presentation class 10: De re publica
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Cicero's De re publica is a philosophical dialogue written in the 50s BC consisting of 6 books. It discusses the ideal form of government through conversations between Scipio Aemilianus and other Roman statesmen. The text was reconstructed in the 19th century from a medieval palimpsest that contained fragments of books 1-5. Each book covers different topics relating to political philosophy over the course of three days of discussion. Cicero ultimately argues that monarchy is the best form of government when led by a wise and just ruler.
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Plato's Politeia is one of his most important works besides the Nomoi. It is composed of 10 books and explores the question "What is justice?". Through dialogues primarily between Socrates and others, Plato outlines his ideal utopian state and the education, roles, and virtues of its citizens. He draws an analogy between the structure of the just state, with its three classes, and the structure of the just soul with its three parts. The work covers the origins, duties, and decline of different forms of government.
Travelog: journey through Utopia
Vid Pacator traveled to the island of Utopia in 1518 out of curiosity about their perfect political system and ideal society. During his two month stay, he observed their harmonious communal way of life where everyone helped one another and had equal access to goods, though they closely monitored each other's behavior. However, he was disturbed by their trial and enslavement of adulterers. While religion was freely practiced, Utopia later declared war on Scotland to gain new land, using sabotage and assassinations carried out by children soldiers. Shocked by this, Vid cut his trip short, feeling Utopia's military affairs and social control were unacceptable though it was otherwise a positive tourist destination.
Life style magazine: philosophic advice
Lucius Annaeus Seneca and Metrodoros from Lampsakos offer opposing philosophic perspectives on balancing career and parenting. Seneca, a Stoic, believes work fulfillment is most important and that duty to one's career should not be affected by personal relationships. He advocates maintaining emotional detachment. Metrodoros, an Epicurean, argues that children's education and family time should be top priorities. He recommends relaxing more, enjoying simple pleasures, and focusing less on work and society to improve quality of life. The NewTopian Times article presents each philosopher's view for readers to consider.
Book review: Plato, Politeia
Plato wrote his work "Politeia" (known as "The Republic") to describe his conception of the ideal state. In it, he explores the question "What is justice?" through a discussion between Socrates and others about creating a just state. Plato believed the ideal state would be divided into three classes - craftsmen and farmers who provide resources, guards who protect the state, and philosopher kings who rule through reason and wisdom. The book critic discusses how Plato explores the duties and training of each class, as well as how the state maintains justice and order through this system. The critic recommends the book for those interested in ancient philosophy and visions of ideal states.
Fake film review
Thomas Morus is an upcoming political thriller film based on Thomas More's book Utopia. It follows businessman Thomas Morus as he does anything to create his vision of a perfect Utopian society in modern times, including breaking the law. Academy Award winner Harry Lonpos praised director Peter Dental's new approach to the genre and said working on the film was fun. However, the previous film adaptation Utopia from last summer disappointed critics and audiences with a confusing plot and poor special effects. Thomas Morus will be released on November 5th, 2017.
Marcus Tullius Cicero - presentation, english
Marcus Tullius Cicero was a Roman orator and statesman born in 106 BC in Arpinum. He received a rhetorical and philosophical education and became Rome's leading orator. As consul in 63 BC, he exposed the Catilinarian conspiracy but later went into exile due to conflicts with the first triumvirate. He wrote philosophical and political works and supported Pompey in the civil war against Caesar. In 43 BC, he was proscribed and murdered on the orders of the second triumvirate formed by Octavian, Antony, and Lepidus.
Marcus Tullius Cicero - a biography
Marcus Tullius Cicero was a Roman orator and statesman born in 106 BC in Arpinum. He received a rhetorical and philosophical education and became Rome's leading orator. As consul in 63 BC, he exposed the Catilinarian conspiracy but later went into exile due to conflicts with the first triumvirate. He wrote philosophical and political works and supported Pompey in the civil war against Caesar. In 43 BC, he was proscribed and murdered on the orders of the second triumvirate formed by Octavian, Antony, and Lepidus.
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presentation class 10: De re publica
- 1. Cicero's De re publica presented by Anastasia B. and Gerrit S. („Neues Gymnasium Wilhelmshaven“, Latin course, class 10)
- 2. Outline ● basic information ● Cicero (author) ● history of the text of „De re publica“ ● content ● the books ● main actor ● all involved persons ● a picture ● sources of this presentation
- 3. basic information about „De re publica“ ● written by Marcus Tullius Cicero ● written between 54 and 51 b.C. ● discussion about the best form of government ● consists of 6 books ● written as a platonic dialogue ● main actor: Scipio Aemilianus ● role model: Platon's „Politeia“ ● dedicated to Cicero's brother Quintus
- 4. Cicero ● full name: Marcus Tullius Cicero ● born january 3rd 106 b.C. in Arpinum ● died december 7th 43 b.C. ● was a Roman politician, lawyer, author and philosopher ● popular speaker in Rome ● role model for many people (“Ciceronianism“ = writing in in stilistic manner of Cicero) ● cursus honorum in minimum time ● → 63 b.C. consul
- 5. history of the text of „De re publica“ ● in the 19th century reconstruted from a palimpsest ● palimpsest: re-used manuscript page, e.g. pergament, whose original text had been scraped or washed off ● under a medieval manuscript Ciceros text was hidden ● not everything could be reconstruted ● palimpsest contained book 1-5 ( without book 6 which was handed down in another way) ● every book survived only in fragments
- 6. General content of „De re publica“ ● ideal constitution ● comparison of democracy,aristocracy,monarchy ● dialogue, extends over the three days of the feriae latinae (important religious fest, held in April) 129 b.C. ● one day= two books ● every day has its own preface (1,3,5) ● Cicero thinks monarchy is the best constitution
- 7. The Books ● book 1: 17 pages missed ● all books together discuss three topics: ● book 1&2: about state theory ● book 3&4: about justice and legislation ● book 5&6: about best statesman
- 8. number of rulers good form attribute bad form attribute one person regnum kingdom caritas welfare tyrannis superbia arrogance some persons civitas optimatum optimates rule consilium wisdom oligarchy factiones cliques everybody civitas popularis popular government libertas liberty anarchy ochlokraty licentia rampant mass Cicero's civics
- 9. Main character: Scipio Aemilianus ● general and statesman ● known because of the destruction of Carthage ● also called „younger Scipio“ ● has all the virtues of the traditional Romans e.g. dignity, braveness ● educated man ● full name: Publius Cornelius Scipio Aemilianus Africanus minor Numantinus ● born in year 185 b.C. ● died in year 129 b.C.
- 11. All involved persons ● Gaius Fannius: officer,rhetor,statesman,Roman historian, wrote for example annales (historical writings dealing with the events chronologically, year by year) ● Gaius Laelius Sapiens:born190 b.C.,officer,statesman, rhetor, Stoic, belonged to “Scipio's circle“ ● Manius Manilius: statesman,legal expert, jurist, consul ● Spurius Mummius: Stoic, follower of Stoic philosopher Panaetius, expert of Greek culture and language ● Lucius Furius Philios: statesman, rhetor, consul, speaking pure (exemplary) Latin, member of “Scipio's circle“ ● Publius Rutilius Rufus: born 156 b.C., his idol also was Panaetius, consul, statesman, jurist, rhetor, historian
- 12. involved persons (part 2) ● Qiuntus Mucius Scaevola: statesman, jurist, was taught in philosophy by Panaetius, consul, teacher of Cicero in legal practice ● Quintus Aelius Tubero: rhetor, jurist, politician, Stoic, Cicero estimated especially Tubero's character
- 13. Manuscript of De re publica (palimpsest)
- 14. Sources: ● de.wikipedia.org de re publica ● de.wikipedia.org Marcus Tullius Cicero ● de.wikipedia.org Scipio Aemilianus ● imgarcade.com/1/cicero-de-re-publica/ ● schule-bw.de/unterricht/faecher/latein/lateinische-bibliothek/cicero-philosophie/einfuehrung- ciceros-philosophische-werke.html ● DE RE PUBLICA (Buch) Lateinische Klassiker , Schöningh ● de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Publius_Cornelius_Scipio_Aemilianus_Africanus