This document summarizes common diseases and their causes in Huelva, Spain and Belfast, Northern Ireland in the past and present. In the past, infectious diseases like yellow fever, typhus, cholera, and smallpox were most common. Today, cancer, AIDS, diabetes and respiratory diseases are more prevalent. Pollution is a major factor influencing disease rates in Huelva, where cancer mortality is the highest in Spain due to industrial pollution. Prevention methods like a healthy diet, exercise, vaccination and reducing pollution are discussed.