The document discusses various contraceptive methods including hormonal contraceptives like oral contraceptive pills, contraceptive patches, vaginal rings, injections, implants, IUDs, barrier methods, fertility awareness methods, and permanent sterilization. It provides details on how each method works, effectiveness, risks, benefits, and considerations for use. Hormonal contraceptives are generally the most effective reversible methods but can have side effects while barrier methods and fertility awareness require more user effort but have fewer health risks. Permanent sterilization is also discussed.
Most oral contraceptives contain a combination of 2 types of hormones: an estrogen and a progestin. Both of these hormones are naturally found in women’s bodies. There are many different types of estrogens and progestins, and different types of pills contain different combinations, but they all work similarly. Some pills contain only progestin, sometimes called the “mini-pill.”
1) The document discusses various contraceptive methods including hormonal methods (oral, injectable, implant), IUDs, and barrier methods.
2) It provides classifications for conditions regarding contraceptive use from categories 1 to 4 based on whether there are no restrictions, advantages outweigh risks, risks usually outweigh advantages, or risks are unacceptable.
3) Guidelines are given for clinical judgement in using contraceptive methods based on the condition categories.
This document discusses oral hormonal contraceptives, including combined oral contraceptive pills and progestogen-only pills. Combined pills contain estrogen and progestogen and work primarily by suppressing ovulation. They are highly effective at preventing pregnancy but must be taken correctly every day. Progestogen-only pills contain only progestogen and work mainly by thickening cervical mucus; they are less effective than combined pills. Both have benefits but also require strict use and have potential side effects. The document seeks to address common myths about contraceptive pills.
This document discusses hormonal contraception, including combined oral contraceptives (COCP), the contraceptive patch, vaginal ring, and progestogen-only methods. It covers the types of hormones used, modes of action, indications, contraindications, risks and side effects. Combined methods primarily prevent ovulation while also thickening cervical mucus and thinning the endometrium. Progestogen-only methods primarily work by thickening cervical mucus but can also prevent ovulation or thin the endometrium. Contraindications depend on medical conditions and are classified by the WHO. Risks include minor side effects as well as serious risks like blood clots and certain cancers.
The document discusses various topics related to contraception including:
1. Temporary contraceptive methods like pills, patches, rings, and injections act by stopping ovulation and thickening cervical mucus. They come in various hormone formulations and dosages.
2. Long-acting reversible contraceptives like IUDs and implants can provide contraception for years. IUDs with progestins can suppress ovulation while implants release progestins to thicken cervical mucus.
3. Other methods discussed include vaginal microbicides, tubal occlusion procedures, and emerging male contraceptives that aim to suppress sperm production.
The document provides a high-level overview of many common reversible contraceptive options,
The document provides information on the history, types, mechanism of action, dosing, monitoring, and side effects of oral contraceptive pills. It discusses:
- The history of oral contraceptives from their development in the 1950s-60s to become a widely used form of birth control.
- The two main types are combined estrogen-progestin pills and progestin-only pills.
- Their primary mechanism is preventing ovulation by inhibiting the hormones that cause ovulation, but they also thicken cervical mucus and thin the uterine lining.
- Pills are taken in various dosing patterns depending on the specific formulation. Monitoring is important for certain groups like older women, smokers, and
Most oral contraceptives contain a combination of 2 types of hormones: an estrogen and a progestin. Both of these hormones are naturally found in women’s bodies. There are many different types of estrogens and progestins, and different types of pills contain different combinations, but they all work similarly. Some pills contain only progestin, sometimes called the “mini-pill.”
1) The document discusses various contraceptive methods including hormonal methods (oral, injectable, implant), IUDs, and barrier methods.
2) It provides classifications for conditions regarding contraceptive use from categories 1 to 4 based on whether there are no restrictions, advantages outweigh risks, risks usually outweigh advantages, or risks are unacceptable.
3) Guidelines are given for clinical judgement in using contraceptive methods based on the condition categories.
This document discusses oral hormonal contraceptives, including combined oral contraceptive pills and progestogen-only pills. Combined pills contain estrogen and progestogen and work primarily by suppressing ovulation. They are highly effective at preventing pregnancy but must be taken correctly every day. Progestogen-only pills contain only progestogen and work mainly by thickening cervical mucus; they are less effective than combined pills. Both have benefits but also require strict use and have potential side effects. The document seeks to address common myths about contraceptive pills.
This document discusses hormonal contraception, including combined oral contraceptives (COCP), the contraceptive patch, vaginal ring, and progestogen-only methods. It covers the types of hormones used, modes of action, indications, contraindications, risks and side effects. Combined methods primarily prevent ovulation while also thickening cervical mucus and thinning the endometrium. Progestogen-only methods primarily work by thickening cervical mucus but can also prevent ovulation or thin the endometrium. Contraindications depend on medical conditions and are classified by the WHO. Risks include minor side effects as well as serious risks like blood clots and certain cancers.
The document discusses various topics related to contraception including:
1. Temporary contraceptive methods like pills, patches, rings, and injections act by stopping ovulation and thickening cervical mucus. They come in various hormone formulations and dosages.
2. Long-acting reversible contraceptives like IUDs and implants can provide contraception for years. IUDs with progestins can suppress ovulation while implants release progestins to thicken cervical mucus.
3. Other methods discussed include vaginal microbicides, tubal occlusion procedures, and emerging male contraceptives that aim to suppress sperm production.
The document provides a high-level overview of many common reversible contraceptive options,
The document provides information on the history, types, mechanism of action, dosing, monitoring, and side effects of oral contraceptive pills. It discusses:
- The history of oral contraceptives from their development in the 1950s-60s to become a widely used form of birth control.
- The two main types are combined estrogen-progestin pills and progestin-only pills.
- Their primary mechanism is preventing ovulation by inhibiting the hormones that cause ovulation, but they also thicken cervical mucus and thin the uterine lining.
- Pills are taken in various dosing patterns depending on the specific formulation. Monitoring is important for certain groups like older women, smokers, and
Drm science lecture 2 CONTRACEPTIVES AND IUDsRaghu Prasada
This document provides information about various contraceptive methods including birth control pills, intrauterine devices (IUDs), implants, injections, patches, and emergency contraception. It describes how each method works, appropriate usage, effectiveness, side effects, and health considerations. A wide range of hormonal and non-hormonal options are presented, with details on mechanisms of action, guidelines for use, effectiveness rates, benefits and risks.
This document summarizes different types of oral contraceptives including hormonal and non-hormonal options. It describes combined oral contraceptives which contain both estrogen and progesterone. Progestin-only and emergency contraceptives are also discussed. The mechanisms of action, advantages, disadvantages and side effects of each type are outlined. Guidelines for use, missed pill protocols, and medical eligibility criteria are provided.
- Hormonal contraceptives include injectables, progestin-only pills, combination pills, patches, rings, and implants. Combined methods contain estrogen and progestin while progestin-only methods avoid estrogen.
- Common side effects of hormonal contraceptives include changes to menstrual bleeding patterns, headaches, mood changes, and breast tenderness.
- Long-acting reversible contraceptives like IUDs and implants are the most effective reversible methods. IUDs can be copper or hormone-releasing and work mainly by preventing fertilization and implantation.
Oral contraceptive pills (OCPs), also known as birth control pills, contain a combination of estrogen and progestin hormones. Taken correctly, OCPs are over 99% effective at preventing pregnancy. There are different pill formulations including monophasic, biphasic, and triphasic pills. OCPs have significant health benefits but also some risks, such as a small increased risk of blood clots. Emergency contraceptive pills can also be used within 5 days of unprotected sex to prevent pregnancy.
The document discusses various methods of contraception including oral contraceptives, long-acting contraceptive injections, implants, intrauterine devices, and vaginal rings. It provides details on the components, effectiveness, use directions, side effects, and contraindications of different contraceptive methods. The summary focuses on key contraceptive options and their effectiveness rates based on studies.
This document discusses various methods of contraception, including hormonal methods like oral contraceptives, barrier methods, intrauterine devices, and surgical methods like tubal ligation and vasectomy. It provides details on the mechanisms of action, effectiveness, advantages, and disadvantages of different contraceptive options to help health care providers choose appropriate contraception based on individual clinical situations.
This document summarizes injectable contraceptives. There are two main types - progestogen-only injections which are effective for 2-3 months, and combined injections containing estrogen and progestogen effective for 1 month. Progestogen-only injections like DMPA are widely used and provide highly effective contraception through thickening cervical mucus and impairing ovulation. Combined injections like Mesigyna also suppress ovulation and are effective immediately with 1 injection. Common side effects include menstrual irregularities but are generally safe and reversible methods of contraception.
This document describes various hormonal contraceptive options, including their mechanisms of action, effectiveness, side effects, and appropriate patients. It discusses oral contraceptives containing different estrogen and progestin combinations, the contraceptive patch, injectables, rings, implants, and IUDs. It provides details on the benefits and risks of each method as well as contraindications. Emerging extended cycle oral contraceptives and a new subcutaneous injectable are also mentioned.
The document provides information on various contraceptive methods. It discusses:
1. Temporary contraceptive methods including barrier methods (condoms, diaphragms), intrauterine devices, and hormonal contraception (oral contraceptives, injections, patches, rings).
2. Permanent contraceptive methods include sterilization.
3. Oral contraceptives contain estrogen and progestin or just progestin. They prevent pregnancy primarily by suppressing ovulation and thickening cervical mucus. Side effects may include nausea, breast tenderness, and mood changes.
A slight description on contraception, its types along with a brief explanation on Oral Contraceptives. Types of oral contraceptives, it's types, mechanism of action, contraindications, dosing, advantages, disadvantages, risk, benefit amd recent research trends.
This document discusses various contraceptive methods including hormonal contraception, intrauterine devices, barrier methods, natural family planning, and sterilization. It provides details on the mechanisms of different hormonal methods like combined oral contraceptives, progestin-only pills, patches, injections, and vaginal rings. Benefits and risks of long-acting reversible contraceptives like implants and intrauterine devices are also outlined. Emergency contraception and natural family planning methods are briefly described. Contraindications and effectiveness of various contraceptive options are covered.
This document provides information about various contraceptive methods. It discusses natural family planning methods, mechanical methods like condoms and diaphragms, and hormonal methods like oral contraceptive pills, injectables, implants, and intrauterine devices. For each method, it covers efficacy, mechanisms of action, usage instructions, benefits, side effects, and risks. The ideal is described as a contraceptive that is safe, effective, free of side effects, available, acceptable to users, and does not impact future fertility.
This document discusses various contraceptive methods including oral contraceptives, implants, injectables, IUDs, barriers, fertility awareness, sterilization, and emergency contraception. It describes how each method works, effectiveness, side effects, advantages, disadvantages, proper usage, and contraindications. Common contraceptives discussed in detail are combined and progestin-only oral contraceptives, transdermal patch, implants such as Norplant, injectables like Depo-Provera, copper and hormonal IUDs, and emergency contraception pills.
This document provides an overview of various contraceptive methods, including hormonal methods like oral contraceptives, implants, and injections. Intrauterine devices (IUDs) and the intrauterine system (IUS) are discussed as mechanical methods. The document reviews how each method works, effectiveness rates, potential side effects, and other considerations. It also addresses some common misconceptions about contraception and cancer/weight risk. Overall, the document aims to educate about reproductive health and the different options available for preventing pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections.
Hormone therapy in postmenopausal womenMayuriSimon
This document discusses hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for postmenopausal women. It defines menopause and describes the hormonal changes that occur. It explains that HRT can help relieve menopausal symptoms, prevent osteoporosis, and maintain quality of life. However, HRT also carries some risks like breast and endometrial cancer if not administered properly. The document discusses the various HRT preparations available, recommended durations of use, and the importance of monitoring women receiving HRT.
Family planning: is defined as "educational, comprehensive medical or social activities and services which enable individuals, including minors, to determine freely the number and spacing of their children and to select the means by which this may be achieved.
Birth control: Birth control is the use of any practices, methods, or devices to prevent pregnancy from occurring in a sexually active woman. Also referred to as family planning, pregnancy prevention, fertility control, or contraception; birth control methods are designed either to prevent fertilization of an egg or implantation of a fertilized egg in the uterus. Birth control methods may be reversible or irreversible.
Contraception: (birth control) prevents pregnancy by interfering with the normal process of ovulation, fertilization, and implantation. There are different kinds of birth control that act at different points in the process.
Benefits of Family planning
Women/family
• Better health
• Less physical/emotional strain
• Improved quality of life
• Increased educational opportunities
• Increased economic opportunities
• More energy for household activities
• More energy for personal development and community activities
For Children:
• Better health
• More food and other resources available
• Greater opportunity for emotional support from parents
• Better opportunity for education
Factors that affect on the decision of using contraception:
• husband involvement
• Effectiveness--statistics show two numbers:
- Failure rate: no. of women per 100 who become pregnant after 1 yr. when using a birth control consistently & correctly
- Typical use failure rate: takes into account improper or inconsistent use
• Cost
• Ease of use
• Side effects
Family planning methods
• Hormone-based contraceptives
6 types
1) Oral contraceptives (pills)
2) Vaginal ring
3) Transdermal patch
4) Injected hormones
5) Hormonal implants
6) Hormonal IUDs
Oral contraceptives pills
Types of Contraceptives Pills
Combined oral contraceptives (COCs)
Most widely used
Contain both estrogen & progestagen
Triphasic pill
Levels of hormones (estrogen & progestin) fluctuate during cycle
Progestin-only pills (POPs)
Contain only a progestagen, mostly Levonorgestrel (no estrogen).
Especially suitable for breastfeeding women.
How hormonal contraceptives work
FSH & LH trigger ovulation
How to use oral contraceptives
The document discusses various methods of contraception, their effectiveness, side effects, and appropriate usage. It covers hormonal methods like combined oral contraceptives (pills), patches, rings, and progestogen-only pills, implants, and injections. It also discusses intrauterine devices (IUDs), barrier methods, natural family planning, and sterilization. Effectiveness depends on how the method works and how easy it is to use correctly. Side effects vary by method but can include changes to bleeding patterns, mood changes, weight gain, and risk of ectopic pregnancy if failure occurs. Appropriate medical factors are also outlined for selecting the best contraceptive option.
PCOD,How are they different ??Difficulties & Solutions made Easy , Dr. Sharda...Lifecare Centre
Tremendous advances and extensive human studies have uncovered the complexity and management of PCOD
Global prevalence -2.2% to 26% Roughly 1 in 15 women worldwide, (Lancet, 2007)
This document summarizes oral contraceptives, including combined pills, phased pills, progestin-only pills, and emergency contraceptive pills. It discusses how hormonal contraceptives work to suppress fertility through inhibition of ovulation and thickening of cervical mucus. Potential side effects are outlined ranging from non-serious issues like nausea to serious health risks like blood clots. Contraindications and drug interactions are also summarized.
Hormonal contraceptive- medical information ( all about hormonal contracepti...martinshaji
Hormonal contraception refers to birth control methods that act on the endocrine system. Almost all methods are composed of steroid hormones, although in India one selective estrogen receptor modulator is marketed as a contraceptive.Hormonal methods of birth control prevent eggs from being released from the ovaries, thicken cervical mucus to prevent sperm from entering the uterus, and thin the lining of the uterus to prevent implantation. Hormone pills come in packs. Most packs contain 3 weeks of hormone pills.
this describes all the aspects of hormonal contraceptives in brief .
please comment
thank uuuuu
TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by...Donc Test
TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler, Verified Chapters 1 - 33, Complete Newest Version Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler, Verified Chapters 1 - 33, Complete Newest Version Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition TEST BANK by Stamler Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Chapters Download Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Download Stuvia Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Study Guide Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Ebook Download Stuvia Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Questions and Answers Quizlet Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Studocu Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Quizlet Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Chapters Download Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Download Course Hero Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Answers Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Ebook Download Course hero Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Questions and Answers Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Studocu Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Pdf Chapters Download Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Pdf Download Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Study Guide Questions and Answers Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Ebook Download Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Questions Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Studocu Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Stuvia
Drm science lecture 2 CONTRACEPTIVES AND IUDsRaghu Prasada
This document provides information about various contraceptive methods including birth control pills, intrauterine devices (IUDs), implants, injections, patches, and emergency contraception. It describes how each method works, appropriate usage, effectiveness, side effects, and health considerations. A wide range of hormonal and non-hormonal options are presented, with details on mechanisms of action, guidelines for use, effectiveness rates, benefits and risks.
This document summarizes different types of oral contraceptives including hormonal and non-hormonal options. It describes combined oral contraceptives which contain both estrogen and progesterone. Progestin-only and emergency contraceptives are also discussed. The mechanisms of action, advantages, disadvantages and side effects of each type are outlined. Guidelines for use, missed pill protocols, and medical eligibility criteria are provided.
- Hormonal contraceptives include injectables, progestin-only pills, combination pills, patches, rings, and implants. Combined methods contain estrogen and progestin while progestin-only methods avoid estrogen.
- Common side effects of hormonal contraceptives include changes to menstrual bleeding patterns, headaches, mood changes, and breast tenderness.
- Long-acting reversible contraceptives like IUDs and implants are the most effective reversible methods. IUDs can be copper or hormone-releasing and work mainly by preventing fertilization and implantation.
Oral contraceptive pills (OCPs), also known as birth control pills, contain a combination of estrogen and progestin hormones. Taken correctly, OCPs are over 99% effective at preventing pregnancy. There are different pill formulations including monophasic, biphasic, and triphasic pills. OCPs have significant health benefits but also some risks, such as a small increased risk of blood clots. Emergency contraceptive pills can also be used within 5 days of unprotected sex to prevent pregnancy.
The document discusses various methods of contraception including oral contraceptives, long-acting contraceptive injections, implants, intrauterine devices, and vaginal rings. It provides details on the components, effectiveness, use directions, side effects, and contraindications of different contraceptive methods. The summary focuses on key contraceptive options and their effectiveness rates based on studies.
This document discusses various methods of contraception, including hormonal methods like oral contraceptives, barrier methods, intrauterine devices, and surgical methods like tubal ligation and vasectomy. It provides details on the mechanisms of action, effectiveness, advantages, and disadvantages of different contraceptive options to help health care providers choose appropriate contraception based on individual clinical situations.
This document summarizes injectable contraceptives. There are two main types - progestogen-only injections which are effective for 2-3 months, and combined injections containing estrogen and progestogen effective for 1 month. Progestogen-only injections like DMPA are widely used and provide highly effective contraception through thickening cervical mucus and impairing ovulation. Combined injections like Mesigyna also suppress ovulation and are effective immediately with 1 injection. Common side effects include menstrual irregularities but are generally safe and reversible methods of contraception.
This document describes various hormonal contraceptive options, including their mechanisms of action, effectiveness, side effects, and appropriate patients. It discusses oral contraceptives containing different estrogen and progestin combinations, the contraceptive patch, injectables, rings, implants, and IUDs. It provides details on the benefits and risks of each method as well as contraindications. Emerging extended cycle oral contraceptives and a new subcutaneous injectable are also mentioned.
The document provides information on various contraceptive methods. It discusses:
1. Temporary contraceptive methods including barrier methods (condoms, diaphragms), intrauterine devices, and hormonal contraception (oral contraceptives, injections, patches, rings).
2. Permanent contraceptive methods include sterilization.
3. Oral contraceptives contain estrogen and progestin or just progestin. They prevent pregnancy primarily by suppressing ovulation and thickening cervical mucus. Side effects may include nausea, breast tenderness, and mood changes.
A slight description on contraception, its types along with a brief explanation on Oral Contraceptives. Types of oral contraceptives, it's types, mechanism of action, contraindications, dosing, advantages, disadvantages, risk, benefit amd recent research trends.
This document discusses various contraceptive methods including hormonal contraception, intrauterine devices, barrier methods, natural family planning, and sterilization. It provides details on the mechanisms of different hormonal methods like combined oral contraceptives, progestin-only pills, patches, injections, and vaginal rings. Benefits and risks of long-acting reversible contraceptives like implants and intrauterine devices are also outlined. Emergency contraception and natural family planning methods are briefly described. Contraindications and effectiveness of various contraceptive options are covered.
This document provides information about various contraceptive methods. It discusses natural family planning methods, mechanical methods like condoms and diaphragms, and hormonal methods like oral contraceptive pills, injectables, implants, and intrauterine devices. For each method, it covers efficacy, mechanisms of action, usage instructions, benefits, side effects, and risks. The ideal is described as a contraceptive that is safe, effective, free of side effects, available, acceptable to users, and does not impact future fertility.
This document discusses various contraceptive methods including oral contraceptives, implants, injectables, IUDs, barriers, fertility awareness, sterilization, and emergency contraception. It describes how each method works, effectiveness, side effects, advantages, disadvantages, proper usage, and contraindications. Common contraceptives discussed in detail are combined and progestin-only oral contraceptives, transdermal patch, implants such as Norplant, injectables like Depo-Provera, copper and hormonal IUDs, and emergency contraception pills.
This document provides an overview of various contraceptive methods, including hormonal methods like oral contraceptives, implants, and injections. Intrauterine devices (IUDs) and the intrauterine system (IUS) are discussed as mechanical methods. The document reviews how each method works, effectiveness rates, potential side effects, and other considerations. It also addresses some common misconceptions about contraception and cancer/weight risk. Overall, the document aims to educate about reproductive health and the different options available for preventing pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections.
Hormone therapy in postmenopausal womenMayuriSimon
This document discusses hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for postmenopausal women. It defines menopause and describes the hormonal changes that occur. It explains that HRT can help relieve menopausal symptoms, prevent osteoporosis, and maintain quality of life. However, HRT also carries some risks like breast and endometrial cancer if not administered properly. The document discusses the various HRT preparations available, recommended durations of use, and the importance of monitoring women receiving HRT.
Family planning: is defined as "educational, comprehensive medical or social activities and services which enable individuals, including minors, to determine freely the number and spacing of their children and to select the means by which this may be achieved.
Birth control: Birth control is the use of any practices, methods, or devices to prevent pregnancy from occurring in a sexually active woman. Also referred to as family planning, pregnancy prevention, fertility control, or contraception; birth control methods are designed either to prevent fertilization of an egg or implantation of a fertilized egg in the uterus. Birth control methods may be reversible or irreversible.
Contraception: (birth control) prevents pregnancy by interfering with the normal process of ovulation, fertilization, and implantation. There are different kinds of birth control that act at different points in the process.
Benefits of Family planning
Women/family
• Better health
• Less physical/emotional strain
• Improved quality of life
• Increased educational opportunities
• Increased economic opportunities
• More energy for household activities
• More energy for personal development and community activities
For Children:
• Better health
• More food and other resources available
• Greater opportunity for emotional support from parents
• Better opportunity for education
Factors that affect on the decision of using contraception:
• husband involvement
• Effectiveness--statistics show two numbers:
- Failure rate: no. of women per 100 who become pregnant after 1 yr. when using a birth control consistently & correctly
- Typical use failure rate: takes into account improper or inconsistent use
• Cost
• Ease of use
• Side effects
Family planning methods
• Hormone-based contraceptives
6 types
1) Oral contraceptives (pills)
2) Vaginal ring
3) Transdermal patch
4) Injected hormones
5) Hormonal implants
6) Hormonal IUDs
Oral contraceptives pills
Types of Contraceptives Pills
Combined oral contraceptives (COCs)
Most widely used
Contain both estrogen & progestagen
Triphasic pill
Levels of hormones (estrogen & progestin) fluctuate during cycle
Progestin-only pills (POPs)
Contain only a progestagen, mostly Levonorgestrel (no estrogen).
Especially suitable for breastfeeding women.
How hormonal contraceptives work
FSH & LH trigger ovulation
How to use oral contraceptives
The document discusses various methods of contraception, their effectiveness, side effects, and appropriate usage. It covers hormonal methods like combined oral contraceptives (pills), patches, rings, and progestogen-only pills, implants, and injections. It also discusses intrauterine devices (IUDs), barrier methods, natural family planning, and sterilization. Effectiveness depends on how the method works and how easy it is to use correctly. Side effects vary by method but can include changes to bleeding patterns, mood changes, weight gain, and risk of ectopic pregnancy if failure occurs. Appropriate medical factors are also outlined for selecting the best contraceptive option.
PCOD,How are they different ??Difficulties & Solutions made Easy , Dr. Sharda...Lifecare Centre
Tremendous advances and extensive human studies have uncovered the complexity and management of PCOD
Global prevalence -2.2% to 26% Roughly 1 in 15 women worldwide, (Lancet, 2007)
This document summarizes oral contraceptives, including combined pills, phased pills, progestin-only pills, and emergency contraceptive pills. It discusses how hormonal contraceptives work to suppress fertility through inhibition of ovulation and thickening of cervical mucus. Potential side effects are outlined ranging from non-serious issues like nausea to serious health risks like blood clots. Contraindications and drug interactions are also summarized.
Hormonal contraceptive- medical information ( all about hormonal contracepti...martinshaji
Hormonal contraception refers to birth control methods that act on the endocrine system. Almost all methods are composed of steroid hormones, although in India one selective estrogen receptor modulator is marketed as a contraceptive.Hormonal methods of birth control prevent eggs from being released from the ovaries, thicken cervical mucus to prevent sperm from entering the uterus, and thin the lining of the uterus to prevent implantation. Hormone pills come in packs. Most packs contain 3 weeks of hormone pills.
this describes all the aspects of hormonal contraceptives in brief .
please comment
thank uuuuu
TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by...Donc Test
TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler, Verified Chapters 1 - 33, Complete Newest Version Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler, Verified Chapters 1 - 33, Complete Newest Version Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition TEST BANK by Stamler Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Chapters Download Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Download Stuvia Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Study Guide Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Ebook Download Stuvia Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Questions and Answers Quizlet Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Studocu Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Quizlet Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Chapters Download Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Download Course Hero Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Answers Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Ebook Download Course hero Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Questions and Answers Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Studocu Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Pdf Chapters Download Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Pdf Download Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Study Guide Questions and Answers Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Ebook Download Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Questions Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Studocu Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Stuvia
TEST BANK For Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 14th Edition by Bertram G. Kat...rightmanforbloodline
TEST BANK For Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 14th Edition by Bertram G. Katzung, Verified Chapters 1 - 66, Complete Newest Version.
TEST BANK For Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 14th Edition by Bertram G. Katzung, Verified Chapters 1 - 66, Complete Newest Version.
TEST BANK For Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 14th Edition by Bertram G. Katzung, Verified Chapters 1 - 66, Complete Newest Version.
TEST BANK For Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 14th Edition by Bertram G. Katzung, Verified Chapters 1 - 66, Complete Newest Version.
Histololgy of Female Reproductive System.pptxAyeshaZaid1
Dive into an in-depth exploration of the histological structure of female reproductive system with this comprehensive lecture. Presented by Dr. Ayesha Irfan, Assistant Professor of Anatomy, this presentation covers the Gross anatomy and functional histology of the female reproductive organs. Ideal for students, educators, and anyone interested in medical science, this lecture provides clear explanations, detailed diagrams, and valuable insights into female reproductive system. Enhance your knowledge and understanding of this essential aspect of human biology.
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic ApproachAyurveda ForAll
Explore the benefits of combining Ayurveda with conventional Parkinson's treatments. Learn how a holistic approach can manage symptoms, enhance well-being, and balance body energies. Discover the steps to safely integrate Ayurvedic practices into your Parkinson’s care plan, including expert guidance on diet, herbal remedies, and lifestyle modifications.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
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2. Pregnancy rates at 1 year approach 90 percent for sexually active fertile
women who do not use contraception.
Because ovulation often precedes menstruation, young women should
be advised to use contraception whenever they begin sexual activity.
Providing contraceptive advice for the woman nearing menopause is
harder, because it is difficult to predict when fertility has ended.
3. Oral steroidal contraceptives
Injected steroidal contraceptives
Intrauterine devices
Transdermal and transvaginal steroidal contraceptives
Physical, chemical, or barrier techniques
Sexual abstinence around the time of ovulation
Breast feeding
Permanent sterilization
4.
5.
6.
7. Pill -Combination oral contraceptives (COCs)-
consist of a combination of estrogen and progestin,
Mini pill (consist of a progestin)
Injection,
Transdermal patch,
Implant,
Transvaginal ring.
8. These typically consist of a combination of an estrogen and a progestational agent
Taken daily for 3 weeks and then stopped for 1 week,
Longer durations of active hormone administration, designed to minimize
withdrawal bleeding.
The most important effect is to prevent ovulation by suppression of hypothalamic
gonadotropin-releasing factors, which in turn prevents pituitary secretion of follicle-
stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH).
Estrogen suppresses FSH release and stabilizes the endometrium to prevent
metrorrhagia.
Progestins inhibit ovulation by suppressing LH, they thicken cervical mucus to
retard sperm passage, and they render the endometrium unfavorable for
implantation.
ovulation suppression, inhibition of sperm migration, and creation of an unfavorable
endometrium for implantation. Thus, combined oral contraceptives, if taken daily for
3 out of every 4 weeks, provide virtually absolute protection against conception.
9. Increased bone density
Reduced menstrual blood loss and anemia
Decreased risk of ectopic pregnancy
Improved dysmenorrhea from endometriosis
Fewer premenstrual complaints
Decreased risk of endometrial and ovarian cancer
Reduction in various benign breast diseases
Inhibition of hirsutism progression
Improvement of acne
Prevention of atherogenesis
Decreased incidence and severity of acute salpingitis
Decreased activity of rheumatoid arthritis
10. Lipids and Lipoproteins –
COCs increase serum triglyceride and total cholesterol levels.
Estrogen decreases concentration of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and
increases high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol.
Carbohydrate Metabolism -Concern over deterioration in glucose tolerance,
mediated principally by the progestin, is no longer warranted with current
formulations. COCs do not increase the risk of diabetes Combination oral
contraceptives may be used in women who have diabetes not complicated by
associated vascular disease.
Protein Metabolism -Estrogens increase hepatic production of a variety of
globulins. Increased angiotensinogen production appears to be dose related, and
its conversion by renin to angiotensin I has been suspected to be associated with
so-called pill-induced hypertension (Hypertension). Fibrinogen, and likely factors II,
VII, IX, X, XII, and XIII, are increased in direct proportion to estrogen dose . The
incidences of both forms of thrombosis appear to be estrogen-dose related.
11. Liver Disease -Cholestasis and cholestatic jaundice are uncommon complications of
oral contraceptives. If they develop, signs and symptoms clear when the COCs are
stopped.
Neoplasia -A stimulatory effect on some cancers is always a concern with female
sex steroids.
Liver Cancer -contraceptives with larger estrogen doses were linked
circumstantially with hepatic focal nodular hyperplasia and benign hepatic adenoma.
low-dose oral contraceptives do not support such an association .
Prolonged oral contraceptive use with hepatocellular carcinoma.
Cervical Cancer-There is a correlation between the risk of cervical dysplasia and oral
contraceptive use, and the the risk of cervical cancer increases after 5 years.
Breast Cancer- Current data neither support nor refute an association
between COCs and ovarian or breast cancer among women heterozygous
for BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes.
Nutrition- Lower plasma levels are reported for ascorbic and folic acid, vitamin B6
(pyridoxine) and vitamin B12, niacin, riboflavin, and zinc.
13. Effects on Reproduction -Postpill amenorrhea after combination hormonal
contraception discontinuation likely reflects a pre-existing problem. At least
90 percent of women who previously ovulated regularly will do so within 3
months after discontinuance of oral contraceptives.
Lactation -
There are limited data on the interaction of COCs and lactation. Minute
quantities of the hormones are excreted in the breast milk, but no adverse
effects on infants have been noted.
Because progestin-only oral contraceptives have little effect on lactation,
they are preferred for up to 6 months in women who are exclusively
breast feeding (Oral Progestins).
Those who are only intermittently breast feeding should use effective
contraception beginning as soon as 3 weeks postpartum.
Weight Gain
14. Cervical mucorrhea- the mucus at times may be irritating to the vagina and vulva.
Vaginitis or vulvovaginitis, especially that caused by Candida species, also may
develop.
Hyperpigmentation of the face and forehead— known as chloasma—is more
likely in women who demonstrated such a change during pregnancy.
Uterine leiomyomas -do not increase in size with oral contraceptive use . Low-
dose estrogen formulations are not associated with depression, and indeed, may
cause it to improve .
Hormonal contraception does not prevent the transmission of HIV infection or any
other viral infection.
Risk of Death --Mortality associated with oral contraceptives is rare if a woman is
younger than 35, has no systemic illness, and does not smoke.
Postpartum Use- Women who do not breast feed may ovulate before 6 weeks after
pregnancy. To starting oral contraceptives before the traditional 6-week postpartum
examination.
15. Thrombophlebitis or thromboembolic disorders
History of deep vein thrombophlebitis or thrombotic disorders
Cerebrovascular or coronary artery disease
Thrombogenic cardiac valvulopathies
Thrombogenic heart arrhythmias
Diabetes with vascular involvement
Severe hypertension
Known or suspected breast carcinoma
Carcinoma of the endometrium or other known or suspected estrogen-
dependent neoplasia
Undiagnosed abnormal genital bleeding
Cholestatic jaundice of pregnancy or jaundice with pill use
Hepatic adenomas or carcinomas or active liver disease with abnormal liver
function
Known or suspected pregnancy
Major surgery with prolonged immobilization
16.
17. The combined contraceptive approved patch is applied to the buttocks, upper outer
arm, lower abdomen, or upper torso but avoiding the breasts.
It delivers 150 g of the progestin, norelgestromin, and 20 g of ethinyl estradiol daily.
A new patch is applied each week for 3 weeks, followed by a patch-free week to
allow for withdrawal bleeding.
The benefits, risks, and contraindications of the transdermal contraceptive patch
are generally similar to those of combined hormonal oral contraceptives. Both
methods offer highly effective, reversible, noncoital-based contraception, but are
subject to adverse estrogen-related side effects.
18. Therapeutic effects are achieved at lower peak doses since first-pass hepatic
metabolism and enzymatic degradation in the gastrointestinal tract are avoided.
Plasma hormone levels remain constant (peaks and troughs do not occur).
Sustained drug delivery reduces the need for frequent self-administration, and thus
may improve patient compliance.
The nonoral route of administration is useful for patients who have difficulty
swallowing pills.
Immediate cessation of drug administration is possible with removal of the
transdermal system.
Although data are limited, there is a possibility of an increased risk of venous
thromboembolism (VTE) in patch users compared to users of estrogen-progestin
oral contraceptives.
19.
20. INTRODUCTION — Combined (estrogen-progestin) hormonal
contraception is a popular method of contraception worldwide and is
highly effective when used consistently and correctly.
Its a flexible polymer ring with an outer diameter of 54 mm and an inner
diameter of 50 mm .
Its core contains ethinyl estradiol and the progestin, etonogestrel, which
are released at rates of 15 g and 120 g per day, respectively.
Although this results in serum hormone levels lower than comparable
low-dose oral contraceptives, ovulation inhibition is complete.
The contraceptive vaginal ring offers the same benefits as oral
contraceptives (OCs), but has the advantage that daily user compliance is
not required.
The ring is left in place for three weeks and then removed for a single
ring-free week
21.
22.
23. There is only one combination preparation for intramuscular injection.
This contraceptive contains 25 mg of medroxyprogesterone acetate plus 5 mg of
estradiol cypionate.
One injection is given monthly.
The drug inhibits ovulation and suppresses endometrial proliferation .
Serum estradiol values reach a peak level by 3 to 4 days postinjection and then
decline, leading to withdrawal bleeding 20 to 25 days after injection .
24.
25.
26. Oral Progestins -Progestin-only pills, also known as mini-pills, are taken daily.
Unlike COCs, they do not reliably inhibit ovulation.
Rather, their effectiveness depends more on cervical mucus alterations and
effects on the endometrium.
Because the mucus changes do not persist beyond 24 hours, to be maximally
effective it should be taken at the same time every day.
These contraceptives have not achieved widespread popularity because of a
much higher incidence of irregular bleeding and a slightly higher pregnancy rate
than combination contraceptives
Progestin-only pills have minimal if any effect on carbohydrate metabolism or
coagulation, and they do not cause or exacerbate hypertension.
They may be ideal for some women who are at increased risk of cardiovascular
complications.
Mini-pill is often an excellent choice for lactating women.
In combination with breast feeding, it is virtually 100-percent effective for up to 6
months and does not impair milk production.
33. At one time in the United States, approximately 7 percent of
sexually active women used an intrauterine device (IUD) for
contraception.
The two devices currently approved for use:
Copper-containing ParaGard
and levonorgestrel-containing Mirena
34.
35. Levonorgestrel-Containing Intrauterine Device
The Mirena device releases levonorgestrel into the uterus at a relatively constant rate
of 20 g/d, which reduces the systemic effects of the progestin. It is a T-shaped
polyethylene structure that has its stem wrapped with a cylinder made of
polydimethylsiloxane and levonorgestrel. A permeable membrane surrounds the
mixture to regulate the rate of hormone release. A monofilament brown polyethylene
thread is attached to a small loop at the distal end of the device's vertical body.
Copper-Containing Intrauterine Device
The ParaGard T 380A device is composed of polyethylene with barium sulfate.
36.
37. These contraceptives are marketed variously as creams, jellies, suppositories,
film, and foam in aerosol containers. They are used widely in this country,
especially by women who find other methods unacceptable. They are useful
especially for women who need temporary protection.
Spermicides work by providing a physical barrier to sperm penetration as
well as a chemical spermicidal action. The active ingredient is nonoxynol-9
or octoxynol-9.
Spermicides must be deposited high in the vagina in contact with the
cervix shortly before intercourse. Their duration of maximal effectiveness is
usually no more than 1 hour.
38.
39.
40.
41. These techniques, including any modifications, basically consist of:
1. Ligation and resection at minilaparotomy, as described earlier for puerperal
sterilization (Interval Partial Salpingectomy).
2. The application of a variety of permanent rings or clips to the fallopian
tubes, usually by laparoscopy (Laparoscopic Sterilization).
3. Electrocoagulation of a segment of the oviducts, also usually through a
laparoscope ( Laparoscopic Sterilization).
42.
43. Through a small incision in the scrotum, the lumen of the vas deferens is
disrupted to block the passage of sperm from the testes. With local
analgesia, the procedure is usually performed within 20 minutes.