This document summarizes information about combined oral contraceptive pills (COCPs), commonly known as birth control pills. It discusses that COCPs contain a combination of estrogen and progestogen that prevent pregnancy by inhibiting ovulation. The mechanism of action involves suppressing the hormones that cause ovulation. COCPs are taken daily for contraceptive purposes and can also be used to treat conditions like PCOS. Some potential side effects and drug interactions are outlined, as well as medical conditions that are contraindications for using COCPs.
Most oral contraceptives contain a combination of 2 types of hormones: an estrogen and a progestin. Both of these hormones are naturally found in women’s bodies. There are many different types of estrogens and progestins, and different types of pills contain different combinations, but they all work similarly. Some pills contain only progestin, sometimes called the “mini-pill.”
Most oral contraceptives contain a combination of 2 types of hormones: an estrogen and a progestin. Both of these hormones are naturally found in women’s bodies. There are many different types of estrogens and progestins, and different types of pills contain different combinations, but they all work similarly. Some pills contain only progestin, sometimes called the “mini-pill.”
A brief introduction regarding oxytocics & tocolytics which are the indispensable drugs in obstetrics. It consists of illustrative images, classification of drugs with their dosage, uses & side-effects along with contraindications
the presentation includes a definition of oral contraceptives, type of oral contraceptives, detail description of both types with its mode of action and potential beneficial and unwanted effects also include pharmacokinetics of oral contraceptives and knowledge of emergency contraceptives
Birth control pills (oral contraceptives) are prescription medications that prevent pregnancy.
Birth control (contraceptive) medications contain hormones (estrogen and progesterone, or progesterone alone).
A brief introduction regarding oxytocics & tocolytics which are the indispensable drugs in obstetrics. It consists of illustrative images, classification of drugs with their dosage, uses & side-effects along with contraindications
the presentation includes a definition of oral contraceptives, type of oral contraceptives, detail description of both types with its mode of action and potential beneficial and unwanted effects also include pharmacokinetics of oral contraceptives and knowledge of emergency contraceptives
Birth control pills (oral contraceptives) are prescription medications that prevent pregnancy.
Birth control (contraceptive) medications contain hormones (estrogen and progesterone, or progesterone alone).
Combined pill ,phased pill, post cotal pilla and mini pill.
Advantages and disadvantages with a note on adverse effects and contraindications of oral contraceptives with a note synthetic agents.
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Approach to patient with upper GIT bleeding
Approach to patient with upper GIT bleeding
Approach to patient with upper GIT bleeding
Approach to patient with upper GIT bleeding
Brucellosis is an enzootic infection (i.e. endemic in animal) caused by Gram-negative bacilli.
Infected animals may excrete Brucella spp, in their milk for prolonged periods and human infection is acquired by ingesting contaminated dairy products (especially unpasteurised milk), uncooked meat or offal.
Animal urine, faeces, vaginal discharge and uterine products may transmit infection through abraded skin or via splashes and aerosols to the respiratory tract and conjunctiva.
Brucellosis is an enzootic infection (i.e. endemic in animal) caused by Gram-negative bacilli.
Infected animals may excrete Brucella spp, in their milk for prolonged periods and human infection is acquired by ingesting contaminated dairy products (especially unpasteurised milk), uncooked meat or offal.
Animal urine, faeces, vaginal discharge and uterine products may transmit infection through abraded skin or via splashes and aerosols to the respiratory tract and conjunctiva.
Brucellosis is an enzootic infection (i.e. endemic in animal) caused by Gram-negative bacilli.
Infected animals may excrete Brucella spp, in their milk for prolonged periods and human infection is acquired by ingesting contaminated dairy products (especially unpasteurised milk), uncooked meat or offal.
Animal urine, faeces, vaginal discharge and uterine products may transmit infection through abraded skin or via splashes and aerosols to the respiratory tract and conjunctiva.
Brucellosis is an enzootic infection (i.e. endemic in animal) caused by Gram-negative bacilli.
Infected animals may excrete Brucella spp, in their milk for prolonged periods and human infection is acquired by ingesting contaminated dairy products (especially unpasteurised milk), uncooked meat or offal.
Animal urine, faeces, vaginal discharge and uterine products may transmit infection through abraded skin or via splashes and aerosols to the respiratory tract and conjunctiva.
Brucellosis is an enzootic infection (i.e. endemic in animal) caused by Gram-negative bacilli.
Infected animals may excrete Brucella spp, in their milk for prolonged periods and human infection is acquired by ingesting contaminated dairy products (especially unpasteurised milk), uncooked meat or offal.
Animal urine, faeces, vaginal discharge and uterine products may transmit infection through abraded skin or via splashes and aerosols to the respiratory tract and conjunctiva.
Brief presentation about sjogren's syndrome
Brief presentation about sjogren's syndrome
Brief presentation about sjogren's syndrome
Brief presentation about sjogren's syndrome
Brief presentation about sjogren's syndrome
Brief presentation about sjogren's syndrome
Brief presentation about sjogren's syndrome
Brief presentation about sjogren's syndrome
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
2. INTRODUCTION
• The combined oral contraceptive pill (COCP), often
referred to as the birth control pill
• Is a type of birth control that is designed to be taken
orally by women. It includes a combination of an estrogen
(usually ethinylestradiol) and a progestogen (specifically
a progestin)
• It alters the menstrual cycle to eliminate ovulation and
prevent pregnancy.
• Have many formulations include monophasic, diphasic
and triphasic.
3. MECHANISM OF ACTION
• Estrogen and progesterone have negative feedback effect
which decrease the pulse frequency of gonadotropin-releasing
hormone (GnRH) release by the hypothalamus, which
decreases the secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
and greatly decreases the secretion of luteinizing hormone
(LH) by the anterior pituitary.
• Decreased levels of FSH inhibit follicular development,
preventing an increase in estradiol levels. Progestogen
negative feedback and the lack of estrogen positive feedback
on LH secretion prevent a mid-cycle LH surge. Inhibition of
follicular development and the absence of an LH surge prevent
ovulation.
4. Contraceptive use
• Combined oral contraceptive pills are a type of oral medication
that is designed to be taken every day, at the same time of day,
in order to prevent pregnancy. There are many different
formulations or brands, but the average pack is designed to be
taken over a 28-day period, or cycle. For the first 21 days of
the cycle. The last 7 days of the cycle are hormone free days
(placebo pills).
Effectiveness
the estimated risk of getting pregnant is 0.3%, or about 3 in
1000 women on COCPs will become pregnant within one year.
6. DRUG INTERACTIONS
Some drugs reduce the effect of the pill and can cause
breakthrough bleeding, or increased chance of pregnancy.
These include drugs such as rifampicin, barbiturates,
phenytoin and carbamazepine. In addition cautions are
given about broad spectrum antibiotics, such as ampicillin
and doxycycline.
7. SIDE EFFECTS
• Nausea, vomiting, headache, bloating, breast tenderness, swelling of
the ankles/feet (fluid retention), or weight change may occur.
• Vaginal bleeding.
• Increase the risk of venous thromboembolism (including deep vein
thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE)).
• Increase the risk of ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction at
high doses.
• Increase in breast cancer risk.
• Depression (decrease of serotonin levels).
• Hypertension (increase bradykinin breakdown).
8. CONTRAINDICATION
• Cardiovascular disease (such as valvular heart disease or ischemic heart
disease), history of thromboembolism or pulmonary embolism,
cerebrovascular accident, migraine with aura, a familial tendency to form
blood clots (such as familial factor V Leiden), and in smokers over age 35.
• Advanced diabetes, liver tumors, hepatic adenoma or severe cirrhosis of the
liver.
• Breast cancer, endometrial cancer.
• Pregnancy.
• Women who are breastfeeding are also advised not to start COCPs until 4
weeks after birth due to increased risk of blood clots.
• Severe hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia.
