1) The document compares the carbon footprint of a paper book and an e-book.
2) It finds that the paper book has a carbon footprint of 579g of CO2 equivalents per copy, while the e-book has a lower footprint of 277g of CO2 equivalents per copy.
3) A sensitivity analysis shows that even with different user behaviors of the e-book reading device, the e-book still has a lower carbon footprint than the paper book.
This document provides an overview of bibliometrics and scientometrics. It defines bibliometrics as the application of mathematical and statistical methods to books and other media, and scientometrics as the application of quantitative methods to analyze science as an information process. The lecture covers the history of bibliometrics, key data sources, basic metadata used for indicators, and four types of bibliometric indicators: research activity, research profile, research collaboration, and impact on further research. It also discusses the use of bibliometrics in evaluating the social sciences and humanities as well as research assessment.
FRBR stands for Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records.
Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records is a conceptual entity-relationship model developed by the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA).
A conceptual entity relationship model that relates user tasks of retrieval and access in online library catalogs and bibliographic databases from a user’s perspective.
A new conceptual model for bibliographic universe with a strong users focus .
The purpose of this entity relationship analysis was to discover the logical nature of bibliographic data in terms of entity, attributes and relationship.
Collection development in digital librarieskawaagneK
This document discusses collection development in digital libraries. It begins by quoting Mark Sandler saying libraries need to support new media to remain relevant. It then defines digital libraries and discusses their advantages like unlimited storage and disadvantages like lack of screening. It provides examples of digital collections for public, academic and children's libraries. It discusses weeding digital collections and ways to redefine collection development for the digital age.
This Talk was given by Dr. Sangeeta Dhamdhere, Librarian, PES Modern College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Ganeshkhind, Pune at the State Level Webinar Conducted by the VSPM Academy of Higher Education's Arvindbabu Deshmukh College, Nagpur and Cluster of Thirteen Institutions (CoTI) on 22nd April 2022.
A presentation on how to manage special libraries.
Includes:
- Aspects in special library management
- Problems, challenges and opportunities involved in managing a special library
Course: LIBSCI 36 - Special/Public Librarianship
Teacher: Elizabeth Banlat
The document discusses collection development for print materials in libraries, outlining selection policies, tools, and principles for print collections. It also examines some of the key processes involved in collection development like acquisition, processing, maintenance, and evaluation. Some common challenges of developing print collections are discussed, such as financial and space constraints, lack of staff expertise, and difficulties selecting and procuring appropriate materials.
The document provides an overview of the acquisitions process in libraries. It discusses the key functions of acquisitions including selecting, ordering, receiving, and paying for materials. It describes the necessary skills which include knowledge of publishing and cataloging. The document outlines the acquisitions workflow from request processing to order placement and receipt. It also discusses cooperative collection development between libraries.
This document provides an overview of bibliometrics and scientometrics. It defines bibliometrics as the application of mathematical and statistical methods to books and other media, and scientometrics as the application of quantitative methods to analyze science as an information process. The lecture covers the history of bibliometrics, key data sources, basic metadata used for indicators, and four types of bibliometric indicators: research activity, research profile, research collaboration, and impact on further research. It also discusses the use of bibliometrics in evaluating the social sciences and humanities as well as research assessment.
FRBR stands for Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records.
Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records is a conceptual entity-relationship model developed by the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA).
A conceptual entity relationship model that relates user tasks of retrieval and access in online library catalogs and bibliographic databases from a user’s perspective.
A new conceptual model for bibliographic universe with a strong users focus .
The purpose of this entity relationship analysis was to discover the logical nature of bibliographic data in terms of entity, attributes and relationship.
Collection development in digital librarieskawaagneK
This document discusses collection development in digital libraries. It begins by quoting Mark Sandler saying libraries need to support new media to remain relevant. It then defines digital libraries and discusses their advantages like unlimited storage and disadvantages like lack of screening. It provides examples of digital collections for public, academic and children's libraries. It discusses weeding digital collections and ways to redefine collection development for the digital age.
This Talk was given by Dr. Sangeeta Dhamdhere, Librarian, PES Modern College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Ganeshkhind, Pune at the State Level Webinar Conducted by the VSPM Academy of Higher Education's Arvindbabu Deshmukh College, Nagpur and Cluster of Thirteen Institutions (CoTI) on 22nd April 2022.
A presentation on how to manage special libraries.
Includes:
- Aspects in special library management
- Problems, challenges and opportunities involved in managing a special library
Course: LIBSCI 36 - Special/Public Librarianship
Teacher: Elizabeth Banlat
The document discusses collection development for print materials in libraries, outlining selection policies, tools, and principles for print collections. It also examines some of the key processes involved in collection development like acquisition, processing, maintenance, and evaluation. Some common challenges of developing print collections are discussed, such as financial and space constraints, lack of staff expertise, and difficulties selecting and procuring appropriate materials.
The document provides an overview of the acquisitions process in libraries. It discusses the key functions of acquisitions including selecting, ordering, receiving, and paying for materials. It describes the necessary skills which include knowledge of publishing and cataloging. The document outlines the acquisitions workflow from request processing to order placement and receipt. It also discusses cooperative collection development between libraries.
1. This document provides an overview of the library media center and its goals of teaching students about the arrangement of books and parts of books.
2. It describes the different sections of the library including easy books, fiction, non-fiction, biographies, and reference. Each section contains different types of books.
3. Key parts of books are also explained, such as the title, spine, cover, author, and illustrator. The roles of the author and illustrator are defined.
Dr. S. R. Ranganathan : a biographical presentationV Somasundram
Biographical presentation of Dr. S.R. Ranganathan for H6715, Perspectives on Information Science.
Presented by Julinah Sabria and V Somasundram 3 April 2012
Five laws of Library Science by S R RanganathanMunesh Kumar
The document outlines the Five Laws of Library Science according to S.R. Ranganathan. The first law states that books are for use. The second law says that every book has a reader. The third law is that every reader has their book. The fourth law is to save the time of the user. And the fifth law is that a library is a growing organism. The document was presented by Munesh Kumar on February 12, 2011.
This document provides suggestions for activities to celebrate School Library Month throughout April. It includes daily posts with a quote from an author, a suggested professional development link or activity for school librarians, and proposed programs or events for different grade levels. Suggestions range from hosting breakfast or lunch events in the library to creating book displays and trailers, running reading challenges and contests, and more. The goal is to promote the school library and engage students with a different activity each day during the month.
The document discusses guidelines for developing an electronic resources collection policy. It addresses challenges in acquiring electronic resources, such as access, interfaces, technical support and licensing. The purpose of the policy is to provide guidelines for selecting appropriate electronic resources and establish consistency in managing this part of the library's collection. Selection criteria address formats, access, user-friendliness, costs, vendors, technical considerations, licensing agreements and pricing. Resources may be cancelled based on low usage, duplication of content, or failure to meet user needs or budget constraints. The role of libraries is to provide access to electronic information through digital networks and adopt multimedia technologies.
This document provides guidelines for developing an e-resource collection development policy. It defines e-resources and discusses different types. Key components of an e-resource selection criteria are described, including subject and content, functionality, vendors support, technical feasibility, license considerations, and review processes. The document stresses that e-resources require separate policies to address issues of access, interfaces, support and licensing that are different than print materials.
The document discusses the INDEST-AICTE library consortium in India. It provides background on the formation of the consortium and defines its objectives as providing electronic resources to members at discounted rates. The consortium has three types of members - core members funded by MHRD, AICTE-supported members, and self-supported members. It subscribes to over 12,000 electronic journals and its website allows members to search resources. The consortium plays a significant role in providing E-resources for engineering, science and technology fields in India.
Session 1 Duties and Responsibilities of a school librarian.pptxCelesteBawag2
The document outlines the duties and responsibilities of school librarians, which include managing the school library collection, providing instruction and assistance to students and teachers, promoting library programs, and collaborating with other stakeholders. Specifically, some of the main responsibilities are administering circulation, cataloging materials, preparing lessons integrating library resources, conducting orientations, and participating in resource sharing networks to expand access to information for the school community. The school librarian plays an essential role in supporting student learning.
National Librarian's Day is celebrated in India on August 12th in honor of Dr. S.R. Ranganathan, who is considered the father of library science in India. He developed the Five Laws of Library Science and made pioneering contributions to the field. Ranganathan had a background in mathematics but took a position as the first librarian at the University of Madras in 1924, which shifted his career to librarianship. He is renowned for his written works on library classification and for spearheading the development of libraries in India.
The Maharashtra Public Library Act of 1967 provides the legislative framework for establishing and maintaining public libraries in the state of Maharashtra, India. Key aspects of the Act include establishing a State Library Council to oversee public libraries, creating a Department of Libraries headed by a Director to administer the Act, and constituting District Library Committees to advise on library development in each district. The Act also establishes a Maharashtra State Library Service to staff public libraries and a Library Fund to provide grants to public libraries and library associations.
Library cooperation refers to the sharing of resources between two or more libraries. It allows for a more comprehensive collection, avoids duplication, and reduces costs. Areas of cooperation include inter-library loans, cooperative acquisitions, cataloging, and more. Barriers to cooperation include inadequate funding, outdated technology, lack of standards, and reluctance to participate. However, the future of library cooperation involves sharing expertise and people to take advantage of current opportunities for sharing resources.
This document discusses the role of online journals and library consortiums in research, with a focus on the N-LIST program run by INFLIBNET in India. It defines electronic publications and categories like e-journals, aggregators, and consortiums. It describes how INFLIBNET and its N-LIST program provide access to online resources for colleges through a library consortium. The document concludes that electronic publications are beneficial but still need adoption, and librarians play an important role in encouraging access and managing issues with new technologies.
The document discusses libraries and their importance from various perspectives. It provides over a dozen quotes from authors, journalists, and others emphasizing different roles libraries play such as being places of imagination, culture, education, and community. The quotes portray libraries as storyhouses, delivery rooms for ideas, and tent poles supporting communities. Melvil Dewey is quoted noting libraries should provide information, inspiration and recreation through any means, including new technologies.
International federation of library associations and institutionsZainuddin Ibrahim
IFLA is a leading international body that represents libraries and promotes cooperation between information services worldwide. It aims to provide librarians with forums for sharing ideas and furthering library activities through international programs and standards. Some of IFLA's core programs include Universal Bibliographic Control, which develops international bibliographic standards, and Action for Development through Libraries, which supports libraries in developing countries.
Library automation refers to the application of computers and related technologies to perform traditional library operations such as acquisition, cataloguing, circulation, serials control and reference services. The key objectives of library automation are to improve control over collections, provide effective access to resources and share resources among libraries. Some advantages include increased efficiency of operations, improved access to information and ability to share resources. Challenges include initial costs, need for training staff and keeping systems up to date with new technologies. Current trends in library automation include web-based library management systems, mobile technologies and cloud computing.
This document discusses evaluating dictionaries and choosing the right dictionary. It defines what a dictionary is and describes the different types, including paper dictionaries, online dictionaries, and electronic dictionaries. It discusses why dictionaries are important and factors to consider when choosing a dictionary, such as clarity, focus, and special lists of entries. It provides recommendations for some of the best paper, online, and electronic dictionaries. It also lists some new words that were added to dictionaries in 2021 from areas like online communication, the COVID-19 pandemic, and new ways of working.
The Indian Library Association (ILA) was founded in 1933 in Calcutta to represent the entire library profession in India. Its main objectives are to promote high standards of librarianship, library legislation, education and training, as well as improve library services. The ILA organizes an annual All India Library Conference and publishes the ILA Journal, newsletter, and conference proceedings. It is governed by a constitution and council that is elected every two years, and works to advance libraries through conferences, publications, and participation in official bodies.
S.R. Ranganathan was an Indian mathematician and librarian who is known for establishing the five laws of library science. The five laws are: 1) books are for use, 2) every reader his or her book, 3) every book its reader, 4) save the time of the user, and 5) the library is a growing organism. These laws aim to make libraries accessible to all users and ensure their collections evolve to meet the needs of readers.
Features of the Dewey Decimal Classification. 16. Decimal ... The UDC is peculiar in the sense that it consists of a combination of both enumerative and analytical scheme.
The document discusses the benefits and usage of e-books versus printed books. E-books allow quick access to a wide selection of books from any device and are good for traveling. However, printed books are preferred for socially reading with others. While e-book sales are higher than printed books according to surveys, e-books are unlikely to completely replace printed books as many readers enjoy both formats.
1. This document provides an overview of the library media center and its goals of teaching students about the arrangement of books and parts of books.
2. It describes the different sections of the library including easy books, fiction, non-fiction, biographies, and reference. Each section contains different types of books.
3. Key parts of books are also explained, such as the title, spine, cover, author, and illustrator. The roles of the author and illustrator are defined.
Dr. S. R. Ranganathan : a biographical presentationV Somasundram
Biographical presentation of Dr. S.R. Ranganathan for H6715, Perspectives on Information Science.
Presented by Julinah Sabria and V Somasundram 3 April 2012
Five laws of Library Science by S R RanganathanMunesh Kumar
The document outlines the Five Laws of Library Science according to S.R. Ranganathan. The first law states that books are for use. The second law says that every book has a reader. The third law is that every reader has their book. The fourth law is to save the time of the user. And the fifth law is that a library is a growing organism. The document was presented by Munesh Kumar on February 12, 2011.
This document provides suggestions for activities to celebrate School Library Month throughout April. It includes daily posts with a quote from an author, a suggested professional development link or activity for school librarians, and proposed programs or events for different grade levels. Suggestions range from hosting breakfast or lunch events in the library to creating book displays and trailers, running reading challenges and contests, and more. The goal is to promote the school library and engage students with a different activity each day during the month.
The document discusses guidelines for developing an electronic resources collection policy. It addresses challenges in acquiring electronic resources, such as access, interfaces, technical support and licensing. The purpose of the policy is to provide guidelines for selecting appropriate electronic resources and establish consistency in managing this part of the library's collection. Selection criteria address formats, access, user-friendliness, costs, vendors, technical considerations, licensing agreements and pricing. Resources may be cancelled based on low usage, duplication of content, or failure to meet user needs or budget constraints. The role of libraries is to provide access to electronic information through digital networks and adopt multimedia technologies.
This document provides guidelines for developing an e-resource collection development policy. It defines e-resources and discusses different types. Key components of an e-resource selection criteria are described, including subject and content, functionality, vendors support, technical feasibility, license considerations, and review processes. The document stresses that e-resources require separate policies to address issues of access, interfaces, support and licensing that are different than print materials.
The document discusses the INDEST-AICTE library consortium in India. It provides background on the formation of the consortium and defines its objectives as providing electronic resources to members at discounted rates. The consortium has three types of members - core members funded by MHRD, AICTE-supported members, and self-supported members. It subscribes to over 12,000 electronic journals and its website allows members to search resources. The consortium plays a significant role in providing E-resources for engineering, science and technology fields in India.
Session 1 Duties and Responsibilities of a school librarian.pptxCelesteBawag2
The document outlines the duties and responsibilities of school librarians, which include managing the school library collection, providing instruction and assistance to students and teachers, promoting library programs, and collaborating with other stakeholders. Specifically, some of the main responsibilities are administering circulation, cataloging materials, preparing lessons integrating library resources, conducting orientations, and participating in resource sharing networks to expand access to information for the school community. The school librarian plays an essential role in supporting student learning.
National Librarian's Day is celebrated in India on August 12th in honor of Dr. S.R. Ranganathan, who is considered the father of library science in India. He developed the Five Laws of Library Science and made pioneering contributions to the field. Ranganathan had a background in mathematics but took a position as the first librarian at the University of Madras in 1924, which shifted his career to librarianship. He is renowned for his written works on library classification and for spearheading the development of libraries in India.
The Maharashtra Public Library Act of 1967 provides the legislative framework for establishing and maintaining public libraries in the state of Maharashtra, India. Key aspects of the Act include establishing a State Library Council to oversee public libraries, creating a Department of Libraries headed by a Director to administer the Act, and constituting District Library Committees to advise on library development in each district. The Act also establishes a Maharashtra State Library Service to staff public libraries and a Library Fund to provide grants to public libraries and library associations.
Library cooperation refers to the sharing of resources between two or more libraries. It allows for a more comprehensive collection, avoids duplication, and reduces costs. Areas of cooperation include inter-library loans, cooperative acquisitions, cataloging, and more. Barriers to cooperation include inadequate funding, outdated technology, lack of standards, and reluctance to participate. However, the future of library cooperation involves sharing expertise and people to take advantage of current opportunities for sharing resources.
This document discusses the role of online journals and library consortiums in research, with a focus on the N-LIST program run by INFLIBNET in India. It defines electronic publications and categories like e-journals, aggregators, and consortiums. It describes how INFLIBNET and its N-LIST program provide access to online resources for colleges through a library consortium. The document concludes that electronic publications are beneficial but still need adoption, and librarians play an important role in encouraging access and managing issues with new technologies.
The document discusses libraries and their importance from various perspectives. It provides over a dozen quotes from authors, journalists, and others emphasizing different roles libraries play such as being places of imagination, culture, education, and community. The quotes portray libraries as storyhouses, delivery rooms for ideas, and tent poles supporting communities. Melvil Dewey is quoted noting libraries should provide information, inspiration and recreation through any means, including new technologies.
International federation of library associations and institutionsZainuddin Ibrahim
IFLA is a leading international body that represents libraries and promotes cooperation between information services worldwide. It aims to provide librarians with forums for sharing ideas and furthering library activities through international programs and standards. Some of IFLA's core programs include Universal Bibliographic Control, which develops international bibliographic standards, and Action for Development through Libraries, which supports libraries in developing countries.
Library automation refers to the application of computers and related technologies to perform traditional library operations such as acquisition, cataloguing, circulation, serials control and reference services. The key objectives of library automation are to improve control over collections, provide effective access to resources and share resources among libraries. Some advantages include increased efficiency of operations, improved access to information and ability to share resources. Challenges include initial costs, need for training staff and keeping systems up to date with new technologies. Current trends in library automation include web-based library management systems, mobile technologies and cloud computing.
This document discusses evaluating dictionaries and choosing the right dictionary. It defines what a dictionary is and describes the different types, including paper dictionaries, online dictionaries, and electronic dictionaries. It discusses why dictionaries are important and factors to consider when choosing a dictionary, such as clarity, focus, and special lists of entries. It provides recommendations for some of the best paper, online, and electronic dictionaries. It also lists some new words that were added to dictionaries in 2021 from areas like online communication, the COVID-19 pandemic, and new ways of working.
The Indian Library Association (ILA) was founded in 1933 in Calcutta to represent the entire library profession in India. Its main objectives are to promote high standards of librarianship, library legislation, education and training, as well as improve library services. The ILA organizes an annual All India Library Conference and publishes the ILA Journal, newsletter, and conference proceedings. It is governed by a constitution and council that is elected every two years, and works to advance libraries through conferences, publications, and participation in official bodies.
S.R. Ranganathan was an Indian mathematician and librarian who is known for establishing the five laws of library science. The five laws are: 1) books are for use, 2) every reader his or her book, 3) every book its reader, 4) save the time of the user, and 5) the library is a growing organism. These laws aim to make libraries accessible to all users and ensure their collections evolve to meet the needs of readers.
Features of the Dewey Decimal Classification. 16. Decimal ... The UDC is peculiar in the sense that it consists of a combination of both enumerative and analytical scheme.
The document discusses the benefits and usage of e-books versus printed books. E-books allow quick access to a wide selection of books from any device and are good for traveling. However, printed books are preferred for socially reading with others. While e-book sales are higher than printed books according to surveys, e-books are unlikely to completely replace printed books as many readers enjoy both formats.
An essential Info-graphic about E-Books and E-Book readers, advantages and disadvantages of e-books vs print books, increase in use of e-readers worldwide, & impact on printed books.
This document discusses whether e-books will replace printed books. It notes that e-book sales surpassed print books for the first time in 2011. While e-book readership is rising among both children and adults, many people still prefer printed books due to the tangible experience of holding a physical book. However, e-book sales will likely continue growing as the technology improves, but printed books will continue to have demand due to the different experience they offer compared to digital formats.
Borrow vs. Click: comparing the usage of print and e-book equivalents of Cour...Maria Savova
What factors influence the format preferences between e-books and their print equivalents within an academic library context? This session examines and analyzes findings from a two semester study in Claremont Colleges Library, comparing the usage of print and electronic equivalents of the same Course Adopted Book title.
The document summarizes a study comparing e-book collections from four aggregators to print book purchases from five university libraries between 2006-2007. It finds that only about 30% of print books purchased by the libraries are available across the four aggregator collections. The availability varies by publisher, subject area, and between libraries. The document concludes that e-book collections can currently only supplement, not replace, print book collections due to the lack of availability and usability limitations of e-book platforms.
Volleyball was invented in 1895 by William Morgan and the first match was played the following year. It was originally played with more players but over time the number of players was reduced to six per team. While basketball was originally used, a lighter, softer ball was developed for volleyball that is still used today. Team unity and cooperation are essential for achieving victory in volleyball.
This project is made from the efforts of Luchi Ybiernas, Adrielle Paras, Trisha Sarmiento, and Kae Calderon. This is to complete the requirements in BUSIOP1 (Business Opportunities 1) in De La Salle University. The powerpoint was designed and arranged by Luchi Ybiernas. The facts included in the powerpoint were collected from research of the rest of the members.
This document discusses how sales has changed in the modern, digital era known as "Sales 2.0". With information readily available online, buyers no longer rely solely on salespeople for information. The author argues that salespeople must embrace new technologies and communication channels to stay relevant. They must understand buyers and sell solutions, not just products. The document outlines a framework called "Complex Sale 2.0" for using emerging technologies and a consultative sales process to understand buyers and influence key decision makers.
The document discusses several techniques for improving memory:
1) Chunking involves grouping items into small, memorable chunks to make them easier to recall.
2) Rhyming uses natural tendencies to remember rhymes and rhythms to aid memorization.
3) Mediation connects items using a "bridge" of additional information.
4) Bed-time recital involves reviewing items to be remembered just before sleeping to allow the mind to organize the information overnight.
Here are the key points about the female reproductive system:
- Ovaries are the site of ovum (egg) production
- Ovaries are also the site of estrogen and progesterone hormone production
- Fallopian tubes connect the ovaries to the uterus and allow the ovum to move towards the uterus
- The uterus provides a nourishing environment for embryo development if fertilization occurs
- The cervix connects the uterus to the vagina
- The vagina is the site of intercourse and menstrual flow exits through it
- The ovum consists of 23 haploid chromosomes (22 autosomes + X chromosome)
- Estrogen brings about changes seen in girls during puberty like breast development
-
The document discusses ink drying in sheet-fed printing. It describes the physical and chemical parts of the drying process, including absorption of ink and oxidation of binders over several hours. It notes that siccatives and spray powder can accelerate drying by improving oxygen exposure and holding sheets apart. Problems like inadequate drying, silk screening issues, and cracking can occur if drying is not sufficient or heavier paper grades are used.
European Paper Industry‘s Views on the Waste Targets ReviewEuropeanPaper
This document outlines the European Paper Industry's views on proposed targets for waste management and recycling. It discusses current paper recycling rates across Europe, proposes specific recycling targets for paper packaging of 80% by 2020, and advocates measuring recycling based on input to the paper industry rather than a percentage alone. The paper industry believes complementary measures are needed like separate collection of paper, landfill bans, and restrictions on incineration. It also addresses definitions, extended producer responsibility, and the need to consider renewability in the circular economy. In conclusion, the paper industry welcomes recycling goals but says enabling measures must also be implemented.
1. The document summarizes a presentation given by Dr. Hirokazu Shimizu on eco-conscious design for printed products.
2. It discusses quantitatively assessing printed products to be more eco-friendly, using a case study of a thinner plastic document file. The thinner file reduces CO2 emissions by 14.6%.
3. It also addresses reforming product category rules for printing to make calculations more accurate and widespread for small businesses. Simplifying assumptions could overestimate some environmental impacts.
The document discusses simplifying PCR calculations for printed products. It proposes a new PCR that calculates carbon emissions from only 10 items, compared to current PCRs that consider many more items. Case studies show the new PCR estimates carbon emissions as 1.7-18.5% lower than current PCRs. Current PCRs also have variability, with carbon estimates ranging from -21.5% to +7.1% depending on emission factors, and +23.4% to -19.0% depending on calculation method used. Therefore, both new and current PCRs provide a range rather than absolute carbon calculations.
ISO130 WG11_New approaches for quantification scheme of carbon footprint of p...Shimizu Printing Inc.
This document summarizes a presentation given by Dr. SHIMIZU on new approaches for quantifying the carbon footprint of paper books and e-books. It outlines the system boundaries considered for paper books and e-books, additional factors included for paper books like recycling impacts and bookstore/shopping emissions, and new ideas for quantifying e-book impacts based on usage assumptions. It then compares the estimated carbon footprint per copy between paper books and e-books using different reading devices like the iPad and iPhone.
New approaches for quantification scheme of carbon footprint of paper book an...Shimizu Printing Inc.
New approaches for quantifying the carbon footprint of paper books and e-books are presented. For paper books, additional factors considered include the carbon savings from paper and plate recycling, as well as the footprint of bookstore operations and shopping transportation. For e-books, assumptions are made about daily usage times for devices like the iPad and iPhone to estimate reading footprint. Various usage scenarios are modeled to compare the footprint of paper books and e-books.
The document discusses carbon footprinting and life cycle assessment (LCA) for the printing industry. It introduces the speaker, Hirokazu Shimizu, and his research on developing a carbon calculator called PGG-CLOUD to calculate the carbon footprint of printing processes. International standards for carbon footprinting are being developed through ISO, with many countries actively involved. The document compares the system boundaries and stages included in carbon footprinting according to general, ISO, French, German and Japanese methods. It provides a sample carbon footprint calculation in kg CO2e for printing 5000 copies of a book in different countries.
Dr. Shimizu Hirokazu of Shimizu Printing Inc. discusses their focus on utilizing advanced UV printing technology and environmental impact assessment methods. Their UV 10-color + coating unit allows for limitless printing possibilities on paper and plastic. Their waterless UV printing produces high definition prints with less ink usage and no volatile organic compounds, solvents, or water additives. They utilize the Printing Goes Green carbon calculator to analyze environmental impacts and identify opportunities to improve eco-efficiency.
Early Replacement of Notebooks Considering Environmental ImpactsOeko-Institut
This document summarizes a study on the early replacement of notebooks considering environmental impacts. The study found that the production phase of notebooks contributes most to their greenhouse gas emissions. Even with large efficiency gains in the use phase of new notebooks, the environmental impacts of production cannot be offset within a realistic lifespan. The conclusions recommend designing notebooks for longer lifetimes through upgradability, modularity, recyclability, and availability of spare parts to reduce the environmental impacts of frequent replacement.
This document discusses recycled and certified papers and provides information about Antalis, a leading European distributor of papers and packaging products. It covers the following key points in 3 sentences:
Antalis operates in print, office, packaging, and visual communication providing various paper products to over 230,000 customers worldwide. The document discusses recycled paper and the de-inking process used to create recycled fibers from waste paper. It promotes the environmental benefits of using recycled paper which requires less energy and resources to produce compared to virgin fiber paper.
"From SALAMI to Social Machines: Music Information Retrieval as an Exemplar of Digital Research, or Fourth Quadrant Research". Keynote by David De Roure at Semantic Media Launch, Barbican, 3 October 2012
Hzgd16 22 oct 2012 - steven zhang - quantifying environmental impacts - pro...HangzhouGreenDrinks
Steven Zhang, an American Fulbright Scholar doing research in China at Zhejiang University, kindly gave a us a presentation about quantifying the environmental impacts of modern, manufactured consumer products by analysing their entire life cycles.
Date: 22 Oct 2012
Venue: Vineyard Cafe (YuGu Road - 50m north of the XiXi Road intersection - Hangzhou City, China)
Hangzhou Green Drinks
Patricia Calkins, VP Environment, Health & Safety, Xerox Corporation. Presentation at the Xerox Thought Leadership Summit: A Business Case for Sustainability. August 10, 2010. Willard Hotel, Washington DC.
The presentation delas with a comparison between plastic bags and plastic bags. I have taken into consideration the economic as well as environmental effects of the use of both. The tool used was life cycle assessment through softwares like CES and EIO-LCA.
The document evaluates hard materials using eco-attributes to determine their environmental impact. It develops a computing system to evaluate materials based on their ranges of eco-attributes like CO2 footprint, water usage, NOx emissions, and SOx emissions. The system then calculates a range compliance value to determine if a material is good or not good for the environment. It provides examples evaluating the eco-attributes of materials like alumina, zirconia, silicon carbide, and boron nitride to demonstrate the system.
Romance Studies: Presentation at Midwinter ALApublisher2b
A presentation on Pennsylvania State University's Open Access/print monograph series, Romance Studies. Examines the financial realities as modeled in an "average" publication based on past volumes.
Similar to Comparison of E-book vs Paper-book 20120930 (14)
We proudly introduce “KIMAYU moist & smoothing all-in-one gel” by explaining 3-key edge as skin care product.
1st edge: silk protein (sericin=outer coat of silk fiber), which is extracted from precious “golden cocoon” in Thailand, is used as one of main ingredients (popular and common ingredients for gel, such as hydrolyzed elastin, hydrolyzed collagen, sodium hyaluronic are certainly supplemented) and can penetrate deep into the skin to moisturize for sustained period of time because amino acids in silk protein have the same character as Natural Moisturizing Factor (NMF) in the skin. The reason why we selected “golden cocoon” is that it has one of carotenoids named “lutein” protecting the skin from oxidization and UV light damage that lead to aging issue. Unfortunately, normal white cocoon does not contain lutein.
2nd edge: natural ingredient percentage is raised up to 98.7% by replacing petroleum-based ingredients to natural-based ones. Additionally, paraben/alcohol/ synthetic surfactant/dye addition/mineral oil/aroma chemical are strictly banned by our product policy. Some of our customers who have sensitive skin problem (used to be troubled with allergies or atopic dermatitis) also tried KIMAYU, but had no skin trouble like itch or inflammation.
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Comparison of E-book vs Paper-book 20120930
1. Comparison
of
Paper-‐book
and
E-‐book
by
the
scale
of
carbon
footprint
Dr. SHIMIZU, Hirokazu
President, SHIMIZU PRINTING INC.
Visiting Senior Researcher, Waseda University Environmental Research Institute
Expert, ISO130 (Graphic technology) WG11 (Environmental impact on printed matters)
1
2. Waseda University Environmental Research Institute
Today’s presentation
1.Motivation
of
the
study
2.System
boundary
of
the
study
3.Carbon
calculation
of
Paper-‐book
(P-‐book)
4.Carbon
calculation
of
E-‐book
5.Sensitivity
analysis
6.Conclusion
and
discussion
7.Expected
role
for
ISO130
WG11
2
3. Waseda University Environmental Research Institute
1.Motivation of the study
3-‐reason
to
start
discussion
about
E-‐book
1.
To
find
real
environmental
impact
•Review
suspicious
look
at
commonly-‐accepted
idea
that
E-‐book
has
less
load
compared
to
P-‐book
2.To
defend
ourselves
from
one-‐sided
claim
•E-‐organization
prepares
E-‐book
quantification
method
which
might
have
negative
influence
on
our
industry
3.To
show
presence
of
printing
industry
•Many
LCA
experts
in
E-‐industry
are
skilled
at
calculating
environmental
impact,
so
we
should
counteract
3
4. Waseda University Environmental Research Institute
2.System boundary of the study
Workflow
of
E-‐book
and
P-‐book
Raw material Disposal &
Production Distribution Use
acquisition Recycle
P-book
Deliver to Incineration
Raw material Data Book
Printing warehouse and NA (22%) and
Acquisition creation binding
stores recycle (78%)
Raw material Data Data management Server
Acquisition creation (E-book preparation) operation Elec. use
E-book
for down- E-book device is
loading partly recycled
and and wasted
reading
Material input, production and distribution for E-book
4
5. Waseda University Environmental Research Institute
3.Carbon calculation of P-book
127.0mm
14.0mm Specification
of
P-‐book
1.Size:
B5
(127.0mm*188.0mm*14.0mm)
2.Pages:
4P+224P
3. Copy:
5000
copies,
3000
sold
in
188.0mm
6-‐month
and
the
rest
returned
to
publisher’s
warehouse
4. Substrate:
Coated
paper
for
jacket,
Coated
cardboard
for
cover,
Fine
paper
for
text
5. Books
at
home
are
incinerated
(22%)
and
recycled
(78%)
at
the
end
5
6. Waseda University Environmental Research Institute
3.Carbon calculation of P-book (cont’d)
CO2e
from
“Raw
material
acquisition”
Substrate: 1691.181kg-CO2e
Ink: 63.396kg-CO2e Dampening: 3.597kg-CO2e
Plate: 101.577kg-CO2e
Glue: 10.697kg-CO2e
Polypropylene: 18.741kg-CO2e
6
7. Waseda University Environmental Research Institute
3.Carbon calculation of P-book (cont’d)
CO2e
from
“Data
creation”
Scenario created by TASHIRO, Masashi
Meeting: 3.928kg-CO2e
Writing: 53.456kg-CO2e
Transportation: 6.556kg-CO2e
Image editing: 2.419kg-CO2e Designing: 14.514kg-CO2e
Proofreading: 9.392kg-CO2e
7
8. Waseda University Environmental Research Institute
3.Carbon calculation of P-book (cont’d)
CO2e
from
“printing
&
book-‐binding”
Press(jacket): 48.313kg-CO2e CtP: 9.728kg-CO2e
Press(cover): 45.439kg-CO2e
Press(text): 242.343kg-CO2e
Folding: 59.291kg-CO2e
Guillotine: 18.865-CO2e
Perfect-binding: 111.166kg-CO2e
PP lamination: 16.214kg-CO2e
8
9. 3.Carbon calculation of P-book (cont’d)
Waseda University Environmental Research Institute
CO2e
from
“Distribution”
Delivery: 243.599kg-CO2e Wrapping paper: 5.814kg-CO2e
Logistics of P-books (from printing factory to book stores)
Tokyo(50stores) Saitama(10stores) Chiba(10stores)
Agent-A
Sendai(10stores)
km
36.3 Utsunomiya(10stores) Fukushima(10stores)
Agent-B Tokyo(30stores) Saitama(15stores) Chiba(15stores)
2km
26.
67.3km m
Agent-C Nagoya(20stores) Osaka(15stores) Hakata(15stores)
.5k
21
Printing Publisher’s 18
.8
Factory Warehouse km
Agent-D Tokyo(15stores) Osaka(10stores)
24
.0k
m 7.4km
Agent-E Tokyo(5stores) Nagoya(5stores)
3
20-book are delivered to each
Agent-F ALL(1wholesale)
store, 100-book for a wholesale
9
10. 3.Carbon calculation of P-book (cont’d)
Waseda University Environmental Research Institute
CO2e
from
“Disposal
&
Recycle”
Transportation (garbage): 18.354kg-CO2e Incineration: 7.079kg-CO2e
Transportation (paper recycle): 29.248kg-CO2e
Transportation (Al recycle): 0.880kg-CO2e
Transportation (paper recycle): 61.179kg-CO2e
Breakdown of 5000-book (sold/returned, incinerated/recycled)
660-book incinerated
3000-book sold 13.2%(22%), 158.346kg
5000-book 60%, 719.755kg 2340-book recycled
100%, 1199.592kg 46.8%(78%), 561.409kg
2000-book returned 2000-book recycled
40%, 479.837kg 40%, 479.837kg
10
11. Waseda University Environmental Research Institute
3.Carbon calculation of P-book (cont’d)
CO2e
summary
(2896.964kg-‐CO2e,
579g-‐CO2e/copy)
Material Data creation Printing/binding
Distribution Disp&Rec
P-book (5000) 65.2% 19.0%
3.1% 8.6% 4.0%
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
kg-CO2e
11
12. Waseda University Environmental Research Institute
4.Carbon calculation of E-book
Specification
of
E-‐book
1.Size:
Device
dependable
2.Data
size:
1MB
3. Copy:
3000
downloads
in
6-‐month
4. Substrate:
Digital
5. CO2e
from
Raw
material
acquisition
to
Disposal/Recycle
is
considered
by
the
case
of
i-‐Pad
use
12
13. Waseda University Environmental Research Institute
4. Carbon calculation of E-book (cont’d)
CO2e
from
“Data
creation”
1.
“Data
creation”
process
is
the
same
as
P-‐book
2.
90.264kg-‐CO2e
÷
3000
DLs
=
0.030kg-‐CO2e/copy
CO2e
from
“Data
management”
1.
Data
preparation
for
e-‐book
2.
(0.110kW+0.320kw+0.500kW)×2h×0.479kg-‐CO2e/
kWh
÷
3000
DLs
=
0.000297kg-‐CO2e/copy
13
14. Waseda University Environmental Research Institute
4. Carbon calculation of E-book (cont’d)
CO2e
from
“Server
operation”
1. “ICT
hosting
service”
by
Nihon
Unisys
which
is
registered
as
CFP
service
is
utilized
2. Server
:
Intel
Xeon
2GHz
Single
Core+Memory
1GB
3. Storage:
50GB
4. 3420kg-‐CO2e/yr.
÷
(6-‐month/12-‐month)
×
(1,048,576/53,687,091,200)
÷
3000DLs
=
0.0000111kg-‐CO2e/copy
1MB=1,048,576 bytes
1GB=1,073,741,824 bytes
14
15. Waseda University Environmental Research Institute
4. Carbon calculation of E-book (cont’d)
CO2e
from
“E-‐book
device”
1. “iPad2
(WiFi
&
4GB
model)”
is
utilized
2. 180kg-‐CO2e
÷
3-‐year
÷
730h/yr.×
3-‐hour
(to
finish
reading)=
0.247kg-‐CO2e/copy
Item CO2e (kg-CO2e)
Manufacturing 120.6 Recycle Manufacutring
2%
Transportation 67%
Use 45.0 6%
Transportation 10.8 Use
25%
Recycle 3.6
Reference: iPad Environmental Report, Apple
15
16. Waseda University Environmental Research Institute
4.Carbon calculation of E-book (cont’d)
CO2e
summary
(277g-‐CO2e/copy)
Data creation Data management
Server operation E-book device
E-book (3000) 94.3%
5.7%
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3
kg-CO2e/copy
16
17. Waseda University Environmental Research Institute
5.Sensitivity analysis
CO2e
summary
comparison
P-book (579g-CO2e/copy) vs E-book (277g-CO2e/copy)
Data creation Material/Device
Book production/Server Others
P-book (5000)
-52.2%
E-book (3000)
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6
kg-CO2e/copy
17
18. Waseda University Environmental Research Institute
5.Sensitivity analysis (cont’d)
Different
scenarios
for
iPad
user
behavior
iPad usage h./day 2.00h 1.00h 0.75h 0.50h
CO2e for iPad/yr. 60.0kg-CO2e 52.5kg-CO2e 50.6kg-CO2e 48.8kg-CO2e
iPad usage h./yr. 730.00h 365.00h 273.75h 182.50h
CO2e for iPad/h. 0.082kg-CO2e 0.144kg-CO2e 0.185kg-CO2e 0.267kg-CO2e
reading h. for reading 3 ho
our
CO2e from iPad 0.247kg-CO2e 0.432kg-CO2e 0.555kg-CO2e 0.802kg-CO2e
CO2e from others 0.030kg-CO2e 0.030kg-CO2e 0.030kg-CO2e 0.030kg-CO2e
CO2e of E-book 277g-CO2e 462g-CO2e 585g-CO2e 832g-CO2e
% to basic scenario 100% 166.8% 211.2% 300.4%
18
19. Waseda University Environmental Research Institute
5.Sensitivity analysis (cont’d)
Different
scenarios
for
iPad
user
behavior
E-book (g-CO2e) P-Book(g-CO2e)
900
832g-CO2e
750
600
585g-CO2e
579g-CO2e
450
462g-CO2e
300
277g-CO2e
150
0
iPad 2h/day iPad 1h/day iPad 0.75h/day iPad 0.5h/day
19
20. Waseda University Environmental Research Institute
6. Conclusions and Discussions
Conclusions
1.E-‐book
is
not
superior
compared
to
P-‐book
all
the
time
by
the
scale
of
CO2e
2.Key
element
is
the
calculation
of
the
load
from
E-‐book
device
Discussions
1.How
to
average
usage
hours
of
E-‐book
device?
2.How
to
average
reading
speed
of
E-‐book?
20
21. Waseda University Environmental Research Institute
7. Expected role for ISO130 WG11
What
we
have
to
think
and
do
1. We
should
try
to
collect
information
periodically
from
IEC
(TA13?
is
tasked
to
set
E-‐book
related
standard)
and
find
a
way
to
work
together
if
possible;
it
will
be
Nakamura’s
task
since
TA13
is
controlled
by
Japanese
manufacturers.
2.We
might
propose
calculation
scheme
for
E-‐book;
it
means
that
we
suggest
calculation
framework,
such
as
scenario
setting
about
“How
to
compare
two
of
those?”,
not
detailed
assessment
methods
for
electronic
devices.
3.We
can
work
on
case-‐study
for
different
printed
products
in
the
near
future
to
compare
Paper-‐products
to
E-‐products
and
publicize
in
appendix
of
16759
or
special
edition
of
the
report
at
the
very
least.
21
22. Waseda University Environmental Research Institute
Thank you for your attention.
You can have a look at this presentation file:
http://www.slideshare.net/ShimizuHiro/edit_my_uploads
SHIMIZU PRINTING web site:
http://www.shzpp.co.jp
22