Router, switch, and hub are networking devices that connect and direct data traffic. Routers connect networks and forward packets based on IP addresses, allowing networks to span different protocols. Switches have multiple ports and can perform error checking before selectively forwarding packets to connected devices based on MAC or IP addresses. Hubs are the simplest devices and broadcast all data to all connected devices without intelligence about the best path, making them inefficient. Routers support WAN technologies and share a public IP with connected devices, switches can operate at layers 2 and 3, and hubs were used for small low traffic networks.

1. Router Switch and Hub

2. ROUTER
.Router forwards packets based on address just like a switch
.Router usually use the IP address to forward packets,which allow the
network to go across different protocols.
.Router forward packets based on Software while a switch forwards using
hardware
.Router support different Wide Area Network (WAN) technologies but
switch do not.
.Wireless routers have access point built in.the most common home use
for router is to share a broadband internet connection
.As the router has a public IP address which is shared with the network,
when data comes comes through the router, It is forwarded to the correct
computer

3. SWITCH
.A switch has multiple ports
.Switches can perform error checking before forwarding data ,
which are very efficient by not forwarding packets that error-end
out or forwarding good packets selectively to connect devices only
.Switches can support both layer 2 (based on MAC Address) and
layer 3 (Based on IP Address) depending on the type of switch.
.Usually, Large network use switches instead of hubs to connect
computers with in the same subsets

4. HUB
.Hub is known as the most simplest among the Router and Switch
.In general,hub is the central part of a wheel where the spokes come together.
.It cannot filter data.Data packets are sent to all connected devices,and there is
no intelligence to find out the best path fordata packets which then leads to
inefficiencies and wastage
.as a network product,a hub may include a group of
. Modem-cards :for dial-users
. A gateway card :for connection to a Local Area Network (LAN) and a connection
to a line
.Hubs are used on a small network where data transmission is not very high