This document defines common networking devices and describes their functions. It discusses hubs, switches, routers, and modems. Hubs connect devices to a network but send all data to all ports, lowering efficiency. Switches improve efficiency by sending data only to the targeted device's port using MAC addresses. Routers connect multiple networks and use routing tables to forward data packets. Modems modulate digital signals to analog for transmission over telephone lines and demodulate the analog signals back to digital.

1. Common
networking devices
PRESENTED BY
:ALEENA AND
HOORAIN

2. Definition :
“Hardware devices that are used to connect electronic
devices to a network “
Types :
•Hub
•Switch
•Router
•Modem

3. HUB:
 A hub is a networking device which is used to connect
multiple devices to a network.
Dumb device
Sends data package to all workstations on network which
cause network traffic
Poor security
Only used for small home networks

4. Generally used to connect computers in a LAN
Has many ports.

5. Switch:
A switch is a multiport device that improve network efficiency
It is a smart device
It sends specific packets of data to a specific computer on LAN
using MAC address
More secure than Hub
Used in large networking system like universities,offices
It supports unicast , multicast and broadcast.
Stores MAC table.

6. Learning MAC address:
Sending data from workstation a to b:
1.Sends data to all computers except the sender
It is called flooding technique.
2.Gets the MAC address of every computer.
Sending data from workstation b to a:
Now the switch table has the MAC address so
Data is easily transfer to workstation b.

7. Router:
A router is a device that forward data packets between computer
networks.
Router is connected to atleast 2 networks commonly two LANS or
WANS or a LAN and its ISPs network.
Stores routing table

10. Modem:
Modem stands for modulator and demodulator.
Conversion of digital signal to analogue on receiving data by computer is called modulation.
Conversion of analogue back into digital is called demodulation.
It is commonly used communication device
Modem send and receive data from one computer to another on the internet through
telephone lines.
Sending and receiving computer both must have modem.

12. THANKS