Community based tourism. A community based tourism project to understand the term and its benefits .Community-based tourism case studies in various regions & lessons from them

1. STUDENT
SEMINAR
PREPARED BY
Avantika Badgujar
TYBVOC TTM
19BTT006 |04
JAI HIND
COLLEGE(
AUTONOM
OUS),
MUMBAI
.

2. Local individuals might be empowered to
construct and implement the CBT program if
they live in a rural area with a tourism value.
This enables them to own and operate the
complete amenities, infrastructure, and
facility management as a community.
Community-based tourism is much more
than just visiting a tourist destination. Why?
Along with other attractions, world heritage
sites are visited. However, this is still
considered shallow. Because community-
based tourism allows you to immerse
yourself in the lives of the inhabitants
through their conserved art forms,
handicrafts, cultural significance, and so on.
You must preserve your individuality if you
want to be robust. (Communities)The ability
of a community to directly participate in
tourist development necessitates the
attention of stakeholders and government
authorities for it to be a vital support for
community-based tourism development.
ABSTRACT
JAI HIND COLLEGE 2021
COMMUNITY -BASED TOUISM
CASE STUDIES IN VARIOUS
STUDIES &LESSONS FROM THEM
BY Avantika Badgujar

3. METHODOLOGY
JAI HIND COLLEGE 2021
During this research paper several journals, articles,
news articles, websites of the original organization &
some research papers have been used to understand
and make this research paper.
A case study is a comprehensive examination of a single
person, group, time, or event. They include a variety of
qualitative and quantitative research methods for
determining the underlying principles of an event in a
real-world setting.
Case studies make data in a specific geographic area
simple to comprehend and assess. Although we know
that CBT projects take a long time to reach the growth
stage and reap advantages, we can use it in the context
of case studies. Also, most of the time, it is controlled
by the leaders who help support the management,
planning, and implementation of Community based
Tourism. On the other hand, we can see that the
wealthy members of the group participating in the
program dominate the scene and generate the majority
of the income. CBT's ideology of benefit-sharing among
community members is harmed as a result of this.

4. INTRODUCTION
Present and celebrate local
traditions and lifestyles
Protecting natural and
cultural resources, CBT
empowers local communities
to determine and ensure their
socio-economic destiny.
Encourage fair and mutually
productive interactions
between hosts and guests.
Small enterprises that provide
goods and services to a visiting
tourist customer dominate the
tourism economic sector on a
global scale. Community-based
tourism (CBT) is a type of
tourism that aims to enable
communities to manage tourism
growth and meet community
ambitions for economic, social,
and environmental
sustainability. As a result, CBT
entails not only a collaboration
between tourism businesses and
the community to benefit both
but also community (and
external) support for small
tourism firms, which commit to
supporting community
programs that increase collective
well-being.
Through fee-for-service
activities that typically:
Concept & Defination
Observing CBT examples reveals that it caters
to a certain niche of locally manufactured
goods and services.
Community-Based Tourism (CBT) is tourism
activity, community-owned and operated, and
managed or coordinated at the community
level that contributes to the well-being of
communities through supporting sustainable
livelihoods and protecting valued socio-
cultural traditions and natural and cultural
heritage resources (ASEAN- Community-based
Tourism Standard)
CBT is known to help underprivileged groups
in developing countries survive socially and
economically, as well as preserve natural
resources in the impacted areas. Locals and the
host community should be considered direct
beneficiaries of the tourism sector. It is a
feasible avenue for achieving the goals of
expanding tourism's development advantages
to the host community. To do so, communities
must be permitted to participate in decision-
making when critical knowledge is required,
with early phases of empowerment allowing
communities to decide on their development.
We will strive to comprehend the scenario and
propose remedies using our knowledge of CBT
and case studies.

5. Community Based
Tourism
Preservation of traditional and cultural heritage
Participation
Human rights
Human resource and skill development
Local ownership
Community distribution of benefits
Government sectors and private sector support
Environmental Development
Preservation and protection of nature
Waste and disposal management
Spending natural resources in
community
Social Development
Income distribution
Transportation
Accommodation
SME/local business
Advertisement
Economic Development

6. LITERATURE REVIEW
In simple terms participation means to take action, to take part in something. While
community participation means the involvement of the community in solving their
problems.
Since the 1980s, tourism literature has noted that the involvement and inclusion of local
residents in local communities is a fundamental key resource in tourist sustainability
(Hardy et al., 2002). Community participation is regarded as one of the most important
tools for rural community development. By generating valuable benefits from tourism
in the local residents' area, community participation creates sustainability and better
opportunities for local residents. Tourism encourages the conservation of local
resources while also providing employment opportunities, tourism revenue, and
infrastructure improvements (Liu and Var, 1986; Mehta and Kellert, 1998; Archer et al.,
2001; Lindberg, 2001). Local participation is primarily required to develop tourism
planning and secure community economic growth (Murphy, 1985), which leads to local
economic development by influencing businesses, industries, and job opportunities in
communities (Roseland and Connelly, 2005). To encourage community participation,
the concept of sustainable development has been advocated for the improvement of
community life quality. This concept focuses on and is based on issues of social quality
and environmental responsibility. As a result, it is less likely that sustainable tourism
outcomes will be generated (Lea, 1988). Perhaps the potential and local knowledge of
local residents increases the possibility that community involvement can play a
significant role in tourism development. Essentially, the participation of the local
community is important in this industry because it ensures that tourists have a
memorable, unforgettable visit while also allowing the community to benefit from their
visits. Because of their local knowledge, residents provide useful supporting data in
decision-making processes; thus, tourism planning and development must utilize the
resident potential and encourage local involvement. The concept of CBT was first
introduced in Murphy's work (Murphy, 1985), where it is presented as directly related to
community tourism in developing countries, and it was expanded on further by Murphy
in 2004. (Murphy and Murphy, 2004). In conjunction with other existing works, the
concept advanced research and opportunities for rural tourism development. There are
other existing tourism models, such as Pro-Poor Tourism (PPT), which helps specific
remote areas reduce poverty by generating net benefits, and Community Benefit
Tourism Initiatives (CBTIs), which help distribute and transfer benefits to communities
through tourism initiatives without control of the tourism industry. Although CBT can
increase community benefits and reduce negative impacts from the use of community
resources, it requires an effective long-term plan. As a result, a tourism project should
begin by empowering rural communities to advance their potential and utilize their
land and resources for community development (Mearns, 2003). As a result, with regard
to this type of tourism, potential solutions have emerged in order to deal with the
negative impacts and problems of mass tourism in developing countries and to be
future-oriented toward development planning for community improvement.

7. Hoi An is well-known for its
ceramics, which reflect both
local and foreign cultures.
Craft villages have evolved
and dominated the natural
and cultural-oriented tourism
that exists today with the
support of community-based
tourism (CBT). CBT is
expected to be managed with
its chances and challenges in
mind, with the goal of
enrichment. Along with
community backing, locals
have received help from the
government and foreign
organizations to foster the
development of CBT.
However, starting something
new comes with its own set of
worries and apprehensions, as
well as issues and
inexperience. In this case
study, we'll take a hard look at
the situation and make
recommendations.
Since 2010, Thanh Ha village
has followed the tourism
strategy. We'll look at the
difficulties that the CBT
program's implementation
has experienced. There have
been villages in numerous
nations that have executed
the same program with
varying degrees of success.
In Vietnam, there are 950
traditional villages. They're
all looking for ways to make
money and provide jobs for
their inhabitants.
To reduce poverty in rural
regions, we must increase the
links between tourism and
traditional handicrafts.
CASE STUDIES
Thanh Ha Pottery Village
in Hoi An city, central
Quang Nam province
( M I T C H E L L , 2 0 1 2 ; S C H E Y V E N S & R U S S E L L ,
J O U R N A L , 2 0 1 2 ) ( U N I D O , 2 0 1 3 ) ( U N I T E D N A T I O N S
I N D U S T R I A L D E V E L O P M E N T O R G A N I Z A T I O N )
"Tourism opens up a world of possibilities. For
both the handicrafts and the communities,
market growth, trade marketing, and brand
identity will be required to draw a connection."

8. The handicraft villages have built infrastructures such as museums and
exhibition halls. With the same philosophy, just a few settlements
survived. The benefits that communities receive differ from one
another. If this were to be included as part of cultural tourism, it would
soar to new heights. Village development not only contributes to
economic benefits, but it also helps each other by ensuring the
preservation of cultural villages.
Tourism creates new jobs and income opportunities for the poor, as
well as preserving cultural practices such as handicrafts, which have
been eroded owing to poverty.
“Handicrafts are a vital element of the tourism experience for international
tourists,” according to the World Tourism Organization. However, the link
between tourism and handicrafts has yet to be completely investigated,
understood, or developed, resulting in a loss of important revenue and job
creation opportunities” (UNIDO, 2009).
The Thanh Ha village is also known for its pottery and terracotta items,
which are sold throughout Vietnam's central provinces. With the help
of their special way of processing the soil and a mixture of successful
trials, this place sets itself apart by the usage of raw materials that are
recognized to be considerably more durable and lighter than brands
such as Bat Trang, Phuoc Tich, and others. The items for sale are
incredibly durable and one-of-a-kind.
Clay is the most common raw material used in everyday life to make
cups, bowls, jars, vases, flowerpots, animal shapes, and other items with
a variety of styles and vibrant colors. The growth of craft-based tourism
has provided opportunities for the villages to trade in three ways:-It
accounts for at least 85 percent of total ceramic revenue.
Interior design and decoration are the focus of the domestic market.
Markets that trade with international tourists on a global scale
Europe and North America are the primary destinations for
international exports.
The artists encourage visitors to make their products and then take
them home as keepsakes.

9. Thanh Ha Pottery Village- Hoi An Private Taxi
Hoi An Handicraft Tour - Cam Kim carpentry village and Thanh Ha
pottery village

11. In the third quarter of 2020, the majority
of international professionals and
technicians were working in Vietnam on
projects.
International visitors arriving in our
country in the first nine months of 2020
totaled 3,788.5 thousand, down 70.6
percent from the same period last year.
The first quarter of 2020 accounted for
97.3% of all international visitors, while
the second and third quarters only
accounted for 1.5 percent and 1.2 percent,
respectively.
In order to recover and expand again in
the final months of 2020, tourism
enterprises will require the assistance and
collaboration of the government,
government leaders at all levels, and the
entire community to face the difficulties
and obstacles of this period.
Following the implementation of the
social gap in the first months of the
year, the tourism industry has been
dealing with a second wave of
Covid-19 since late July, and some
areas of the country have already
implemented social isolation
policies to prevent the disease from
spreading. Revenue from housing
and catering services was
anticipated at 369.3 trillion VND in
the first nine months, down 15%
from the same period previous year.
STATISTICS

12. Advantages
Tourism resources
prospects:
The CBT can range from natural
resources to local handicrafts to
cultural activities and festivals.
Despite its development, Thanh Ha
pottery village has managed to
maintain its traditional
environment, space, architecture,
and values. It preserves its ceramic
making technique and production
process, as well as allowing visitors
to participate in hands-on
activities. The traditional
celebrations attract a large number
of participants each year. Visitors
come mostly for the talented
craftsmen’s handcrafted products.
They can enjoy seeing and making
their piece under their supervision.
The availability of community
tourism potential determines an
area's CBT potential (Braun,
2008). According to the current
tourism trend (López-guzmán &
Sánchez Cañizares, 2011), tourists
are increasingly interested in
cultural exchange and staying with
residents or ethnic communities in
rural, peri-urban, or mountain
areas, so Thanh Ha pottery village
is attractive to a large number of
tourists due to its inherent
interesting tourism resources.
The government aims to enhance
community awareness about CBT,
thus meetings between the
government and the community
take place regularly in Thanh Ha
pottery village. As a result,
community leaders in the area
provide comprehensive
explanations of the CBT process
and training programs for
residents. Households continue to
make ceramics traditionally while
also protecting the environment in
their community.
Awareness
Host community
For income, the host community
will always be at the mercy of the
guests' goodwill. As a result,
tourism development must suit the
requirements and wishes of the
public. The host community's
positive attitude will be maintained
through repeat visits and
satisfaction. The majority of guests
expressed their gratitude for the
indigenous people's kindness and
hospitality. Tourists are engaged,
communicated with, and interacted
with by the artists to make them
feel comfortable and welcome.

13. Tourism and has been recently given a stronger mandate in the new
national social-economic development program (2013).
The Government’s commitment and progress to the United Nations
Millennium Development Goal (MDG) facilitate integrated tourism
development as a supporting strategy (Xu et al., 2009)
Additionally, tourism policy-setting bodies are making use of rich
folklore inherent in Vietnamese culture to recently develop culture-
based tourism products to attract tourists to year-round cultural
activities and displays (Vietnam National Administration of
Tourism (VNAT), 2013c).
International organizations as the German Technical Cooperation
Agency (GTZ), Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA),
Netherland Development Organization (SNV), and the World
Tourism Organization (UNWTO) supported the Vietnam National
Administration of Tourism in developing and promoting these new
types of tourism and facilitating the linkages between the
Vietnamese tourism industry and traditional handicraft industry.
The following groups' assistance, together with the
government's support, has helped to bring them to the
attention of the public. The government began offering
pottery training workshops as a means of generating money,
conserving traditional craft skills in children, and assisting
locals with financial needs to expand their production
facilities. This has improved the environment for the
development of CBT.
Support :

14. Disadvantages
Being a community of craftspeople,
there is a shortage of workers. For
community and tourism development,
both skills and knowledge must be on
par. Only four of the 36 houses
manufacture traditional pottery, and
the competent artists are elderly. The
administration has launched annual
vocational courses to help salvage the
situation. However, there is a low level
of participation. Young people are
interested in taking basic pottery
workshops, leaving only a few skilled
artists, who are also elderly. They
have yet to learn things that require
advanced talents, such as animal shape
and simple ceramic products.
Ceramics products have evolved, but
the technology has remained the
same. If this trend continues, the craft
village's survival and livelihood will be
jeopardized in the not-too-distant
future.
Tourism has increased money,
which has aided in the
preservation of traditional
village products and values. The
workshops are fairly small:
private 10.2 m2, smallest 10 m2,
and largest 225 m2. The river
area, which used to be locally
sourced as raw materials, has
dwindled as a result of
urbanization. It will now have to
be outsourced, which will be
rather costly for the people.
Industrial items have always been a
constraint for traditional handicrafts
since raw materials are readily
available, mass-produced, and come
in a variety of colors and forms that
are less expensive. Similarly,
handcrafted items are limited
edition, which raises the cost. The
only way to deal with it is to
continue to alter and create new
items in response to the changing
trends. In terms of quality and style,
they compete with traditional
handicrafts from central Vietnam,
such as Phuoc Tich ancient hamlet in
Thua Thien Hue province and Bat
Trang pottery in Hanoi.
When interacting with visitors, the
Thanh Ha pottery villages are
reputed to be warm and welcoming.
They are still unable to organize
campaigns, participate in activities,
and monitor and evaluate the local
tourist project. They must hone their
skills and receive training to do so.
There is a lack of capacity to
accommodate and run the CBT in
terms of carrying capacity.
Future tourism plans that include
empowerment and participation in
management will help to alleviate the
situation. The quantity and quality of
social amenities, as well as attitudes
toward tourists, are the major aspects
that make CBT successful, according to
Mathieson and Wall (1982).
Storage
Lack of workforce:
CBT Management
Competition

15. The Kinabatangan River
habitat is a popular
destination for anyone
looking to be immersed in
a diverse ecosystem and
view some of Sabah's most
famous fauna. The majority
of people head to the
upper Kinabatangan to
lodge near Sukau, a small
settlement. The lesser-
known Kinabatangan
Wetlands Resort gives a
unique perspective of this
unique ecosystem, with
special housing amenities
for up to 20 people. Ten
magnificent rooms are
elevated above the marshes
and connected to the on-
site facilities via
boardwalks.
It has significant national
and international
significance. The concept
of CBT has been
implemented here.
Miso Walai homestays are
being developed in Mukim
Batu Puteh, Kinabatangan,
and Sabah. They evolved
from a rural community that
relied on natural resources
for subsistence, such as
logging, hunting, fishing, and
agriculture, to an
environmentally conscious
community that finally
attracted enough tourists to
become one of their main
sources of income. Miso
Walai homestay is a CBT
model that is bolstered by the
participation of local people.
Miso Walai is unique in that it
contains more than 35 houses,
totaling over 400 individuals,
living and working at the
homestay complex, speaking
20 indigenous languages of
the neighboring Orang Sungai
populations.
(KONEXER, n.d.)
CASE STUDIES
Miso Walai homestay development, Mukim Batu
Puteh, Kinabatangan Sabah (Malaysia)

16. In 2002, some previously separate community tourism groups, launched under the
Model Ecologically Sustainable Community Conservation and Tourism (MESCOT),
held a consultative meeting and decided to join forces to form Koperasi
Pelancongan (KOPEL) Berhad, which was registered in 2003.
KOPEL and its Lower Kinabatangan biodiversity protection programme heartily
thank the efforts of the local villagers and visitors. To keep these initiatives going, we
need more help from tourists, volunteers, and private and government
organisations.
MESCOT project began in 1996 with the residents of Batu Puteh Community, in the
creation of the Lower Kinabatangan Wildlife Sanctuary,160km long.The MESCOT
initiative has been saving the forest of Kinabatagan since 199.Through their trail
and error process they have restored much of the habitat and planted more than
1,oo,oo0 trees in different floodplain areas of the forest types.
The Batu Puteh community began an attempt to save the Orang Sungai in
1997. El Nino destroyed the peat forest around Pin Sipu Forest Reserve in
1997-98. KOPEL was crucial in preserving the livelihood of the local
community (Koperasi Pelancongan Tourism Cooperative). The company
trained and hired local villagers as cooks, guides, and boat drivers. The
cooperative's dividend is split among more than 300 members from three
communities. Some of the communities in the area are Kampung Batu Puteh,
Kampung Menggaris, Kampung Perpaduan, and Kampung Singgah Mata.The
Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) designated Pin Supu Forest Reserve as a
well-managed forest in 2015, a testament to KOPEL and SFD's conservation
efforts. (KONEXER,n.d.)
MESCOT was in charge of the program's inception, which included
coordinating community support, tourism activities among groups, training
villagers as guides, accountants, and maintenance staff, and providing
communications support, all while keeping the original community groups
separate administrative units. KOPEL, on the other hand, has to bring
communities together in order to achieve common goals and operate under
the ownership-by-share idea. | (Razzaq et al, 2012:9).The Forest Stewardship
Council (FSC) designated Pin Supu Forest Reserve as a well-managed forest in
2015, a testament to KOPEL and SFD's conservation efforts. (HEARD, 2017)

17. n 2008, the Sabah Forestry
Department (SDF) and MESCOT
signed a Memorandum of
Understanding, allowing the Supu
Forest Reserve to be managed by
the local community.
As a result of their involvement
with SFD, which took the form of
forestry initiatives, the locals
developed confidence and self-
esteem. This was a mission that
KOPEL took on. The main source
of revenue for the local population
was a partnership with the SFD,
albeit they could increasingly rely
on tourists to supplement their
earnings.
Miso Walai offers visitors a village
setting in which to experience the
area's amazing animals, woods,
and biodiversity, as well as a
sustainable place to stay.

18. The Kinabatangan Wildlife Sanctuary comprises of forest
fragments along the Lower Kinabatangan. Source: M.
Ancrenaz, HUTAN.
The initiative was created and funded
by the state government in close
collaboration with the Sabah Forestry
Department. Locals were required to
assist with the planning of ecotourism
activities and then create capacity to
manage the activities. The four
villages (Batu Puteh, Kinabatangan:
Kampung Batu Puteh, Kampung
Mengaris, Kampung Perpaduan, and
Kampung Singgah Matahad )
recognized the importance of halting
economic operations, wildlife
destruction, illicit hunting, and
logging in order to promote tourist
growth. MESCOT was able to register
the Miso Walai Homestay programme
with the Sabah State Ministry of
Tourism, Culture, and Environment
on paper in 1999.
Service with a boat (responsible for
wildlife observation cruises)
Service of guiding (responsible for the
training of local guides and local
history)
Groups based on culture (these are
culture groups which comprise of
several people doing different activities
per Group like humanitarian activities)
Handicrafts from Tulun Tukou (a group
of women who were trained in
handicraft production from the four
communities of the Miso Walai area)
Miso Walai Homestay Program is a
homestay programme run by Miso
Walai.
Mescot is made up of five different
activities:

19. Tourist Arrival World- ASEAN
As a result of the COVID-19
outbreak, the world faced an
unforeseen health, social,
and economic crisis. Due to
disruptions in demand as a
result of travel restrictions
and the closure of
international borders by
most countries, tourism was
one of the most affected
sectors.
According to the UNWTO
World Tourism Barometer,
the total number of tourists
arriving in 2020 was 399
million, down from 1.47
billion in 2019. More than 1
billion tourists were fewer,
resulting in a 74.0 percent
drop. This situation is
identical to the previous 30
years' record number of
tourist arrivals.
As a result of the COVID-19 outbreak, the world faced an unforeseen
health, social, and economic crisis. Due to disruptions in demand as a
result of travel restrictions and the closure of international borders by
most countries, tourism was one of the most affected sectors.

20. Tourist arrivals in
Malaysia, 1991-2020
As illustrated in Chart, the
onset of the COVID-19
pandemic led in a drop of 83.4
percent of inbound tourists in
2020. Tourist arrivals totaled
only 4.3 million, down from
26.1 million the previous year.
Though Malaysia witnessed a
20.4 percent drop in 2003
owing to Severe Acute
Respiratory Syndrome, the
drop was the biggest ever
recorded in the country's
tourism history (SARS).

21. The Miso Walai homestay
programme eventually evolved
into a core programme or
umbrella for various connected
activities. The Miso Walai
Homestay programme was
officially advertised and started in
November of 2000.
The Miso Walai homestay
program's major goal was to
include the local population in
community-based ecotourism,
where guests' experiences would
be based on traditional orang
Sungai culture and daily activities.
On a day-to-day visit, there are a
variety of cultural experiences to
be had, such as eating communally
on traditional handcrafted mats,
bathing in a tub, or washing by the
river while living in a local village
homestay.
They may be considered as grey
literature. Most jurisdictions
require companies to prepare and
disclose annual reports, and many
require the annual report to be
filed at the company's registry.
Companies listed on a stock.
Because the Miso Walai homestay
is located in the Lower
Kinabatangan Wildlife Tourism
Corridor, which is rich in natural
biodiversity and cultural legacy, it
is unique (MESCOT, 2005:1).
According to Razzaq et al.
(2012:14), Miso Walai means
"staying together" in Orang
Sungai.(Sarawak Cultural
Enterprise using Mobile Media,
2015)
About 208 Mukim Batu Puteh
residents are directly or indirectly
involved in the programme, with
23 families participating in the
homestay programme and 48
locals participating in the Boat
Services Association. Meanwhile,
33 young people joined the
sukarelawan MESCOT
environmental protectors, 22
young people joined the MESCOT
Cultural Group (MSG), and more
than 60 individuals joined the
Tulon Tokou Handicraft
Association.
Since 2000, the number of tourists
visiting Misowalai homestay has
increased year after year.
According to statistics, 176 tourists
participated in the programme in
2000, and this number increased
to 2943 tourists in 2009, resulting
in a total revenue of more than
RM 600,000. Amran Hamzah (Dr),
2012)
Many communal activities, such as
village sports played in the late
afternoon, are carried out on a
daily basis and have proven
popular with visitors. There are
also a variety of local economic
activities such as farming, ‘oil
palming,' and ‘fish and prawn
trapping on the river,' which
provide an interesting backdrop to
family life, as well as a wealth of
amazing tools, tales, and things to
learn about.
CASE STUDIES

22. Wildlife observation river excursions;
Watching or learning about traditional music and dance;
Cooking or “learning to cook” traditional local foods are among the most popular
activities at village homestays.
Walks through local farms and orchards with an interpretive focus;
consuming tropical fruits, particularly during their ripening season;
At the homestays or the local village school, students and volunteers are frequently
involved in community projects and English language instruction.
Lessons learned
A community cooperative effectively administers the local people's economic,
sociocultural, and environmental problems. The way people think about
entrepreneurship and mainstreaming has shifted. Increased community participation in
decision-making processes, increased tourism income distribution, solidified the sense
of ownership, strengthened social cohesiveness, and, eventually, increased community
support are all benefits of having shareholders.(Nor Haniza Mohamad, 2013)
Individual human capital development: to raise tourist awareness and
understanding, notably among MESCOT pioneer groups members; The
MESCOT group acquired and documented information about the local
biodiversity, including six different forest types and other points of interest,
throughout the research phase.
Recording and documentation of "aural history," traditional beliefs, traditional
remedies, traditional forest resource uses, indigenous culture, and the area's
historical relevance and "living legacy."
Exposure phase: at this step, participants were exposed to real-life
scenarios in tourism through training, seminars, and study visits to various
tourist attractions, facilities, and places. Exposure visits were also designed to
collect data on current tourism products and identify gaps and potential
activities that had not yet been produced.
During the brainstorming phase, all of the material acquired regarding
possible activities was recognised, short-listed, and decisions were made
about which activities were appropriate for the region.
The business strategy, marketing plan, budgets, strategies, and codes of
conduct were all drawn up during the detailed planning stage.
MESCOT members' skills development: appropriate skills for running or
managing tourism activities were offered to local MESCOT members.
Establish leadership/local champion: the project's leadership and
organisation were decided after considering the three key stakeholders: the
government, non-governmental organisations, and self-appointed
community representatives.

23. CONCLUSION
Connection towards community-based
tourism and tourism for inclusive
growth.
This year the UNWTO has kept the theme of tourism day as
“tourism for inclusive growth”
In the year 2020, 32 million people would be plunged into
poverty as a result of the global pandemic. The indifference of
society to social and economic consequences has resulted in
vulnerability. Low-wage workers, the elderly, indigenous
peoples, and people with disabilities have all limited the
number of options for recovery. To accelerate the recovery
and expansion of the sector. Members of the United Nations
World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), agencies,
international organizations, destinations and enterprises, and
individual travelers are all striving toward a common goal. The
notion of inclusive growth guides decision-making at the
highest levels of government and business. Gender equality is
required.
Fairtrade, indigenous rights, and youth opportunities are all
issues that need to be addressed. Commitments are
meaningless if they aren't followed through on. Any type of
destination or business, regardless of size or type, must give it
their all. Because size doesn't matter, tourism will resume
shortly if they become more inclusive. This will enable the
sharing of the finest interests, accomplishments, and practices.
Individual tourists also can start a dialogue and give their
thoughts on how the tourism industry might expand
inclusively.
Community-based tourism, although it is on a small scale in a
specific region. It brings empowerment, confidence, and hope
for the community when they learn to plan and manage them.

24. References
Hoi An's Pottery Village: How to best Experience Thanh Ha - Hidden Hoian Thanh Ha
Pottery Village
*Community-based tourism: Opportunities and challenges a case study in Thanh Ha
pottery village, Hoi (tandfonline.com)
Hoi An's Pottery Village: How to best Experience Thanh Ha - Hidden Hoian Thanh Ha
Pottery Village
https://www.asean.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/ASEAN-Community-Based-
Tourism-Standard.pdf pg 4
https://uniglobeletsgotravel.com/the-incredible-benefits-of-community-based-
tourism/
https://www.changeworks.org.uk/news-and-events/blog/the-importance-of-case-
studies-in-social-research methodology
PowerPoint Presentation (webunwto.s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com)
https://webunwto.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/2021-07/210927-wtd-
technical-note-en.pdf
https://www.mescot.org/
https://konexer.org/mescot-kopel/
(PDF) Development of Malaysian Homestay Tourism: A Review. (researchgate.net) pg
65,66,67,68
(PDF) Market and welfare economic impacts of sustainable forest management
practices-An empirical analysis of timber market in Sabah, Malaysia
(researchgate.net)
1.amazonaws.com/imported_images/45025/3.2._s3_wtc_2016_-_prof_amran_0.pdf
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01493/full
https://mediaandenterprise.wordpress.com/2015/09/29/trip-to-miso-walai-with-
upub/
https://studylib.net/doc/8382512/community-capacity-building-for-sustainable-
tourism-devel...
https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WHATT-03-2013-
0017/full/html?skipTracking=true
Tourism Satellite Account 2020 (dosm.gov.my)
CBT - Community-based Tourism
Model Ecologically Sustainable Community Conservation and
Tourism (MESCOT)
Sabah Forestry Department (SDF)
Pro-Poor Tourism (PPT)
Community Benefit Tourism Initiatives (CBTIs)
Abbreviations used in the Reseach paper