the proportion of college graduates to 60% and closing achievement gaps. It calls for embracing innovation, evaluation, and continuous improvement in education through technology. A model is presented with recommendations in five areas: learning, assessment, teaching, infrastructure, and productivity. The plan aims to transform education through personalized and technology-powered learning.
To thrive in the 21st century, students need more than traditional academic learning. They must be adept at collaboration, communication and problem-solving, which are some of the skills developed through social and emotional learning (SEL). Coupled with mastery of traditional skills, social and emotional proficiency will equip students to succeed in the swiftly evolving digital economy. In 2015, the World Economic Forum published a report that focused on the pressing issue of the 21st-century skills gap and ways to address it through technology (New Vision for Education: Unlocking the Potential of Technology). In that report, we defined a set of 16 crucial proficiencies for education in the 21st century. Those skills include six “foundational literacies”, such as literacy, numeracy and scientific literacy, and 10 skills that we labelled either “competencies” or “character qualities”. Competencies are the means by which students approach complex challenges; they include collaboration, communication and critical thinking and problem-solving. Character qualities are the ways in which students approach their changing environment; they include curiosity, adaptability and social and cultural awareness (see Exhibit 1).
In our current report, New Vision for Education: Fostering Social and Emotional Learning through Technology, we follow up on our 2015 report by exploring how these competencies and character qualities do more than simply deepen 21st-century skills. Together, they lie at the heart of SEL and are every bit as important as the foundational skills required for traditional academic learning. Although many stakeholders have defined SEL more narrowly, we believe the definition of SEL is evolving. We define SEL broadly to encompass the 10 competencies and character qualities.1 As is the case with traditional academic learning, technology can be invaluable at enabling SEL.
1Running head CREATIVITY AND INNOVATIONCREATIVITY AND INNOVAT.docxeugeniadean34240
1
Running head: CREATIVITY AND INNOVATION
CREATIVITY AND INNOVATION 2
Creativity and innovation
Introduction
This is an educational project that attempts to create an interactive website for educational purposes. The website created is for education and for providing s platform for the learners to share their knowledge with the community in a way that seeks to solve the problems. Education is used as a means to attain the socio-economic status in the society. It imparts educational and innovative skills in the learners to enable them cope with everyday life challenges. The young ones will have entrepreneurial skills imparted in them so that as they grow they continue to develop good business acumen.
Modification
This learning website has to be redesigned to capture the 21st Century Skills. This is a method that factors in the current education environment and the prevailing social issues. It seeks to integrate the children into the new global economy. This education plan imparts the information, media and technology skills; the 4Cs of learning; career and life skills; standards and guidelines for assessments; professional development and favorable learning environment. In the changes made for this plan, the website would be used to impart valuable life and career skills.
Other than real knowledge and thinking ability, the working environment requires an individual who can steer through life in the social sphere and who has other innate qualities. Some of these attributes include self-direction, leadership, initiative, adaptability and creativity. The learners are taught the creative thinking and problem-solving skills to help cope with situations. Technology skills are critical in the current world. Without information technology and communication skills, we would not be able to cooperate with one another and share ideas.
Evaluation
The learning activities in this project are aligned with the components of the 21st Century Support System. These systems aid in the creation of the multi-dimensional abilities that enable the learners to cope well in the current economic system. The skills require a well-structured support system to boost their mastery. The education program must be set to the 21st Century Standards. These standards are technologically oriented; focus on the life skills and problem-solving abilities.
The curriculum instruction given used in this education program is set to the 21st Century Standards. They are development oriented and are designed to produce all-round individuals. The learning environment created by this method is conducive for creative and innovative thinkers. It boosts cooperation and social interactions. Communication offers the key to understanding one another. It is used to enhance the performance of the individual learners and the community.
Reflection
When redesigning this learning program, I met with so many technical challen.
Promoting the development of Career Management Skills in career education: mo...Constantinos8
Κυπρο-Ελλαδικό Συνέδριο Συμβουλευτικής και Επαγγελματικής Αγωγής 2022
Teresa M. Sgaramella
FISPPA Department _ University of Padova (Italy)
Teresamaria.sgaramella@unipd.it
Building a Culture of Innovation in Higher EducationLuciano Sathler
This document provides a framework and self-assessment tool to help higher education leaders build a culture of innovation at their institutions. It identifies 7 key factors that drive an innovation culture: leadership, structure and process, resource allocation, capacity, communication, learning agenda, and policy environment. The tool can be used to assess an organization's current level of progress in establishing an innovation culture based on these factors. The document aims to help higher ed leaders navigate challenges to innovation, such as a lack of evidence for new approaches and resistance to change, in order to reinvent higher education.
Globalization in 21 st century educationjakemiller44
Globalization refers to the increasing integration and exchange of ideas, products, and culture arising from advances in transportation and communication technologies. In the 21st century, globalization requires education systems to shift goals and pedagogy to ensure students can compete globally for jobs. Schools must help students develop skills like collaboration, problem-solving, and global literacy to succeed in today's interconnected world. Incorporating real-world examples of globalization, like standardized testing and outsourced jobs, can enhance 21st century education.
Globalization in 21 st century educationJoseph Bias
This document discusses globalization in 21st century education. It defines globalization as the process of international integration arising from cultural exchanges promoted by advances in transportation and telecommunications. For education, globalization means students must compete globally for jobs and have skills like collaboration, problem-solving, and creativity to succeed. Schools must adapt pedagogy and goals to ensure students can collaborate internationally and think critically. Experiential learning through activities can also help develop skills valued by employers. Technology allows tasks to be completed globally and students must be able to use it to access global markets.
Jim Wynn - Developing learning communitiesLielvārds
This document discusses developing learning communities through building competency frameworks that observe, develop, and measure behaviors in real-time within communities of practice. It emphasizes moving beyond formal courses that assess isolated skills to systems where skills and behaviors are developed collaboratively. Examples provided include a framework for capturing evidence of actions and learning, and building a community of practice among teachers in Egypt through a learning ambassador program and online platform. The goal is to connect schools through local learning communities into a national grid for learning.
Quality Assurance and Evaluation in the Tertiary Education SystemMŠMT IPN KVALITA
This document discusses quality assurance and evaluation in tertiary education. It outlines the key aspects of the Bologna Process for harmonizing higher education across Europe, including adopting a system of readable and comparable degrees based on learning outcomes and competencies. It emphasizes the importance of a student-centered approach focused on learning processes, outcomes, and mobility. The document proposes a methodology for assessing the social responsibility and sustainable development practices of engineering programs based on standards in institution strategy, education/curriculum, student involvement, and research/innovation.
The document outlines an agenda for a future ready workshop focusing on ten trends in education including social mapping, big and small data, micro-credentials, and wellbeing. It includes activities for participants to explore trends in more depth and discuss characteristics of future ready learners. The workshop also addresses focusing curriculum, learning environments, activities on capabilities rather than subjects, and integrating principles of the New Zealand curriculum. Next steps suggested are for participants to identify concrete actions they will take back to their schools.
RECODE, an initiative lead by McConnell Foundation, and UpSocial are researching how Canadian post-secondary institutions could adapt to more adequately address community needs.
Presentació de suport per a taller de famílies per tal d'explicar com gestionar l'economia a la familia, elaboració de pressupostos familiars, gestió de la despesa, etc.
Hàbits d’alimentació saludables i dieta equilibradaSylvie Pérez
Presentació de suport a taller amb famílies sobre els hàbits d'alimentació i una dieta saludable. El.laborat per treballar amb pares i mares.
Necessita del suport d'un pdf explicatiu en quant a lres rutines.
Acte cloenda del curs 2014-2015 organitzat per l'ACPO.
Compta amb una Taula d'Experts que porta per títol:
"Actitud i punt: des de les capacitats diverses a la normalització"
ACPO organitza una Taula d'experts el 19 març 2105: Avaluar o Examinar?Sylvie Pérez
ACPO organitza una taula d'experts per tal de reflexionar sobre la finalitat de l'avaluació als programes educatius, si existeixen diferents formes d'avaluació, si serveixen els models europeus a casa nostra, si estem avaluant el nostre sistema educatiu quan avaluem els alumnes...
La taula estarà formada per: Juan Andrés Ligero i Lasa, professor de la Fac. de Ciències Socials i Jurídiques de la Universidad Carlos III de Madrid; Joan Mateo i Andrés, Dctor en Pedagogia, catedràtic de Mètodes d'investigació i diagnòstic en Educació de la Universitat de Barcelona i Secretari de Polítiques Educatives del Dep. d'Ensenyament; Joan Subirats i Humet, Dctor en Ciències Econòmiques, catedràtic de Ciències Polítiques, professor i Investigador de l'IGOP de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona.
La taula està moderada per Àlex Letosa i Porta, director de l'Institut arquitecte Manuel Raspall de Cardedeu , professor consultor de la Universitat Oberta de Catalunya i vocal de la Junta de l'ACPO
Complementa a l'altre càpsula de cerca de feina. Guia per dues sessions d'una hora de com donar-se d'alta alguns serveis de cerca de feina per internet.
Material de suport elaborat íntegrament per mi mateixa per a l'orientació en la cerca de feina per internet. Contextualitzat al Vendrell, utilitzat per primer cop en una sessió del projecte BiblioTIC desenvolupat a la Biblioteca Pública Terra Baixa del Vendrell.
I Congres Internacional d'Orientació per una Societat Inclusiva Barcelona 2014Sylvie Pérez
Dades més significatives i rellevants del Congres Internacional d'Orientació per una societat Inclusiva, que tindrá lloc el 30,31 de Maig y 1 de Juny de 2014 a Barcelona. Congres organizat per ACO i ACPO i que ofereix un pre-congres gratuit els dies anteriors al mateix i que pot seguir-se també a @Bcna_Inclusiva i https://www.facebook.com/BarcelonaInclusiva2014.
I Congreso Internacional de Orientación para una Sociedad Inclusiva Barcelona...Sylvie Pérez
Datos más significativos y relevantes del Congreso Internacional de Orientación para una sociedad Inclusiva, que tendrá lugar el 30,31 de Mayo y 1 de Junio de 2014 en Barcelona. Congreso organizado por ACO y ACPO y que ofrece un pre-congreso gratuito los días anteriores al mismo y que puede seguirse también en @Bcna_Inclusiva y https://www.facebook.com/BarcelonaInclusiva2014.
Alta al correu electrònic de Gmail. Conceptes bàsics.Sylvie Pérez
Material per una sessió de 120min per mostrar com donar-se d'alta una adreça de email. Conceptes bàsics: adreça mail i adreça web, usuari i contrasenya, acompanyament en l'alta del correu, etc.
Què és i com descarregar-se l'històric de vida laboral Sylvie Pérez
Explicació del que és l'històric de vida laboral i passes a seguir per descarregar-se'l des d' Internet. Altres gestions que poden fer-se online amb la seguretat social. El·laborat per fer-se servir al projecte BiblioTIC de la Biblioteca del Vendrell.
Tríptico Oficial del I Congreso Internacional de Orientación para una sociedad inclusiva que tendrá lugar en Barcelona el 30 y 31 de Mayo y 1 de Junio del presente año.
Eines, idees i recursos per fer-se un CurrículumSylvie Pérez
Material elaborat per mi per tal de dur a terme una sessió de 90min a fi de donar orientacions per fer un currículum.
Emprat per mi mateixa al projecte BiblioTIC de la Biblioteca Pública del Vendrell per primera vegada.
El Bart Simpson fue atrapado por la policía después de patinar en medio de la carretera, lo que estaba prohibido, y se cayó lastimándose. La policía lo llevó a la comisaría y le puso una multa por no obedecer la señal de prohibido patinar.
This presentation was provided by Racquel Jemison, Ph.D., Christina MacLaughlin, Ph.D., and Paulomi Majumder. Ph.D., all of the American Chemical Society, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
A Visual Guide to 1 Samuel | A Tale of Two HeartsSteve Thomason
These slides walk through the story of 1 Samuel. Samuel is the last judge of Israel. The people reject God and want a king. Saul is anointed as the first king, but he is not a good king. David, the shepherd boy is anointed and Saul is envious of him. David shows honor while Saul continues to self destruct.
This presentation was provided by Rebecca Benner, Ph.D., of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsKrassimira Luka
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
Level 3 NCEA - NZ: A Nation In the Making 1872 - 1900 SML.pptHenry Hollis
The History of NZ 1870-1900.
Making of a Nation.
From the NZ Wars to Liberals,
Richard Seddon, George Grey,
Social Laboratory, New Zealand,
Confiscations, Kotahitanga, Kingitanga, Parliament, Suffrage, Repudiation, Economic Change, Agriculture, Gold Mining, Timber, Flax, Sheep, Dairying,
3. PISA AND THE DEFINITION OF KEY COMPETENCIES
In 1997, OECD member countries launched the Programme for International Student
Assessment (PISA), with the aim of monitoring the extent to which students near the end of
compulsory schooling have acquired the knowledge and skills essential for full participation in
society. Driving the development of PISA have been:
● Its policy orientation, with design and reporting methods determined by the need of
governments to draw policy lessons;
● Its innovative “literacy” concept concerned with the capacity of students to analyse, reason
and communicate effectively as they pose, solve and interpret problems in a variety of
subject matter areas;
● Its relevance to lifelong learning, which does not limit PISA to assessing students’
curricular and cross-curricular competencies but also asks them to report on their own
motivation to learn, beliefs about themselves and learning strategies; and
● Its regularity, which will enable countries to monitor their progress in meeting key learning
objectives.
PISA assessments began with comparing students’ knowledge and skills in the areas of reading,
mathematics, science and problem solving. The assessment of student performance in selected
school subjects took place with the understanding, though, that students’ success in life
depends on a much wider range of competencies. The OECD’s Definition and Selection of
Competencies (DeSeCo) Project, which is summarised in this brochure, provides a framework
that can guide the longer-term extension of assessments into new competency domains.
Executive Summary 3
Mep_interieur 27/05/05 9:17 Page 3
4. OVERVIEW
What Competencies Do We Need for a Successful Life
and a Well-Functioning Society?
Today’s societies place challenging demands on individuals, who are confronted with
complexity in many parts of their lives. What do these demands imply for key competencies that
individuals need to acquire? Defining such competencies can improve assessments of how well
prepared young people and adults are for life’s challenges, as well as identify overarching goals
for education systems and lifelong learning.
A competency is more than just knowledge and skills. It involves the ability to meet complex
demands, by drawing on and mobilising psychosocial resources (including skills and attitudes)
in a particular context. For example, the ability to communicate effectively is a competency that
may draw on an individual’s knowledge of language, practical IT skills and attitudes towards
those with whom he or she is communicating.
Individuals need a wide range of competencies in order to face the complex challenges of today’s
world, but it would be of limited practical value to produce very long lists of everything that they
may need to be able to do in various contexts at some point in their lives. Through the DeSeCo
Project, the OECD has collaborated with a wide range of scholars, experts and institutions to
identify a small set of key competencies, rooted in a theoretical understanding of how such
competencies are defined. Each key competency must:
● Contribute to valued outcomes for societies and individuals;
● Help individuals meet important demands in a wide variety of contexts; and
● Be important not just for specialists but for all individuals.
4 The Definition and Selection of Key Competencies
Why are competencies so important today?
Globalisation and modernisation are creating an
increasingly diverse and interconnected world. To make
sense of and function well in this world, individuals need
for example to master changing technologies and to make
sense of large amounts of available information. They also
face collective challenges as societies – such as balancing
economic growth with environmental sustainability, and
prosperity with social equity. In these contexts, the
competencies that individuals need to meet their goals
have become more complex, requiring more than the
mastery of certain narrowly defined skills.
“Sustainable development
and social cohesion depend
critically on the competencies of
all of our population – with
competencies understood to cover
knowledge, skills, attitudes and
values.”
OECD Education Ministers
Mep_interieur 27/05/05 9:17 Page 4
5. Key Competencies in Three Broad Categories
The DeSeCo Project’s conceptual framework for key
competencies classifies such competencies in
three broad categories. First, individuals need
to be able to use a wide range of tools for
interacting effectively with the environment:
both physical ones such as information
technology and socio-cultural ones such as
the use of language. They need to understand
such tools well enough to adapt them for their
own purposes – to use tools interactively. Second, in an
increasingly interdependent world, individuals need to
be able to engage with others, and since they will
encounter people from a range of backgrounds, it is
important that they are able to interact in heterogeneous
groups. Third, individuals need to be able to take responsibility for managing their own lives,
situate their lives in the broader social context and act autonomously.
These categories, each with a specific focus, are interrelated, and collectively form a basis for
identifying and mapping key competencies. The need for individuals to think and act reflectively
is central to this framework of competencies. Reflectiveness involves not just the ability to apply
routinely a formula or method for confronting a situation, but also the ability to deal with
change, learn from experience and think and act with a critical stance.
The following pages look first at the demands of modern life and how they lead to this
framework, second at the details of the framework itself and third at how the framework can
be used both to inform the assessment of educational outcomes and for wider purposes.
Executive Summary 5
Producing this framework: How the OECD developed a collaborative,
multidisciplinary approach to defining a set of key competencies
In late 1997, the OECD initiated the DeSeCo Project with the aim of providing a sound conceptual
framework to inform the identification of key competencies and strengthen international surveys
measuring the competence level of young people and adults. This project, carried out under the
leadership of Switzerland and linked to PISA, brought together experts in a wide range of disciplines
to work with stakeholders and policy analysts to produce a policy-relevant framework. Individual
OECD countries were able to contribute their own views to inform the process. The project
acknowledged diversity in values and priorities across countries and cultures, yet also identified
universal challenges of the global economy and culture, as well as common values that inform the
selection of the most important competencies.
Act
autonomously
Interact in
heterogeneous
groups
Use tools
interactively
(e.g. language,
technology)
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6. A BASIS FOR KEY COMPETENCIES
Competence and the demands of modern life
Key competencies are not determined by arbitrary decisions about what personal qualities and
cognitive skills are desirable, but by careful consideration of the psychosocial prerequisites for a
successful life and a well-functioning society. What demands does today’s society place on its
citizens? The answer needs to be rooted in a coherent concept of what constitutes key
competencies.
This demand-led approach asks what individuals need in order to function well in society as
they find it. What competencies do they need to find and to hold down a job? What kind of
adaptive qualities are required to cope with changing technology?
However, competence is also an important factor in the ways that individuals help to shape the
world, not just to cope with it. Thus, as well as relating to key features and demands of modern
life, competencies are also determined by the nature of our goals, both as individuals and as a
society.
The framework described here relates to individual competencies, rather than to the collective
capacities of organisations or groups. However, as illustrated in the diagram below, the sum of
individual competencies also affects the ability to achieve shared goals.
6 The Definition and Selection of Key Competencies
• Individual competencies
• Institutional competencies
• Application of individual
competencies to contribute
to collective goalsSuccess for society
Including:
• Economic productivity
• Democratic processes
• Social cohesion, equity and
human rights
• Ecological sustainability
Success for individuals
Including:
• Gainful employment, income
• Personal health, safety
• Political participation
• Social networks
Require:
Individual and collective goals and competencies
Mep_interieur 27/05/05 9:17 Page 6
7. Individual and global challenges
Individuals need to draw on key competencies that allow them to adapt to a world characterised
by change, complexity and interdependence. These competencies need to be appropriate for a
world where:
● Technology is changing rapidly and continuously, and learning to deal with it requires not
just one-off mastery of processes but also adaptability.
● Societies are becoming more diverse and compartmentalised, with interpersonal
relationships therefore requiring more contact with those who are different from oneself.
● Globalisation is creating new forms of interdependence, and actions are subject both to
influences (such as economic competition) and consequences (such as pollution) that
stretch well beyond an individual’s local or national community.
Common values as an anchor
Insofar as competencies are needed to help accomplish collective goals, the selection of key
competencies needs to some extent to be informed by an understanding of shared values. The
competency framework is thus anchored in such values at a general level. All OECD societies
agree on the importance of democratic values and achieving sustainable development. These
values imply both that individuals should be able to achieve their potential and that they should
respect others and contribute to producing an equitable society. This complementarity of
individual and collective goals needs to be reflected in a framework of competencies that
acknowledges both individuals’ autonomous development and their interaction with others.
Selecting key competencies
The above demands place varied requirements on individuals in different places and different
situations. However, as set out above, key competencies are those of particular value, that have
multiple areas of usefulness and that are needed by everyone.
The first of these conditions, that competencies should be valued, applies in relation to
measurable benefits for both economic and social purposes. Recent research reinforces the view
that human capital not only plays a critical role in economic performance, but also brings key
individual and social benefits such as better health, improved well being, better parenting, and
increased social and political engagement.
The second condition, that competencies should bring benefits in a wide spectrum of contexts,
means that they should apply to multiple areas of life. Thus, certain areas of competence are
needed not only in the labour market but also in private relationships, in political engagement
and so on, and it is these transversal competencies that are defined as key.
The third condition, that key competencies should be important for all individuals,
deemphasises those competencies that are of use only in a specific trade, occupation or walk of
life. Emphasis is given to transversal competencies that everyone should aspire to develop and
maintain.
Executive Summary 7
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8. THE FRAMEWORK
Underlying characteristics of key competencies
A framework of key competencies consists of a set of specific competencies, bound together in
an integrated approach. Before looking at the specifics of the competencies in the three clusters
shown above, it is worth noting the underlying features reaching across all of these categories.
Moving beyond taught knowledge and skills
In most OECD countries, value is placed on flexibility, entrepreneurship and personal
responsibility. Not only are individuals expected to be adaptive, but also innovative, creative,
self-directed and self-motivated.
Many scholars and experts agree that coping with today’s challenges calls for better
development of individuals’ abilities to tackle complex mental tasks, going well beyond the basic
reproduction of accumulated knowledge. Key competencies involve a mobilisation of cognitive
and practical skills, creative abilities and other psychosocial resources such as attitudes,
motivation and values.
Despite the fact that competencies comprise more than just taught knowledge, the DeSeCo
Project suggests that a competency can itself be learned within a favourable learning
environment.
At the centre of the framework of key competencies is the ability of individuals to think for
themselves as an expression of moral and intellectual maturity, and to take responsibility for
their learning and for their actions.
Reflectiveness – the heart of key competencies
An underlying part of this framework is reflective thought and action. Thinking reflectively
demands relatively complex mental processes and requires the subject of a thought process to
become its object. For example, having applied themselves to mastering a particular mental
technique, reflectiveness allows individuals to then think about this technique, assimilate it,
relate it to other aspects of their experiences, and to change or adapt it. Individuals who are
reflective also follow up such thought processes with practice or action.
8 The Definition and Selection of Key Competencies
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9. Thus, reflectiveness implies the use of metacognitive skills (thinking about thinking), creative
abilities and taking a critical stance. It is not just about how individuals think, but also about
how they construct experience more generally, including their thoughts, feelings and social
relations. This requires individuals to reach a level of social maturity that allows them to
distance themselves from social pressures, take different perspectives, make independent
judgments and take responsibility for their actions.
Executive Summary 9
Combining key competencies
A further link between the specific competencies described below is that in any one context, one
is likely to draw on more than one such competency. In fact, any given situation or goal may
demand a constellation of competencies, configured differently for each particular case.
People living in different situations will draw to varying degrees on various competencies
according, for example to cultural norms, technological access, social and power relations.
Going beyond the either-or: An illustration of reflectiveness
The ability to deal with differences and contradictions is found on many lists of key competencies
within the economic and educational sector. Today’s diverse and complex world demands that we do
not necessarily rush to a single answer, to an either-or solution, but rather handle tensions –
between, for instance, autonomy and solidarity, diversity and universality, and innovation and
continuity – by integrating seemingly contradictory or incompatible goals as aspects of the same
reality. Thus, individuals have to learn to think and act in a more integrated way, taking into account
the manifold interconnections and interrelations between positions or ideas that may appear
contradictory, but that may sometimes only superficially be so.
Acting
autonomously
context A
context B
Using tools
interactively
Functioning in heterogeneous groups
Key competencies are employed in different combinations in varying contexts
Mep_interieur 27/05/05 9:17 Page 9
10. Competency Category 1: Using Tools Interactively
The social and professional demands of
the global economy and the information
society require mastery of socio-cultural
tools for interacting with knowledge,
such as language, information, and
knowledge, as well as physical tools such
as computers.
Using tools interactively requires more
than having access to the tool and the
technical skills required to handle it
(e.g. read a text, use software).
Individuals also need to create and adapt
knowledge and skills. This requires a
familiarity with the tool itself as well as an understanding of how it changes the way one can
interact with the world and how it can be used to accomplish broader goals. In this sense, a tool
is not just a passive mediator, but an instrument in an active dialogue between the individual
and his or her environment.
Individuals encounter the world through cognitive, socio-cultural and physical tools. These
encounters, in turn, shape how they make sense of and become competent in the world, deal
with transformation and change, and respond to long-term challenges. Using tools interactively
opens up new possibilities in the way individuals perceive and relate to the world.
Current international assessments, in particular PISA (www.pisa.oecd.org) and the Adult
Literacy and Life Skills Survey (ALL, www.ets.org/all), conducted by Statistics Canada, provide
empirical evidence on the salience of key competencies in terms of the ability to interact with
tools such as written texts.
COMPETENCY 1-A
The ability to use language, symbols and text interactively
This key competency concerns the effective use of spoken and written language skills,
computation and other mathematical skills, in multiple situations. It is an essential tool for
functioning well in society and the workplace and participating in an effective dialogue with
others. Terms such as “communication competence” or “literacies” are associated with this key
competency.
Reading literacy and mathematical literacy in PISA and numeracy as defined in ALL are
illustrations of this key competency.
10 The Definition and Selection of Key Competencies
Why
● The need to keep up to date with technologies
● The need to adapt tools to own purposes
● The need to conduct active dialogue with the
world
What competencies
A. Use language, symbols and texts interactively
B. Use knowledge and information interactively
C. Use technology interactively
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11. COMPETENCY 1-B
The ability to use knowledge and information interactively
Both the increasingly important role of the service and information sectors and the central role
of knowledge management throughout today’s societies make it essential for people to be able
to use information and knowledge interactively.
This key competency requires critical reflection on the nature of information itself – its
technical infrastructure and its social, cultural, and even ideological context and impact.
Information competence is necessary as a basis for understanding options, forming opinions,
making decisions, and carrying out informed and responsible actions.
Using knowledge and information interactively requires individuals to:
● Recognise and determine what is not known;
● Identify, locate and access appropriate information sources (including assembling
knowledge and information in cyberspace);
● Evaluate the quality, appropriateness and value of that information, as well as its
sources; and
● Organise knowledge and information.
An illustration of this key competency is scientific literacy, as developed in the framework for
the 2006 PISA survey. This seeks to explore the degree to which students are willing to engage
in and interact with scientific enquiry, including how interested they are in scientific questions,
rather than just their ability to exercise cognitive skills as required.
COMPETENCY 1-C
The ability to use technology interactively
Technological innovation has placed new demands on individuals inside and outside the
workplace. At the same time, technological advances present individuals with new opportunities
to meet demands more effectively in new and different ways.
Interactive use of technology requires an awareness of new ways in which individuals can use
technologies in their daily lives. Information and communication technology has the potential
to transform the way people work together (by reducing the importance of location), access
information (by making vast amounts of information sources instantly available) and interact
with others (by facilitating relationships and networks of people from around the world on a
regular basis). To harness such potential, individuals will need to go beyond the basic technical
skills needed to simply use the Internet, send e-mails and so on.
As with other tools, technology can be used interactively if users understand its nature and
reflect on its potential. Most importantly, individuals need to relate the possibilities embedded
in technological tools to their own circumstances and goals. A first step is for individuals to
incorporate technologies into their common practices, which produces a familiarity with the
technology that then allows them to extend its uses.
Executive Summary 11
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12. Competency Category 2: Interacting in Heterogeneous Groups
Throughout their lives human beings are
dependent on ties to others, for material
and psychological survival, as well as in
relation to social identity. As societies
become in some ways more fragmented
and also more diverse, it becomes
important to manage interpersonal
relationships well both for the benefit of
individuals and to build new forms of
co-operation.
The building of social capital is
important, as existing social bonds
weaken and new ones are created by
those with the ability to form strong networks. One of the potential sources of inequity in the
future could be differences in the competence of various groups to build and benefit from social
capital.
The key competencies in this category are required for individuals to learn, live and work with
others. They address many of the features associated with terms such as “social competencies”,
“social skills”, “intercultural competencies” or “soft skills”.
COMPETENCY 2-A
The ability to relate well to others
This first key competency allows individuals to initiate, maintain and manage personal
relationships with, for example, personal acquaintances, colleagues and customers. Relating
well is not only a requirement for social cohesion but, increasingly, for economic success as
changing firms and economies are placing increased emphasis on emotional intelligence.
This competency assumes that individuals are able to respect and appreciate the values, beliefs,
cultures and histories of others in order to create an environment where they feel welcome, are
included and thrive.
Co-operating well with others requires:
● Empathy – taking the role of the other person and imagining the situation from his or her
perspective. This leads to self-reflection, when, upon considering a wide range of opinions
and beliefs, individuals recognize that what they take for granted in a situation is not
necessarily shared by others.
● Effective management of emotions – being self-aware and able to interpret effectively one’s
own underlying emotional and motivational states and those of others.
12 The Definition and Selection of Key Competencies
Why
● The need to deal with diversity in pluralistic
societies
● The importance of empathy
● The importance of social capital
What competencies
A. Relate well to others
B. Co-operate, work in teams
C. Manage and resolve conflicts
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13. COMPETENCY 2-B
The ability to cooperate
Many demands and goals cannot be met by one individual alone but instead require those who
share the same interests to join forces in groups such as work teams, civic movements,
management groups, political parties or trade unions.
Co-operation requires each individual to have certain qualities. Each needs to be able to balance
commitment to the group and its goals with his or her own priorities and must be able to share
leadership and to support others. Specific components of this competency include:
● The ability to present ideas and listen to those of others;
● An understanding of the dynamics of debate and following an agenda;
● The ability to construct tactical or sustainable alliances;
● The ability to negotiate; and
● The capacity to make decisions that allow for different shades of opinion.
COMPETENCY 2-C
The ability to manage and resolve conflicts
Conflict occurs in all aspects of life, whether in the home, workplace or the larger community
and society. Conflict is part of social reality, an inherent part of human relationships. It arises
when two or more individuals or groups oppose one another because of divergent needs,
interests, goals or values.
The key to approaching conflict in a constructive manner is to recognise that it is a process to
be managed rather than seeking to negate it. This requires consideration of the interests and
needs of others and solutions in which both sides gain.
For individuals to take an active part in conflict management and resolution, they need to be
able to:
● Analyse the issues and interests at stake (e.g. power, recognition of merit, division of work,
equity), the origins of the conflict and the reasoning of all sides, recognising that there are
different possible positions;
● Identify areas of agreement and disagreement;
● Reframe the problem; and
● Prioritise needs and goals, deciding what they are willing to give up and under what
circumstances.
Executive Summary 13
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14. Competency Category 3: Acting Autonomously
Acting autonomously does not mean
functioning in social isolation. On the
contrary, it requires an awareness of
one’s environment, of social dynamics
and of the roles one plays and wants to
play. It requires individuals to be
empowered to manage their lives in
meaningful and responsible ways by
exercising control over their living and
working conditions.
Individuals must act autonomously in
order to participate effectively in the
development of society and to function
well in different spheres of life including
the workplace, family life and social life.
This is because they need to develop
independently an identity and to make choices, rather than just follow the crowd. In doing so,
they need to reflect on their values and on their actions.
Acting autonomously is particularly important in the modern world where each person’s position
is not as well-defined as was the case traditionally. Individuals need to create a personal identity
in order to give their lives meaning, to define how they fit in. One illustration of this is with
respect to work, where there are fewer stable, lifelong occupations working for a single employer.
In general, autonomy requires an orientation towards the future and an awareness of one’s
environment, of social dynamics and of the roles one plays and wants to play. It assumes the
possession of a sound self-concept and the ability to translate needs and wants into acts of will:
decision, choice and action.
COMPETENCY 3-A
The ability to act within the big picture
This key competency requires individuals to understand and consider the wider context of their
actions and decisions. That is, it requires one to take account of how they relate, for example,
to society’s norms, to social and economic institutions and to what has happened in the past.
One needs to recognise how one’s own actions and decisions fit into this wider picture.
This competency requires individuals, for instance, to:
● Understand patterns;
● Have an idea of the system in which they exist (i.e. understand its structures, culture,
practices, and formal and informal rules and expectations and the roles they play within
14 The Definition and Selection of Key Competencies
Why
● The need to realise one’s identity and set goals,
in complex world
● The need to exercise rights and take
responsibility
● The need to understand one’s environment and
its functioning
What competencies
A. Act within the big picture
B. Form and conduct life plans and personal
projects
C. Defend and assert rights, interests, limits and
needs
Mep_interieur 27/05/05 9:17 Page 14
15. it, including understanding laws and regulations, but also unwritten social norms, moral
codes, manners and protocol. It complements an understanding of rights with knowledge
of the constraints on actions;
● Identify the direct and indirect consequences of their actions; and
● Choose between different courses of action by reflecting on their potential consequences
in relation to individual and shared norms and goals.
COMPETENCY 3-B
The ability to form and conduct life plans and personal projects
This competency applies the concept of project management to individuals. It requires
individuals to interpret life as an organised narrative and to give it meaning and purpose in a
changing environment, where life is often fragmented.
This competency assumes an orientation toward the future, implying both optimism and
potential, but also a firm grounding within the realm of the feasible. Individuals must be able,
for instance, to:
● Define a project and set a goal;
● Identify and evaluate both the resources to which they have access and the resources they
needs (e.g. time and money);
● Prioritise and refine goals;
● Balance the resources needed to meet multiple goals;
● Learn from past actions, projecting future outcomes; and
● Monitor progress, making necessary adjustments as a project unfolds.
COMPETENCY 3-C
The ability to assert rights, interests, limits and needs
This competency is important for contexts ranging from highly structured legal affairs to
everyday instances of assertiveness of individuals’ own interests. Although many such rights and
needs are established and protected in laws or contracts, it is ultimately up to individuals to
identify and evaluate their rights, needs and interests (as well as those of others) and to assert
and defend them actively.
On the one hand, this competency relates to self-oriented rights and needs; on the other hand,
it also relates to the rights and needs of the individual as a member of the collective (e.g. actively
participating in democratic institutions and in local and national political processes). The
competency implies the ability, for instance, to:
● Understand one’s own interests (e.g. in an election);
● Know written rules and principles on which to base a case;
● Construct arguments in order to have needs and rights recognised; and
● Suggest arrangements or alternative solutions.
Executive Summary 15
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16. USING A COMPETENCY FRAMEWORK TO SHAPE ASSESSMENT
AND TO INFORM LIFELONG LEARNING
International surveys and the assessment of key competencies
In recent years, new international surveys have for the first time been measuring directly the
degree to which young people and adults have the knowledge and skills that they need in order
to face life’s challenges. In particular, PISA and ALL allow the outcomes of learning to be
compared across national cultures.
Even though assessment continues to be carried out primarily through pencil and paper tests and
focuses to a large extent on the ability to interact with language, symbols and text (competency 1-
A above), considerable progress has already been made towards measuring whether young people
and adults possess necessary competencies. For example, as shown in PISA’s definitions of reading,
mathematical and scientific literacies, PISA aims to identify the degree to which individuals have
the reflective approach to knowledge and learning that underlies the competency framework.
While it is not easy to assess fully the
extent to which students are motivated to
use knowledge reflectively, a starting
point is to assess whether they are capable
of reflecting on the deeper meaning and
construction of written texts. Thus, the
PISA assessment of reading reports not
only on whether students can locate and
interpret information but also on
whether they can reflect on and evaluate
what they have read. PISA places student
performances in reading at one of six
proficiency levels: a student with only the
ability to make a simple connection
between information in a text and
common, everyday knowledge is classified
at Level 1 on this scale, while a student
who can critically evaluate hypotheses
and deal with concepts that are contrary
to expectations can expect to reach the
highest level, Level 5.
A further step in assessment is to move beyond identifying cognitive abilities and to measure
attitudes and dispositions. PISA has initially done this primarily by asking students about their
attitudes to learning and their motivations in a separate questionnaire. This gives information
on, for example, the degree to which students exercise autonomy in learning by controlling the
learning process – for example, checking what they have learned against their goals.
16 The Definition and Selection of Key Competencies
PISA definitions of:
Reading literacy
The capacity to understand, use and reflect on written
texts, in order to achieve one’s goals, develop one’s
knowledge and potential, and participate in society.
Mathematical literacy
The capacity to identify and understand the role that
mathematics plays in the world, make well-founded
judgments, and use and engage with mathematics in
ways that meet the needs of one’s life as a
constructive, concerned and reflective citizen.
Scientific literacy
The capacity to use scientific knowledge, identify
scientific questions and draw evidence-based
conclusions, in order to understand and help make
decisions about the natural world and the changes
made to it through human activity.
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17. The 2006 PISA science assessment explores the relevance and importance that students attach
to scientific issues in questions posed alongside those that test their cognitive abilities.
Moreover, the ALL survey has experimented with assessing individuals’ ability to co-operate
with others, working in teams, although so far it has been difficult to translate this into a
workable assessment within an international survey.
The value of the DeSeCo Project’s overall framework as presented here is that it can provide a
reference point for the further development needed to obtain more complete measures of key
competencies in all three categories (using tools interactively, interacting in heterogeneous
groups, acting autonomously). Possible future avenues for such development include:
● The construction of profiles of competencies, to reflect the fact that each competency is
not used in isolation and that a constellation of competencies is required in any one
context. One way in which such profiles might be produced is by looking at a portfolio of
outcomes for each student rather than at individual competencies in isolation;
● Greater use of information and communication technology in testing to produce more
interactive testing instruments; and
● Exploration of the contribution of key competencies to social and economic well-being.
Key competencies and lifelong learning
The above framework applies equally to the competencies that need to be nurtured at school and
those that can be developed throughout the course of life. It therefore also provides a single
frame of reference for school-based assessments and assessments of adult competencies.
Central to the concept of lifelong learning is the assertion that not all of life-relevant
competencies can be provided by initial education, because:
● Competencies develop and change throughout the lifespan, with the possibility of
acquiring or losing competence as one grows older;
● The demands on individuals can be expected to change throughout their adult lives as a
result of transformations in technology and in social and economic structures; and
● Developmental psychology shows that competence development does not end at
adolescence but continues through the adult years. In particular, the ability to think and
act reflectively, central to the framework, grows with maturity.
This understanding has important implications for both education and assessment. An
evolutionary model of human development provides a theoretical foundation for the purpose
of adult education. Furthermore, it offers a compelling rationale for assessing the competencies
of individuals throughout life against a common set of criteria, and thus to design a coherent
overall assessment strategy that spans young people and adults.
Executive Summary 17
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18. HOW THIS FRAMEWORK WAS DEVELOPED
A collaborative, multidisciplinary effort among experts and countries
The OECD’s DeSeCo Project was designed to bring a wide range of expert and stakeholder opinion
together, to produce a coherent and widely shared analysis of which key competencies are
necessary for the modern world. It complements and is linked to two large international
assessments of these competencies, PISA and ALL.
As illustrated in the diagram, this process started by bringing together existing research and
expert opinion, fed in different national perspectives and used international symposia to
consolidate an agreed framework. These phases took place between the inception of the project
in late 1997 and the publication of its final report in 2003.
18 The Definition and Selection of Key Competencies
Sequence of the DeSeCo Project’s activities
Reports from:
Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland,
France, Germany,
the Netherlands,
New Zealand,
Norway, Sweden,
Switzerland and the United States
First international symposium:
Establishes network to develop thinking on key competencies
Policy makers,
Policy analysts,
Trade unions,
Employers,
National and
international institutions
Sociologists,
Assessment specialists,
Philosophers,
Anthropologist,
Psychologists,
Economists, Historian,
Statisticians, Educators
Review of competence-related research Clarification of concepts of competence
Opinions of experts and stakeholders
Contribution
of country perspectives
Consolidation
of expert analysis
Second international symposium: Builds a consensus
Final report in 2003:
Key Competencies for a Successful Life and a Well-Functioning Society
Dominique Simone Rychen and Laura Hersh Salganik (eds.)
Hogrefe & Huber, Göttingen
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19. Four major activities were at the heart of the project:
● An analysis of existing studies of competencies considered how concepts had been used
and defined. It found a considerable degree of inconsistency, pointing to the need for an
overarching framework.
● A clarification of the concept of competence aimed to build a common understanding of
key concepts.
● The initial selection of a set of key competencies by experts, basing their choices on
research. This involved scholars, experts from many different disciplines, who worked
together to find common ground that could contribute to defining key competencies with
policy relevance.
● Consultation of countries within the OECD to review how each had defined and selected
competencies themselves. This allowed the theoretical perspectives of experts to be related
to the actual articulation of national education needs and priorities.
A central question underlying this process was whether it is possible to identify a set of
competencies that can be considered as key across countries that differ in culture and
perspective, or even across cultures that coexist within individual countries.
On the one hand, it was necessary to acknowledge how even common values can be interpreted
differently in different cultures. On the other hand, those involved in the DeSeCo Project
pointed out that certain countries have been able to identify common values even while
acknowledging their differences. The project was able to identify an agreed set of fundamental
ideals with which a framework of key competencies needs to be compatible. This reflects a
commonality of aspiration while accepting a diversity of application.
Although this exercise was undertaken in the context of OECD countries, similar challenges
may apply to other countries and close co-operation was therefore sought with UNESCO in
defining the framework.
Executive Summary 19
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20. Visit the DeSeCo Project on the Web
www.oecd.org/edu/statistics/deseco
www.deseco.admin.ch
Key DeSeCo publications
Key competencies for a successful life and a well-functioning society (2003)
D.S. Rychen and L.H. Salganik (eds.)
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D.S. Rychen, L.H. Salganik, and M.E. McLaughlin (eds.)
Defining and selecting key competencies (2001)
D.S. Rychen and L.H. Salganik (eds.)
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L.H. Salganik, D.S. Rychen, U. Moser and J. Konstant
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