Why a Cold? (Who, What, When, Where, Why)
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The Cold War was a period of hostility between the United States and Soviet Union from the late 1940s to early 1990s. It arose due to tensions between capitalist West and communist East as communism spread across Eastern Europe and Asia following WWII. The Cold War was fought through arms races, space races, sports competitions, propaganda, and proxy wars as each side aimed to contain the influence and military power of the other through maintaining nuclear deterrence and competing for dominance globally and in new technologies. Ultimately, the Soviet Union's communist system proved economically unsustainable and collapsed in 1991, with the US emerging as the sole superpower.
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Fidel Castro led a successful revolution in 1959 against the corrupt dictator Fulgencio Batista. Castro established a communist government in Cuba and seized private property, angering the United States. The US imposed an economic embargo on Cuba and cut off trade. Cuba then allied with the Soviet Union, leading to heightened tensions during the Cold War, including the 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis when Soviet nuclear missiles in Cuba brought the US and USSR to the brink of nuclear war. The embargo on Cuba remains in place today.
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1. The United States entered World War 1 in 1917 after Germany intensified its submarine warfare and announced unrestricted submarine warfare.
2. This caused the sinking of passenger ships like the Lusitania, which killed American citizens and turned American public opinion against Germany.
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The document summarizes key events in the European theater of World War 2. It describes the rise of fascism in Europe in the 1930s under Hitler in Germany and Mussolini in Italy. It then outlines Germany's aggression and violations of treaties, the failed appeasement policy of Britain and France, and Germany's invasion of Poland which started WWII. The summary also briefly discusses the early war period including the Phony War and Germany's swift conquest of Western European nations. It notes major battles like Stalingrad which marked a turning point against Germany on the Eastern Front. Finally, it outlines the Allied invasions of German-occupied territories through operations like D-Day and the Battle of the Bulge, culminating in Germany
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World War 2 was caused by rising nationalism, imperialism, and militarism in Germany, Italy, and Japan in the 1930s. These fascist regimes were led by dictators like Hitler, Mussolini, and Tojo who took control of their nations, built up their militaries, and sought to expand their territories, ignoring international treaties. They took advantage of economic troubles to promise national renewal through aggression. The Western democracies failed to effectively counter the aggression and Germany, Italy, and Japan became emboldened, ultimately leading to World War 2.
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The Cuban Missile Crisis arose when U.S. spy planes discovered Soviet nuclear missiles installed in Cuba, just 90 miles from Florida. President John F. Kennedy imposed a naval blockade of Cuba and demanded the missiles' removal. For 13 days, the U.S. and USSR brought the world to the brink of nuclear war before the Soviets removed the missiles, easing tensions. The crisis highlighted the dangers of the Cold War and led to new communication between the superpowers.
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The Cold War began in 1945 after World War II and lasted until 1991. It was a period of intense rivalry and hostility between the United States and the Soviet Union, who emerged as the two dominant superpowers after WWII. Both nations increased military spending and built up nuclear arsenals, risking global destruction through nuclear war. The conflict included numerous proxy wars around the world and heightened tensions, such as the Cuban Missile Crisis that brought the world close to nuclear war. In the late 1980s, reforms in the Soviet Union under Gorbachev led to the fall of the Berlin Wall and the eventual dissolution of the Soviet Union, bringing an end to the over 40-year long Cold War.
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The cold war
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The cold war for u.s. history
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Presentation1history
The Cold War was a period of geopolitical tension between the Eastern Bloc nations led by the Soviet Union and the Western Bloc nations led by the United States from the mid-1940s until the early 1990s. Though they did not engage in direct military combat, the two superpowers engaged in espionage, propaganda, arms races, and proxy wars. Tensions escalated throughout the 1950s and 1960s, with events like the Cuban Missile Crisis bringing the world close to nuclear war. In the late 1980s, reforms under Mikhail Gorbachev in the Soviet Union led to the dissolution of the Eastern Bloc and the end of the Cold War.
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The document summarizes the nuclear arms race between the United States and Soviet Union from 1945 to the early 1960s. It describes key events like the US developing the atomic bomb and Soviet detonating their first atomic bomb in 1949. Both countries raced to develop more powerful hydrogen bombs and intercontinental ballistic missiles to deliver nuclear warheads. This led to rising tensions until the limited Nuclear Test Ban Treaty in 1963.
An overview of the cold war
After WWII, tensions rose between the capitalist United States and communist Soviet Union as they emerged as the two dominant superpowers. Both sides sought to spread their influence and demonstrate military superiority, engaging in nuclear and conventional arms races. Key events in the Cold War included the division of Germany and establishment of communist states in Eastern Europe, as well as hotspots like the Korean War, Berlin Wall, Cuban Missile Crisis, and Vietnam War as the two sides backed opposing forces around the world.
Causes of the Cuban Missile Crisis – Arms race
The document discusses the arms race between the United States and Soviet Union during the Cold War, and how it contributed to the Cuban Missile Crisis. It describes how both countries continually developed more powerful weapons, from the US developing the atomic bomb first in 1945 to both countries developing hydrogen bombs by the 1950s. It explains that the Soviet placement of nuclear missiles in Cuba in 1962 was an attempt to counter the US nuclear advantage and directly threaten the US mainland in response to US nuclear weapons placed near the Soviet Union.
COLD WAR website.pptx
The document summarizes several key outcomes and events during the Cold War era following World War II. It discusses the formation of the United Nations to prevent future global wars. It also describes the occupations and divisions of Japan and Germany as well as the ruins left in Europe. The Cold War was then defined as a 45-year competition between the capitalist United States and its allies against the communist Soviet Union and Eastern Bloc over ideological differences. Major events and policies on both the international front and home front in the US are outlined, including the Truman Doctrine, NATO, the Warsaw Pact, the Korean War, and McCarthyism.
The cold war for u.s. history meow swag mynnt
The Cold War began in 1945 after WWII and lasted until the dissolution of the USSR in 1991. It represented the ideological battle between Western democracies led by the US and Eastern communist states led by the Soviet Union. Early cooperation at Yalta broke down due to mutual distrust, with the Soviets dominating Eastern Europe and the US implementing containment policies like the Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan. The Berlin Blockade and NATO/Warsaw Pact formation divided Europe. An arms and space race escalated tensions during crises like the Cuban Missile Crisis. The Cold War spilled over into proxy wars in Korea and Vietnam before ending with revolutions against communist rule in Eastern Europe in 1989.
1. cold war and cuba overview
The document provides definitions for key terms related to the Cold War such as the Truman Doctrine, Communism, the Marshall Plan, Capitalism, and the USSR. It then contrasts the core beliefs of capitalism versus communism. Finally, it outlines some of the major events of the early Cold War period from 1945-1963, including the Yalta and Potsdam conferences, the Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan, the Berlin Blockade, and the Cuban Missile Crisis.
Cold war events
The document summarizes key events of the Cold War, including the arms race between the US and Soviet Union where both nations developed nuclear weapons and missile systems in a balance of power. It also outlines the Korean War where North Korea invaded South Korea and China later intervened, as well as the Vietnam War where the US entered to stop the spread of communism but was eventually forced to leave and South Vietnam fell to communism.
Cold war 09 review
The Cold War was an ideological struggle between capitalist democracies led by the US and communist states led by the Soviet Union. While they never directly fought, they engaged in espionage, propaganda, and proxy wars. The US policy of containment aimed to prevent the spread of communism. Canada participated in Cold War alliances like NATO and NORAD and contributed peacekeepers to UN missions. However, Canada also struggled to balance its relationship with the US and maintain an independent cultural and economic identity.
Space Race
The Cold War of Space Exploration
By Chamour Labbe
Note: Plenty of effects, viewed best if downloaded and played via powerpoint.
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The document defines several key terms related to populism and third parties in US history. It describes the Grange Movement which advocated for farmers' economic and political power. It also discusses the Munn v. Illinois Supreme Court case which allowed more state regulation of businesses like railroads. The Interstate Commerce Commission was created to regulate railroads and ensure fair rates. The Populist Party represented farmers in the 1890s advocating for issues like free silver coinage and controlling monopolies. William Jennings Bryan gave his famous "Cross of Gold" speech attacking the gold standard, and William McKinley later became president pursuing imperialist policies. Third parties aim to bring new voices and groups into politics and give expression to discontent with the two major
Immigration/Urbanization
This document defines key terms related to immigration and urbanization in the late 19th and early 20th centuries in the United States. It describes push and pull factors that influenced immigration, as well as characteristics of new immigrants from Europe, such as coming from Eastern or Southern Europe, being non-English speakers, poor, and facing discrimination. It also defines ethnic ghettos, nativists, Americanization, the Chinese Exclusion Act, urbanization, demography, tenement housing, political machines controlled by political bosses.
Industrialization & Gilded Age
This document defines key terms related to industrialization and the Gilded Age in the United States, including:
- The Bessemer Process which cheaply made steel starting in the 1850s, enabling the transcontinental railroad finished in 1869.
- Inventors like Alexander Graham Bell and Thomas Edison who developed new technologies like the telephone and light bulb.
- The rise of large corporations, monopolies led by figures like John D. Rockefeller, and the social/economic tensions between the wealthy "Captains of Industry" and working classes.
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The document defines key terms related to Westward Expansion in the United States including: the frontier, Great Plains, Klondike Gold Rush, Homestead Act, Indian Wars, reservations, Dawes Act, and American Indian Citizenship Act. Specifically, it provides definitions for frontier lands at the furthest extent of settlement, the flatlands of the Great Plains prone to erosion and dust storms, the Klondike Gold Rush that drew prospectors to Canada in the 1890s, the Homestead Act of 1862 that gave citizens land, conflicts between Native Americans and the government over removal to reservations, the reservation system established in the 1850s, the Dawes Act that broke up reservations and distributed land privately, and the Act that
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The document discusses various propaganda tools and techniques used during World War 1 to promote the war effort and demonize the enemy. These tools included emotional appeals by portraying the enemy as evil or a threat, using patriotic symbols to appeal to national pride, disseminating half-truths and misinformation to blame the enemy, coining catchy slogans, and employing evocative visual symbols. Propaganda also made use of humor and caricatures targeting the enemy. The goal of propaganda was to recruit soldiers, generate financial support, and unify public opinion behind the war effort.
Wwi
WWI began with US neutrality but eventually involved the US when German U-boats sank civilian ships like the Lusitania, killing Americans. Germany resumed unrestricted submarine warfare and the US learned of Germany trying to ally with Mexico against the US. In 1917, Wilson asked Congress to declare war. Over 2 million American troops fought alongside Allies in major battles in 1918, breaking the stalemate and forcing Germany to surrender in 1919. The resulting Treaty of Versailles held Germany responsible for the war and imposed penalties while creating a League of Nations.
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This document summarizes the conflicts between Native Americans and European settlers/Americans from the 15th century onwards. It discusses the different concepts of land ownership and government between Native Americans and settlers, which led to conflicts over land and treaties. It also notes the racism Native Americans faced from American politicians and military leaders. The effects on Native American tribes included the forced removal of tens of thousands from their ancestral lands onto crowded, unsanitary reservations with little economic opportunity. Even with the establishment of reservations, Native Americans continued to face challenges to their culture and livelihoods from westward expansion.
Beat the STAAR
The document provides tips for taking the STAAR test, which consists of 68 multiple choice questions across four categories: history, geography/culture, government/citizenship, and economics/science/technology/society. It recommends the E-R-A approach to answering questions: examine the question, recall what you know, and apply what you know. A practice question asks about the characteristics of muckrakers in the early 1900s, with the answer being that they exposed abuses in society and government. The document stresses the importance of learning what is needed to do well on the test over the next 10 weeks before retaking the STAAR.
Obama
Barack Obama was elected president in 2008, becoming the first black president in US history. He inherited ongoing wars and a struggling economy from George W. Bush's administration. During his presidency, Obama worked to reform healthcare, approved the mission that killed Osama bin Laden, and dealt with high national debt, though his full legacy is still to be determined.
Bush
The document summarizes key political events during the administrations of Bill Clinton, George W. Bush, and Barack Obama. It discusses the 2000 election where Al Gore won the popular vote but George W. Bush secured more electoral votes and became president following a controversial recount in Florida. It also outlines the September 11th terrorist attacks, the US invasion of Iraq in 2003 seeking weapons of mass destruction though none were found, and debates around George W. Bush's legacy regarding the timing of 9/11 and necessity of the Iraq war.
Clinton
Bill Clinton defeated incumbent George H. W. Bush in the 1992 presidential election. During Clinton's presidency, the economy experienced strong growth with low unemployment and budget surpluses. However, Clinton was impeached in 1998 for lying about an affair with White House intern Monica Lewinsky, although the Senate did not convict him.
Bush sr.
George H.W. Bush was elected president in 1988, becoming the first sitting vice president elected to the presidency since Martin Van Buren in 1836. During his one term as president, Bush oversaw Operation Desert Storm in response to Iraq's invasion of Kuwait, launching a military campaign that successfully liberated Kuwait by February 1991 though Saddam Hussein remained in power in Iraq.
Reagan
The document discusses the presidencies of Ronald Reagan and George H. W. Bush from 1981 to 1993. It outlines some key accomplishments and controversies of Ronald Reagan's time as president, including working with Mikhail Gorbachev to help reform the Soviet Union, being re-elected in a landslide in 1984, and escalating defense spending. However, it also notes the Iran-Contra scandal and increase in the federal budget deficit under Reagan. The Challenger space shuttle disaster that occurred in 1986 is also mentioned.
Carter
Jimmy Carter served as president from 1977-1981. His presidency was challenged by economic struggles including an energy crisis and auto industry collapse. He also struggled to resolve international crises such as the Iran hostage crisis and Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. These issues contributed to Carter losing reelection in 1980 to Ronald Reagan.
Watergate notes
Richard Nixon was elected president in 1968 and re-elected in a landslide in 1972. However, in June 1972 five men were arrested for breaking into the Democratic National Committee headquarters in the Watergate office complex. This began the Watergate scandal that eventually led to Nixon's resignation. Investigations by the Senate committee and a special prosecutor revealed Nixon's involvement in the cover-up of White House connections to the burglary. As more information came out through hearings and subpoenaed tapes, Nixon lost public and political support. He resigned in August 1974 before the House could impeach him to avoid almost certain removal from office.
1920s presidential leadership notes
Woodrow Wilson suffered a stroke in 1919 that weakened him. His wife unofficially took over presidential duties until Wilson's death in 1924. Warren Harding won the 1920 election promising normalcy after World War I and Wilson's support for the failed League of Nations. Harding had some successes but many of his appointees engaged in corruption, damaging his reputation. Calvin Coolidge finished Harding's term and won election in 1924, but his laissez-faire policies failed to prevent economic problems that led to the Great Depression. Herbert Hoover was president from 1929-1933, but the stock market crash occurred 8 months into his term and his preference for individualism over government assistance exacerbated the Depression.
End of WWI
World War I ended in 1918 with Germany's surrender after facing troubles on the home front and with the entry of American troops. In 1919, the Allied Powers met at the Paris Peace Conference to determine the post-war settlement. The resulting Treaty of Versailles punished Germany by assigning war guilt, imposing reparations, taking territory, and limiting its military. However, the treaty was controversial and rejected in some countries, failing to achieve a lasting peace and sowing resentment in Germany that allowed Hitler to rise to power and start World War II.
Political Machines
Political machines like Tammany Hall offered rewards like jobs and benefits to entice people to vote for them, often using bribery and illegal activities. Tammany Hall helped immigrants in exchange for votes, giving jobs or improving living conditions. This system of political patronage spread to the federal level, putting unqualified people in government jobs. The Pendleton Civil Service Act of 1883 helped address this by creating a commission to give civil service jobs based on merit rather than politics.
1900s Skyscrapers & Slums
Skyscrapers were invented in the US in the 1870s in major cities like Chicago and New York using structural iron and steel instead of masonry. Builders faced challenges with safety standards, wind resistance, ventilation, and transportation within the tall buildings. By the late 19th century, skyscrapers were understood to be steel-framed structures, and between 1902-1931 New York engaged in competition to build the world's tallest building, though the size and height of skyscrapers was controversial due to issues like lack of sunlight and increased density. Rapid urbanization and immigration in the late 19th/early 20th century resulted in widespread slum conditions in major US cities, as tenement housing with poor sanitation became over
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Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
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1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
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Why a Cold? (Who, What, When, Where, Why)
- 1. The Cold War Outcome: Why a Cold War?
- 2. Why a cold war? 1. Setting the stage: During and After WWII a. The U.S. and Soviet Union were allies during WWII b. Both counties spied on each other during WWII c. Both wanted to share as little as possible in the victory over the axis powers d. Communism was spreading i. ii. iii. iv. Stalin took over Eastern Europe ---> The Iron Curtain Mao Zedong created the People’s Republic of China in 1949 North Korea Vietnam
- 4. Why a cold war? 2. Five W’s & How: a. What was it and who fought it? i. Hostility between post-WWII superpowers: The U.S. (Free World) versus USSR (Communist World) ii. Would last about 45 years iii. Neither country directly fought one another
- 6. Why a cold war? b. Where was it fought? i. Wherever Communism threatened globally
- 7. Why a cold war? c. How was it fought? i. Arms Race (each side built up huge nuclear arsenals) 1. 1949 – USSR achieved an Atomic Explosion 2. Technology on both sides led to advanced: a. Destructive power b. Numbers of weapons (Mutually Assured Destruction) c. Methods of delivery Goal: Maintain the “balance of power” or if possible, gain the advantage
- 8. Why a cold war? ii. Space Race (1957-1969) 1. Launching satellites (sputnik 1957; Soviet victory) 2. Race to the moon (U.S. victory)
- 9. Why a cold war? iii. Sports and Movies 1. Olympic Games served as a Cold War battlefield
- 10. 1980 Winter olympics • US team coached by Herb Brooks • Soviet Union won the gold medal in hockey in 1956, 1964, 1968, 1972, & 1976 • US team was made up of college amateurs • US won semi-final game • US would go on to win gold • Seen as more than a hockey game • Considered greatest sports moment in history
- 11. Why a cold war? iii. Sports and Movies 1. Olympic Games served as a Cold War battlefield 2. Stereotypes: a. We portrayed the Soviets as cold & ruthless b. They portrayed Americans as spoiled & undisciplined Goal: To prove physical superiority iv. A Race for World Influence Goal: To outnumber the opponent (U.S. Goal = Containment)
- 12. Why a cold war? d. Why did the U.S. win the Cold War? In the long run, USSR’s weaker Communist system could not keep up the race; economic collapse ii. Mikhail Gorbachev was elected in USSR in 1985 (introduced democratic reforms) iii. Soviet Union collapsed in 1991 i.