Colon cancer develops slowly over many years, usually beginning as a non-cancerous polyp in the colon or rectum. Regular screening through tests such as fecal occult blood tests, flexible sigmoidoscopy, or colonoscopy can find polyps before they become cancerous. Finding and removing polyps can reduce the risk of colon cancer by 60-90%. If colon cancer is detected early through screening, it is often highly curable. The document recommends regular screening beginning at age 50 or earlier for those with risk factors like family history of colon cancer.