Philippine Constitution - ARTICLE IX - Constitutional Commissions John Paul Espino
ARTICLE 9 - IX - Constitutional Commissions of the Philippines
PREAMBLE
We, the sovereign Filipino people, imploring the aid of Almighty God, in order to build a just and humane society, and establish a Government that shall embody our ideals and aspirations, promote the common good, conserve and develop our patrimony, and secure to ourselves and our posterity, the blessings of independence and democracy under the rule of law and a regime of truth, justice, freedom, love, equality, and peace, do ordain and promulgate this Constitution.
Legitimacy maintains political stability because it establishes a regime's right to rule, and so underpins the regime's authority over its people. Legitimacy may be based on traditional, charismatic or legal–rational authority. Nevertheless, structural imbalances in modern society may make it increasingly difficult to maintain legitimacy. Legitimation crises may arise from the conflict between the pressure for social and economic interventionism generated by democracy on the one hand, and the pressure generated by market economy on the other.
There is considerable controversy about how liberal-democratic systems work in practice. Pluralists praise the system's capacity to guarantee popular responsiveness and public accountability. Elitists highlight the tendency for political power to be concentrated in the hands of a privileged minority. Corporatists draw attention to the incorporation of groups into government. The New Right focuses on the dangers of 'democratic overload'. And Marxists point to tensions between democracy and capitalism.There are a number of rival models of democracy, each offering its own version of popular rule. Classical democracy, which is based on the political system of Ancient Athens, is defended on the grounds that it alone guarantees government by the people. Protective democracy gives citizens the greatest scope to live their lives as they choose. Developmental democracy has the virtue that, in extending participation, it widens liberty and fosters personal growth. People's democracy aims to achieve economic emancipation, rather than merely the extension of political rights.
Philippine Constitution - ARTICLE IX - Constitutional Commissions John Paul Espino
ARTICLE 9 - IX - Constitutional Commissions of the Philippines
PREAMBLE
We, the sovereign Filipino people, imploring the aid of Almighty God, in order to build a just and humane society, and establish a Government that shall embody our ideals and aspirations, promote the common good, conserve and develop our patrimony, and secure to ourselves and our posterity, the blessings of independence and democracy under the rule of law and a regime of truth, justice, freedom, love, equality, and peace, do ordain and promulgate this Constitution.
Legitimacy maintains political stability because it establishes a regime's right to rule, and so underpins the regime's authority over its people. Legitimacy may be based on traditional, charismatic or legal–rational authority. Nevertheless, structural imbalances in modern society may make it increasingly difficult to maintain legitimacy. Legitimation crises may arise from the conflict between the pressure for social and economic interventionism generated by democracy on the one hand, and the pressure generated by market economy on the other.
There is considerable controversy about how liberal-democratic systems work in practice. Pluralists praise the system's capacity to guarantee popular responsiveness and public accountability. Elitists highlight the tendency for political power to be concentrated in the hands of a privileged minority. Corporatists draw attention to the incorporation of groups into government. The New Right focuses on the dangers of 'democratic overload'. And Marxists point to tensions between democracy and capitalism.There are a number of rival models of democracy, each offering its own version of popular rule. Classical democracy, which is based on the political system of Ancient Athens, is defended on the grounds that it alone guarantees government by the people. Protective democracy gives citizens the greatest scope to live their lives as they choose. Developmental democracy has the virtue that, in extending participation, it widens liberty and fosters personal growth. People's democracy aims to achieve economic emancipation, rather than merely the extension of political rights.
Commonwealth games 2010 was held in India. The event that was supposed to be the pride of the nation, became the shame for the country. The event and was marked by the scam, bad management and various other controversies.
Constitution
POSC 121
Braunwarth
NationalismHow did we come to be an independent nation?Began as a struggle between order and freedomEngland protects the colonies in the Seven Years’War with France ending in 1763To pay, England passes Stamp Act and Sugar ActResistance to “taxation without representation” was fanned by “Patriots” who wanted independenceThrough their organized efforts, representation grew into self-identification
Nationalism1773 Boston Tea Party by the Sons of LibertyEngland responds with “Intolerable Acts” of 1774: more tax collectors and more troopsCreated widespread patriotismMany became frustrated with diplomacy and made demands for freedom with forceMany of the Southern colonies were motivated by the 1772 Somerset Decision that made slavery illegal in England
Origins of the Constitution
There are two central precursors to our ConstitutionThe Declaration of Independence andThe Articles of Confederation
The Declaration of IndependenceWritten by Jefferson (he was actually a last minute replacement)Two enduring political ideas are laid out in the Declaration of IndependenceNatural Rights and the Social Contract
Natural Rights
What are Natural Rights?Right to Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness
Why are they “natural”?Because we have them by virtue of being human, hence they are “unalienable”
Developed in the writings of John Locke as “Life, Liberty, and Property”Locke was concerned about how rational individuals would overcome the “inconveniences” of a “state of nature” without government
Social ContractWhat is a Social Contract?According to the Declaration, these natural rights were to be secured through a social contract between consenting citizens and the governmentWe give up some of our liberties by agreeing to abide by the laws of society and, in return, our natural rights are protected
The Social Contract
The SignersThe signers were fully committed to the cause. They were, after all, committing treasonAt the signing, it has been reported that Benjamin Harrison, a rather large man, said to the thin-framed William Ellery, “I shall have a great advantage over you, Mr. Ellery, when we are all hung for what we are now doing. From the size and weight of my body, I shall die quickly, but from your lightness of body, you will dance for some time before you are dead.”
Republicanism and the Spirit of ’76Following the passage of the Declaration of Independence a sense of equality and empowerment became widespreadRepublicanism: that power should remain close to the people > political elitesCreated very democratic state constitutionsPopularly elected legislaturesLimited power to the executiveShort terms of office
A Constitution
A Constitution is the basic law of societyIt’s society’s rule bookIt provides a general visioncreates political structuresand how those structures will functionIt places limits on power and establishes rightsConsequently, in order to understand contemporary politics, one m.
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What Are Human Rights?
Human rights are rights inherent to all human beings, regardless of race, sex, nationality, ethnicity, language, religion, or any other status. Human rights include the right to life and liberty, freedom from slavery and torture, freedom of opinion and expression, the right to work and education, and many more. Everyone is entitled to these rights, without discrimination.
International Human Rights Law
International human rights law lays down the obligations of Governments to act in certain ways or to refrain from certain acts, in order to promote and protect human rights and fundamental freedoms of individuals or groups.
One of the great achievements of the United Nations is the creation of a comprehensive body of human rights law—a universal and internationally protected code to which all nations can subscribe and all people aspire. The United Nations has defined a broad range of internationally accepted rights, including civil, cultural, economic, political and social rights. It has also established mechanisms to promote and protect these rights and to assist states in carrying out their responsibilities.
The foundations of this body of law are the Charter of the United Nations and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, adopted by the General Assembly in 1945 and 1948, respectively. Since then, the United Nations has gradually expanded human rights law to encompass specific standards for women, children, persons with disabilities, minorities and other vulnerable groups, who now possess rights that protect them from discrimination that had long been common in many societies.
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Macroeconomics: Aggregate Demand and Supplybrianbelen
Lecture slides for an undergraduate course on Basic Macroeconomics that I taught in the Fall of 2007.
As the title suggests, this deck gives an overview of aggregate demand and supply (or equilibrium in the goods and money markets).
Lecture slides for an undergraduate course on Basic Macroeconomics that I taught in the Fall of 2007.
This lecture describes the interaction between the goods and money markets.
Lecture slides for an undergraduate course on Basic Macroeconomics that I taught in the Fall of 2007.
This lecture focuses on (US-centric) monetary policy.
Macroeconomics: Productivity and Employmentbrianbelen
Lecture slides for an undergraduate course on Basic Macroeconomics that I taught in the Fall of 2007.
This lecture introduces two macroeconomic issues: productivity/output and unemployment.
Lecture slides for an undergraduate course on Basic Macroeconomics that I taught in the Fall of 2007.
This lecture goes over the difference between real and nominal GDP.
Lecture slides for an undergraduate course on Basic Macroeconomics that I taught in the Fall of 2007.
This lecture introduces national income accounts.
Lecture slides for an undergraduate course on Basic Macroeconomics that I taught in the Fall of 2007.
This lecture introduces macroeconomics proper (as opposed to microeconomics).
Lecture slides for an undergraduate course on Basic Macroeconomics that I taught in the Fall of 2007.
This lecture serves covers concepts of demand and supply.
Lecture slides for an undergraduate course on Basic Macroeconomics that I taught in the Fall of 2007.
This first lecture serves as an introduction to economics in general.
On Philippine Elections and Political Partiesbrianbelen
Lecture slide deck on Philippine Elections and Political Parties.
This is from a class on Philippine Politics and Governance that I taught from 2003-2005.
Lecture slide deck on Local Government.
This was for a class on Philippine Politics and Governance that I taught between 2003-2005.
http://brianbelen.blogspot.com
Lecture slide deck on the Philippine Local Government Code (RA 7160).
This was for a class on Philippine Politics and Governance that I taught between 2003-2005.
http://brianbelen.blogspot.com
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
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Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
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Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
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2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Learning Objectives: 1.) To become acquainted with Cicero’s political thought in the context of his time. 2.) To understand Cicero’s concepts of law, justice and the commonwealth. 3.) To elucidate on Cicero’s understanding of natural law and the human race as a commonwealth unto itself. 4.) To offer a perspective to the question: why should anyone concern themselves with politics?