Marcus Tullius Cicero was a Roman orator and statesman born in 106 BC in Arpinum. He received a rhetorical and philosophical education and became Rome's leading orator. As consul in 63 BC, he exposed the Catilinarian conspiracy but later went into exile due to conflicts with the first triumvirate. He wrote philosophical and political works and supported Pompey in the civil war against Caesar. In 43 BC, he was proscribed and murdered on the orders of the second triumvirate formed by Octavian, Antony, and Lepidus.

1. Marcus Tullius Cicero – a biography
Felix Maximilian Gimmel, Latin Course Class 10, Neues Gymnasium

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* 03.01.106 B.C.
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from Arpinum (today: Arpino)
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son of an eques
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homo novus
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moving to Rome in 102 B.C.
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rhetorical and philosophical
educationFelix Maximilian Gimmel, Latin Course Class 10, Neues Gymnasium

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Felix Maximilian Gimmel, Latin Course Class 10, Neues Gymnasium
Rome
Arpinum

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public activity with speech (orator)
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81 B.C.: defended Sextus Roscius
(accusing Chrysogonus, mighty favourite of Sulla)
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ascended to the most important lawyer
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„cure“ and study
Felix Maximilian Gimmel, Latin Course Class 10, Neues Gymnasium

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public activity with speech (orator)
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81 B.C.: defended Sextus Roscius
(accusing Chrysogonus, mighty favourite of Sulla)
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ascended to the most important lawyer
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„cure“ and study
Felix Maximilian Gimmel, Latin Course Class 10, Neues Gymnasium

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Felix Maximilian Gimmel, Latin Course Class 10, Neues Gymnasium

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75 B.C.: beginning of his senatorial career
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75 B.C.: quaestor
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confidence of the inhabitants of the province
of Sicilia
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70 B.C.: patronus of the Sicilians
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process against Gaius Verres
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most important orator of Rome
Felix Maximilian Gimmel, Latin Course Class 10, Neues Gymnasium

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Felix Maximilian Gimmel, Latin Course Class 10, Neues Gymnasium

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69 B.C.: aedil
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66 B.C.: praetor
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first state speech (De imperio Cn. Pompei)
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63 B.C.: consul
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= peak and turning point of Cicero's political
career
Felix Maximilian Gimmel, Latin Course Class 10, Neues Gymnasium

10. Pompeius
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Felix Maximilian Gimmel, Latin Course Class 10, Neues Gymnasium

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peak: revealed catilinarian conspiracy
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then: negative turning point:
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triumvirate among Caesar, Crassus, Pompeius
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59 B.C.: Caesar became consul
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no support for Cicero from his party, the optimates
Felix Maximilian Gimmel, Latin Course Class 10, Neues Gymnasium

12. Catilinarian Conspiracy
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13. Caesar and Crassus
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exiled by Clodius
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57 B.C.: return to Italy
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no political work possible
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withdrawal into private sphere
Felix Maximilian Gimmel, Latin Course Class 10, Neues Gymnasium

15. Clodius
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wrote about ethics, rhetoric etc.
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51 B.C.: Governor of Cilicia
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beginning of the civil war between
Caesar and Pompeius
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joined Pompeius
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48 B.C.: return to Italy
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stay at Brundisium to 47 B.C.
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personal pardon by Caesar
Felix Maximilian Gimmel, Latin Course Class 10, Neues Gymnasium

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Felix Maximilian Gimmel, Latin Course Class 10, Neues Gymnasium
Brundisium

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wrote three more works (e.g. paradoxa
Stoicorum)
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46 B.C.: Caesar won the battle at
Thapsus
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45 B.C.: Caesar defeated the sons of
Pompeius at Munda
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= end of the civil war
Felix Maximilian Gimmel, Latin Course Class 10, Neues Gymnasium

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Felix Maximilian Gimmel, Latin Course Class 10, Neues Gymnasium
Thapsus
Munda

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46 B.C.: divorce from Terentia
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45 B.C.: wedding with/ divorce from Publilia
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45 B.C.: death of daughter Tullia
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distract and consolation with philosophy
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wrote more books
Felix Maximilian Gimmel, Latin Course Class 10, Neues Gymnasium

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44 B.C.: assassination of Caesar
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once again political position
 hope for recovery of the
res publica
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was disappointed
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called for the battle against Antonius in his
Philippics
Felix Maximilian Gimmel, Latin Course Class 10, Neues Gymnasium

22. Marcus Antonius
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Antonius became declared enemy of
the state
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was defeated at Munda and banished
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Cicero's hope in Octavian was
disappointed:
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triumvirate among Octavian, Antonius
and Lepidus
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proscription against Cicero
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7.12.43 B.C.: was murdered by Caieta
Felix Maximilian Gimmel, Latin Course Class 10, Neues Gymnasium

24. Octavian and Lepidus
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Sources
books:
Dr. Philips, Heribert: Lateinische Klassiker, M. Tullius Cicero, Briefe, Cicero und seine Zeit; Verlag Schöningh
Zink, Norbert: Modelle für den altsprachlichen Unterricht Latein, Accedere ad rem publicam – a re publica recedere? Verlag Moritz Diesterweg
pictures:
Bild Cicero
http://www.aphorism4all.com/images/1362925584.jpg
 Büste Ciceros in den Kapitolinischen Museen, Rom
Karte: Imperium Romanum
http://www.google.de/url?source=imglanding&ct=img&q=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6e/Roman-Empire-39BC-bg.png&sa=X&ei=8CNCVYT_J8bjase
Cicero beschuldigt Catilinarier der Verschwörung:
http://picture.yatego.com/images/4cdc1c666d0e95.3/41_00000046-kqh/cicero-beschuldigt-catilina-im-senat-der-versch---.jpg
Büste Caesars
http://polpix.sueddeutsche.com/polopoly_fs/1.113387.1358229525!/httpImage/image.jpg_gen/derivatives/900x600/image.jpg
Marcus Licinius Crassus; Porträtbüste im Louvre
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cc/Marcus_Licinius_Crassus_Louvre.jpg
Büste des Pompeius in Kopenhagen
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e5/Pompejus.JPG
Büste von Clodius
http://www.genealogie-93-generationen.eu/bilder/B%20174336%20H.jpg
Antonius: Büste in der Vatikanstadt
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/12/M_Antonius_modified.png
Augustus mit Bürgerkrone (Corona civica)
So genannte „Augustus Bevilacqua“-Büste, Münchner Glyptothek
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0b/Augustus_Bevilacqua_Glyptothek_Munich_317.jpg
Büste des Lepidus:
http://www.ageod-forum.com/attachment.php?attachmentid=19904
Felix Maximilian Gimmel, Latin Course Class 10, Neues Gymnasium

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THANK YOU
FOR YOUR
ATTENTION!
Felix Maximilian Gimmel, Latin Course Class 10, Neues Gymnasium