Cold chain management involves maintaining the proper temperature and humidity conditions for food products as they move through the supply chain from farm to customer. Perishable foods in particular require cold chain to slow microbial growth and enzymatic reactions that cause spoilage. The cold chain system includes equipment like pre-coolers and cold storage to keep foods frozen or refrigerated at the optimal temperatures during transport, storage, and distribution to preserve quality and extend shelf life. Proper packaging also acts as a barrier against contaminants and moisture that could lead to deterioration.
Individual Quick Freezing (IQF) is a food preservation method that freezes small portions of food separately to prevent clumping. In the IQF process, individual food items are conveyed on a belt into a blast chiller where they are frozen separately and remain separate after freezing. This individual freezing method helps retain food quality by preventing damage caused when multiple food pieces freeze together. There are two main types of IQF freezers - mechanical freezers that use circulating cold air, and cryogenic freezers that immerse food in liquid nitrogen. IQF is commonly used to freeze fruits, vegetables, meats, fish and ready-to-eat products for long shelf life.
Methods of slaughtering, processing & postmortem changes and ageing of meatmahabubcvasu
This presentation provides information on slaughtering animals and meat processing. It discusses the humane slaughter method which involves stunning, bleeding, skinning, eviscerating, and refrigerating carcasses. Traditional methods like Jewish shechita, Muslim halal, and Sikh jhatka are also described. The document outlines the proper treatment of animals prior to slaughter through resting, watering, feeding, and fasting. The steps of slaughtering cattle and small ruminants are explained in detail along with skinning, evisceration, splitting, washing, and dressing carcasses. Postmortem changes like acidification and rigor mortis that affect meat quality are also summarized.
This document discusses the packaging and storage of eggs. It outlines various container requirements including being made from suitable material, strong, and able to properly close. Common containers mentioned are simple baskets, filler trays, and polystyrene packages. Packaging protects eggs and provides advantages like preventing damage and advertising the product. Storage techniques covered are lime water treatment, water glass method, waxing/oil treatment, thermostabilization, use of gases, drying, refrigeration, and freezing.
This document provides an overview of various beverage types including non-alcoholic, carbonated, and alcoholic beverages. For non-alcoholic beverages, it describes the production processes for coffee, tea, and juices. For carbonated soft drinks, it discusses preparation, carbonation, and factors influencing taste and odor in plastic containers. For alcoholic beverages, it summarizes the processes for beer, wine, and factors affecting their shelf life such as oxidation. The document concludes with references for further information.
This document discusses meat quality and hygiene. It defines meat quality based on composition, appearance, smell, firmness, juiciness, tenderness and flavor. Visual identification of quality meat considers color, marbling and water retention. Smell, firmness, juiciness, tenderness and flavor are also described. Meat hygiene aims to prevent contamination during processing through cleanliness, minimizing growth with temperature control, and reducing microbes with heat treatment. Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) provides a framework to identify hazards and implement controls at critical points to ensure safety. Good Hygienic Practices (GHP) also guide hygienic meat processing.
This document discusses defects in canned foods. It begins by introducing canning as a food preservation method using heat and airtight containers. Foods are categorized as low acid, acid, or high acid based on pH. Spoilage can occur if spores survive heating or from recontamination. Types of spoilage include swelling, flippers, and leakages. Spoilage is caused by thermophilic bacteria, anaerobes, or chemical reactions producing gases. The type of spoilage depends on the food's acidity and common spoilage microorganisms for each category are identified. Yeasts and molds can also cause spoilage if underprocessing or leaks occur.
This document discusses retort pouch processing for food products. Retort pouches allow for sterile packaging of foods through cooking under high pressure and heat. This increases shelf life while maintaining freshness. The document examines the materials used for retort pouches and the processing steps. It provides advantages like reduced heating time and easier distribution. A case study on ginger-garlic paste in retort pouches analyzes processing conditions and quality characteristics. The conclusion is that retort packaging enhances acceptance of ready meals and provides competition to canned foods.
Cold chain management involves maintaining the proper temperature and humidity conditions for food products as they move through the supply chain from farm to customer. Perishable foods in particular require cold chain to slow microbial growth and enzymatic reactions that cause spoilage. The cold chain system includes equipment like pre-coolers and cold storage to keep foods frozen or refrigerated at the optimal temperatures during transport, storage, and distribution to preserve quality and extend shelf life. Proper packaging also acts as a barrier against contaminants and moisture that could lead to deterioration.
Individual Quick Freezing (IQF) is a food preservation method that freezes small portions of food separately to prevent clumping. In the IQF process, individual food items are conveyed on a belt into a blast chiller where they are frozen separately and remain separate after freezing. This individual freezing method helps retain food quality by preventing damage caused when multiple food pieces freeze together. There are two main types of IQF freezers - mechanical freezers that use circulating cold air, and cryogenic freezers that immerse food in liquid nitrogen. IQF is commonly used to freeze fruits, vegetables, meats, fish and ready-to-eat products for long shelf life.
Methods of slaughtering, processing & postmortem changes and ageing of meatmahabubcvasu
This presentation provides information on slaughtering animals and meat processing. It discusses the humane slaughter method which involves stunning, bleeding, skinning, eviscerating, and refrigerating carcasses. Traditional methods like Jewish shechita, Muslim halal, and Sikh jhatka are also described. The document outlines the proper treatment of animals prior to slaughter through resting, watering, feeding, and fasting. The steps of slaughtering cattle and small ruminants are explained in detail along with skinning, evisceration, splitting, washing, and dressing carcasses. Postmortem changes like acidification and rigor mortis that affect meat quality are also summarized.
This document discusses the packaging and storage of eggs. It outlines various container requirements including being made from suitable material, strong, and able to properly close. Common containers mentioned are simple baskets, filler trays, and polystyrene packages. Packaging protects eggs and provides advantages like preventing damage and advertising the product. Storage techniques covered are lime water treatment, water glass method, waxing/oil treatment, thermostabilization, use of gases, drying, refrigeration, and freezing.
This document provides an overview of various beverage types including non-alcoholic, carbonated, and alcoholic beverages. For non-alcoholic beverages, it describes the production processes for coffee, tea, and juices. For carbonated soft drinks, it discusses preparation, carbonation, and factors influencing taste and odor in plastic containers. For alcoholic beverages, it summarizes the processes for beer, wine, and factors affecting their shelf life such as oxidation. The document concludes with references for further information.
This document discusses meat quality and hygiene. It defines meat quality based on composition, appearance, smell, firmness, juiciness, tenderness and flavor. Visual identification of quality meat considers color, marbling and water retention. Smell, firmness, juiciness, tenderness and flavor are also described. Meat hygiene aims to prevent contamination during processing through cleanliness, minimizing growth with temperature control, and reducing microbes with heat treatment. Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) provides a framework to identify hazards and implement controls at critical points to ensure safety. Good Hygienic Practices (GHP) also guide hygienic meat processing.
This document discusses defects in canned foods. It begins by introducing canning as a food preservation method using heat and airtight containers. Foods are categorized as low acid, acid, or high acid based on pH. Spoilage can occur if spores survive heating or from recontamination. Types of spoilage include swelling, flippers, and leakages. Spoilage is caused by thermophilic bacteria, anaerobes, or chemical reactions producing gases. The type of spoilage depends on the food's acidity and common spoilage microorganisms for each category are identified. Yeasts and molds can also cause spoilage if underprocessing or leaks occur.
This document discusses retort pouch processing for food products. Retort pouches allow for sterile packaging of foods through cooking under high pressure and heat. This increases shelf life while maintaining freshness. The document examines the materials used for retort pouches and the processing steps. It provides advantages like reduced heating time and easier distribution. A case study on ginger-garlic paste in retort pouches analyzes processing conditions and quality characteristics. The conclusion is that retort packaging enhances acceptance of ready meals and provides competition to canned foods.
The design of haccp plan for potato chips plant in bangladeshIstiak Mostofa
This document outlines the design of a Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) plan for a potato chips plant in Bangladesh. It describes the potato chips production process and identifies potential food safety hazards like pathogens. The HACCP control chart shows the critical control points during frying and packaging where controls like temperature and time monitoring are implemented. The plan is intended to prevent, eliminate or reduce food safety hazards to acceptable levels and ensure the production of safe potato chips.
Condensed milks are the products obtained by evaporating part of the water of whole milk, or fully or partly skimmed milk, with or with without the addition of sugar.
This document outlines the key topics covered in five units on the technology of meat, poultry, and fish processing. Unit I discusses meat composition, muscle structure, post-mortem chemistry, and microbiology. Unit II focuses on modern abattoir operations, equipment, handling facilities, and the effects on meat quality. Unit III covers chilling, freezing, canning, curing, and packaging of meat products. Unit IV is about the poultry industry, processing, equipment, and packaging. Unit V examines commercially important marine products from India and their preservation, transportation, and processing into products.
This document discusses the implementation of Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) in milk industries. It outlines the 7 principles of HACCP and identifies potential biological, chemical, and physical hazards at each processing stage - from raw milk collection through packaging and cold storage. Critical control points are established for pasteurization and product storage. Monitoring, corrective actions, verification, and record keeping procedures are described to control hazards and ensure food safety.
Meat Processing and Preservation with Packaging (Meat Product, Tenderness, Flavour and Tendrenes, Flavouring, Colour, Integral Texture, Preservation: Moisture Retention and Surface Protection, Antimicrobial Treatment, Ionizing Radiation, Packaging and Handling for Storage and Transportation, Cooking Methods)
Meat was originally processed to preserve it, but since the various procedures cause so many changes in texture and flavour it is also a means of adding variety to the diet. Processing also provides scope to mix the less desirable parts of the carcass with lean meat and in addition is a means of extending meat supplies by including other foodstuffs such as cereal in the product. Food preservation is a method of maintaining foods at a desired level of properties or nature for their maximum benefits. Preservation usually involves preventing the growth of bacteria, yeasts, fungi, and other microorganisms (although some methods work by introducing bacteria, or fungi to the food), as well as retarding the oxidation of fats which cause rancidity.
See more
https://goo.gl/YRqr8m
https://goo.gl/FSXUtw
https://goo.gl/Oz3dFy
Contact us:
Niir Project Consultancy Services
106-E, Kamla Nagar, Opp. Spark Mall,
New Delhi-110007, India.
Email: npcs.ei@gmail.com , info@entrepreneurindia.co
Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886, 8800733955
Mobile: +91-9811043595
Website: www.entrepreneurindia.co , www.niir.org
Tags
Methods for Preserving Meat, Methods of Processing and Preservation of Meat, Meat Preservation Techniques, Meat Preservation, Ways to Preserve Meat, Meat Preservation Methods, Preservation of Meat and Meat Products, Methods of Processing Meat, Preserving Meat, Curing and Smoking Meats For Preservation, How to Preserve Meat With Salt, Meat Products Preservation, How to Preserve Meats, Preservation of Meat, Processing and Preserving of Meat, Meat Preparation and Preservation, Meat Preservation and Storage, Steps to Meat Preservation, Smoking & Meat Preservation, Dehydration to Preserve Meats, Meat Cooking Methods and Preservation, Cooking and Preserving Meat, Meat Processing Equipment, Meat Processing, Meat Packing Industry, Meat Processing Plants, Meat Processing Techniques, Meat Processing Industry, Meat Processing Machines, Meat Processing & Meat Products, Small Meat Plant and Business Plans, Business Plan for Small Meat Plant, Starting Meat Processing Business, How to Start Meat Processing Business, Meat Processing Business, Business Plan for Meat Processing, Meat Processing Business Plan, Planning Small Meat-Packing Business, Small Scale Meat Processing, Meat Processing and Packaging Business, Meat Processing Plant Business, Meat Processing Plant Business Plan in India, Planning for Small Meat-Packing Business, Meat-Packing Business, Meat Packing Plants, Beginner's Guide to Meat Packaging, Packaging of Meat, Meat Packaging Machines and Equipment, Meat Storage & Packaging
RETORT PROCESSING BY Dr.P.RAJKUMAR-HOD (F&PE)kurinchisiva
The document discusses retort packaging and processing. It defines retort as a closed chamber that can withstand high temperatures and pressures used for sterilization. It describes the various types of retorts including batch, continuous, steam, water spray, and agitating retorts. It also discusses retort pouches, their construction and materials, products packaged in pouches, and the advantages of retort packaging over other methods.
TECHNOLOGY OF MEAT, FISH AND POULTRY PRODUCTSMohit Jindal
TECHNOLOGY OF MEAT, FISH AND POULTRY PRODUCTS
Introduction to Indian meat, fish and poultry industry Preparatory operations of meat and meat products
Composition of muscle, Different types of slaughtering methods, Different types of meatents, Antimortam and post-mortem inspection of animal/slaughtered animal, Abattoir – Definition and construction; basic preparatory procedures (culmination, emulsification, pre-blending) Cured and smoked meats, sausage products – classification, processing steps, and canned meat, meat pickles
Handling and Dressing of Poultry
Inspection of poultry birds, dressing and preparation of ready to cook poultry, factors affecting the quality
Egg and Egg Products Structure, chemical composition and nutritive value, spoilage of eggs and preservation of whole egg and egg products, preparation of egg powder
5. Fish and Fish Products (06 hrs)
Types of fish, composition and nutritive value, judging the freshness of fish, fish grading and cooking of fish, smoking, pickling, salting and dehydration, preservation of fish and processed fish products
6. Frozen Storage of fresh and processed meat, poultry and fish (04 hrs)
7. By-products of meat, fish, poultry and egg industry (06 hrs)
HANDLING, TRANSPORTATION AND STORAGE OF FOODSMohit Jindal
This document discusses the handling, transportation, and storage of various foods including grains, fruits, vegetables, animal foods, milk, and eggs. It covers the importance of minimizing post-harvest losses through proper handling and identifies factors that can lead to food spoilage such as physiological, chemical, and microbial changes during storage. Effective handling practices including pre-cooling, disinfection, and controlling temperature, oxygen, and light levels are described to maintain quality and prevent spoilage after foods are harvested.
The document discusses value addition and processing of poultry products in India. It notes that the poultry sector has transformed from backyard activity to large commercial operations. It describes various value added egg and meat products that have been developed like pickled eggs, salted chicken eggs, egg rolls, etc. It also discusses key trends in the poultry market like convenience products and new packaging innovations. Finally, it outlines potential for traditional meat products in India due to availability of meats, demand for variety/convenience, and opportunities for value addition.
Freezing is a method of food preservation where heat is removed from food to reduce its temperature below its freezing point, causing ice crystals to form. The best preservation occurs between -1 and -5°C, where maximal ice formation occurs, then moving quickly to at least -18°C. Freezing prevents microbial growth and slows chemical reactions by reducing water activity and temperature. However, freezing can also cause quality losses through physical damage from ice crystal formation, as well as chemical and biochemical changes. The rate of freezing impacts these losses, with faster freezing producing smaller ice crystals and better maintaining quality.
This document provides information about Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) planning in the red meat industry. It discusses red meat production in India, the components of the meat industry, and processing steps from receiving animals to packaging and freezing. Key processing steps include ante mortem and post-mortem examination, chilling, deboning, and packaging. Critical control points are identified for various processing steps. Standard sanitation operating procedures are outlined for facilities like the slaughterhouse, processing room, smokehouse, and coolers. Equipment used in meat processing like grinders, cutters, stuffers, and smokehouses are also described.
This document provides an overview of the ice cream industry in India and covers definitions, classifications, and the role of key ingredients in ice cream. It begins with some background on the growth of ice cream production in India from 1966 to present. It then defines ice cream according to FSSAI regulations and covers common classifications including plain, nut/chocolate, fruit, and novelty ice creams. The roles and advantages/limitations of important ingredients like milk fat, milk solids, sugars, stabilizers, emulsifiers, air, flavors, and colors are discussed.
HACCP PLAN FOR FRUIT JUICE INDUSTRY[000157]Ajna Alavudeen
This document outlines the HACCP plan for a fruit juice industry. It discusses the seven principles of HACCP, which include identifying food hazards, establishing critical control points, monitoring procedures, and corrective actions. The company produces ready-to-serve fruit juices, concentrates, and candies. Potential biological, chemical and physical hazards are identified for each processing step from receiving fruits to packaging. Critical control points and limits are established for steps like thermal processing. Monitoring and documentation procedures are in place to control hazards and ensure food safety.
A retort pouch or retortable pouch is a type of food packaging made from a laminate of flexible plastic and metal foils. It allows the sterile packaging of a wide variety of food and drink handled by aseptic processing, and is used as an alternative to traditional industrial canning methods
This document provides information on food processing plant layout and design. It discusses the objectives of plant layout which include minimizing material handling costs and maximizing space utilization. It also describes different types of layouts like product layout, process layout, and combination layout. Additional topics covered include principles of layout, location factors for industries, facility layout, and specific layouts for different food processing units like potato chips, soft drinks, and instant breakfasts. The document emphasizes hygienic design of facilities along with efficient material and information flow.
The document discusses packaging for beverages in India. It covers non-carbonated beverages like fruit juices, coffee, and tea, as well as carbonated drinks. Common packaging materials include glass, metal cans, plastic bottles and aseptic cartons. Plastic is increasingly used for fruit juices due to its ability to be hot-filled and provide longer shelf life. Bag-in-box systems are also used for some beverages. The document outlines factors to consider for different beverage types like acidity, enzymes, and oxygen permeability.
The document discusses the process of poultry processing from slaughtering to packaging. It begins by defining key terms like abattoir and carcass. It then describes the traditional and modern methods of slaughtering including steps like stunning, sticking, bleeding, scalding, picking and evisceration. After slaughtering, the processing steps discussed are chilling, grading, packaging and storage. The document also provides information on poultry meat properties, grading systems and popular chicken products. It concludes by noting that while India has a large poultry market, modern slaughter techniques have yet to be widely adopted.
HACCP for the safety of Livestock ProductsDr. IRSHAD A
The document provides an overview of Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) systems for ensuring food safety. It discusses the history and definitions of HACCP, the seven principles of HACCP including hazard analysis, identifying critical control points, establishing monitoring procedures, and record keeping. The document also includes an example decision tree for determining critical control points.
This document discusses meat storage, preparation, and cooking. It covers various methods of preserving meat including vacuum sealing, freezing, and drying. It explains how different preservation methods like these can help prevent food spoilage by slowing water loss and inhibiting microbial growth. The document also summarizes common methods of cooking meat, including convection, conduction, and radiation, and how factors like cooking time and temperature can affect meat tenderness.
India is an agricultural-based economy and is the largest producer of fruits and vegetables in the world. Fruits & vegetables, being perishable in nature require certain techniques of preservation for retaining the quality and extend the self-life of the production. The estimated annual production of fruits and vegetables in the country is about 130 million tonnes. The cold storage & cold chain facilities are the prime infrastructural component for such perishable commodities.
Cold storage is a temperature – controlled supply chain network, with storage and distribution activities carried out in a manner such that the temperature of a product is maintained in a specified range, needed to keep it fresh and edible for a much longer period than in normal ambient conditions.
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Are you planning to set up Potato Cold Storage, Business consultancy, Business consultant, Business Plan - Cold Store Storage Cold storage, Business Planning Cold Storage & Warehouse, Business Planning for a Cold Storage Facility, Cold room, cold storage (controlled atmosphere or ca) for potato, cold storage business, cold storage business model, cold storage business opportunity, cold storage business plan ppt, Cold Storage Consultant, cold storage cost of construction, cold storage for plantation and horticulture produce, cold storage industry trends, cold storage investment cost, cold storage profit and loss, cold storage project cost in India, Cold Storage Scheme, Cold Storage Unit for Fresh Onions, Cold Storage unit Projects, cold storage warehouse construction cost, Cold Storage: Hot Investment, Cold Storages and Controlled Atmosphere Storages, Cold truth of storage units, Complete Cold storage plant machinery, Construction of Cold Storage, Excellent opportunity in investing in 'cold-storages', Frozen Food Technology, How to Start a Cold Storage Business: Startup Business, How to start a warehouse and cold storage, How to Start Cold Storage Industry in India, is cold storage a profitable business in India, Most Profitable Cold Storage Business Ideas, Niir, NPCS, Onion Cold Storage, Perspectives on cold storage investment opportunities, Popular Cold Storage Book, Process technology books, profit in cold storage business in India, Project consultancy, Project consultant, Small-scale Cold Storage for Fruit and Vegetables in India, Start Your Own Cold Storage Unit, Starting a Cold Storage Business, Starting a Cold Storage Warehouses Business, Steps to Start Up a Freezer Warehouse, Process technology book on cold storage, cold storage book
The COOLMEAT project aimed to develop an alternative rapid cooling method for cooked meat that improved food safety and quality compared to conventional vacuum cooling. Testing showed the immersion vacuum cooling (IVC) prototype reduced cooling times by 40-70% compared to air blast cooling and had lower weight losses than vacuum cooling alone. Sensory analysis found IVC produced meat with comparable texture, tenderness and juiciness to traditionally cooled meat. IVC is a more affordable and effective cooling method that allows meat processors to meet EU regulatory guidelines.
We are now providing CHICKEN FEETS for some countries in the world and we like to introduce you our product because we have the best quality and the best prices. Someone interested in this business?
The design of haccp plan for potato chips plant in bangladeshIstiak Mostofa
This document outlines the design of a Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) plan for a potato chips plant in Bangladesh. It describes the potato chips production process and identifies potential food safety hazards like pathogens. The HACCP control chart shows the critical control points during frying and packaging where controls like temperature and time monitoring are implemented. The plan is intended to prevent, eliminate or reduce food safety hazards to acceptable levels and ensure the production of safe potato chips.
Condensed milks are the products obtained by evaporating part of the water of whole milk, or fully or partly skimmed milk, with or with without the addition of sugar.
This document outlines the key topics covered in five units on the technology of meat, poultry, and fish processing. Unit I discusses meat composition, muscle structure, post-mortem chemistry, and microbiology. Unit II focuses on modern abattoir operations, equipment, handling facilities, and the effects on meat quality. Unit III covers chilling, freezing, canning, curing, and packaging of meat products. Unit IV is about the poultry industry, processing, equipment, and packaging. Unit V examines commercially important marine products from India and their preservation, transportation, and processing into products.
This document discusses the implementation of Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) in milk industries. It outlines the 7 principles of HACCP and identifies potential biological, chemical, and physical hazards at each processing stage - from raw milk collection through packaging and cold storage. Critical control points are established for pasteurization and product storage. Monitoring, corrective actions, verification, and record keeping procedures are described to control hazards and ensure food safety.
Meat Processing and Preservation with Packaging (Meat Product, Tenderness, Flavour and Tendrenes, Flavouring, Colour, Integral Texture, Preservation: Moisture Retention and Surface Protection, Antimicrobial Treatment, Ionizing Radiation, Packaging and Handling for Storage and Transportation, Cooking Methods)
Meat was originally processed to preserve it, but since the various procedures cause so many changes in texture and flavour it is also a means of adding variety to the diet. Processing also provides scope to mix the less desirable parts of the carcass with lean meat and in addition is a means of extending meat supplies by including other foodstuffs such as cereal in the product. Food preservation is a method of maintaining foods at a desired level of properties or nature for their maximum benefits. Preservation usually involves preventing the growth of bacteria, yeasts, fungi, and other microorganisms (although some methods work by introducing bacteria, or fungi to the food), as well as retarding the oxidation of fats which cause rancidity.
See more
https://goo.gl/YRqr8m
https://goo.gl/FSXUtw
https://goo.gl/Oz3dFy
Contact us:
Niir Project Consultancy Services
106-E, Kamla Nagar, Opp. Spark Mall,
New Delhi-110007, India.
Email: npcs.ei@gmail.com , info@entrepreneurindia.co
Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886, 8800733955
Mobile: +91-9811043595
Website: www.entrepreneurindia.co , www.niir.org
Tags
Methods for Preserving Meat, Methods of Processing and Preservation of Meat, Meat Preservation Techniques, Meat Preservation, Ways to Preserve Meat, Meat Preservation Methods, Preservation of Meat and Meat Products, Methods of Processing Meat, Preserving Meat, Curing and Smoking Meats For Preservation, How to Preserve Meat With Salt, Meat Products Preservation, How to Preserve Meats, Preservation of Meat, Processing and Preserving of Meat, Meat Preparation and Preservation, Meat Preservation and Storage, Steps to Meat Preservation, Smoking & Meat Preservation, Dehydration to Preserve Meats, Meat Cooking Methods and Preservation, Cooking and Preserving Meat, Meat Processing Equipment, Meat Processing, Meat Packing Industry, Meat Processing Plants, Meat Processing Techniques, Meat Processing Industry, Meat Processing Machines, Meat Processing & Meat Products, Small Meat Plant and Business Plans, Business Plan for Small Meat Plant, Starting Meat Processing Business, How to Start Meat Processing Business, Meat Processing Business, Business Plan for Meat Processing, Meat Processing Business Plan, Planning Small Meat-Packing Business, Small Scale Meat Processing, Meat Processing and Packaging Business, Meat Processing Plant Business, Meat Processing Plant Business Plan in India, Planning for Small Meat-Packing Business, Meat-Packing Business, Meat Packing Plants, Beginner's Guide to Meat Packaging, Packaging of Meat, Meat Packaging Machines and Equipment, Meat Storage & Packaging
RETORT PROCESSING BY Dr.P.RAJKUMAR-HOD (F&PE)kurinchisiva
The document discusses retort packaging and processing. It defines retort as a closed chamber that can withstand high temperatures and pressures used for sterilization. It describes the various types of retorts including batch, continuous, steam, water spray, and agitating retorts. It also discusses retort pouches, their construction and materials, products packaged in pouches, and the advantages of retort packaging over other methods.
TECHNOLOGY OF MEAT, FISH AND POULTRY PRODUCTSMohit Jindal
TECHNOLOGY OF MEAT, FISH AND POULTRY PRODUCTS
Introduction to Indian meat, fish and poultry industry Preparatory operations of meat and meat products
Composition of muscle, Different types of slaughtering methods, Different types of meatents, Antimortam and post-mortem inspection of animal/slaughtered animal, Abattoir – Definition and construction; basic preparatory procedures (culmination, emulsification, pre-blending) Cured and smoked meats, sausage products – classification, processing steps, and canned meat, meat pickles
Handling and Dressing of Poultry
Inspection of poultry birds, dressing and preparation of ready to cook poultry, factors affecting the quality
Egg and Egg Products Structure, chemical composition and nutritive value, spoilage of eggs and preservation of whole egg and egg products, preparation of egg powder
5. Fish and Fish Products (06 hrs)
Types of fish, composition and nutritive value, judging the freshness of fish, fish grading and cooking of fish, smoking, pickling, salting and dehydration, preservation of fish and processed fish products
6. Frozen Storage of fresh and processed meat, poultry and fish (04 hrs)
7. By-products of meat, fish, poultry and egg industry (06 hrs)
HANDLING, TRANSPORTATION AND STORAGE OF FOODSMohit Jindal
This document discusses the handling, transportation, and storage of various foods including grains, fruits, vegetables, animal foods, milk, and eggs. It covers the importance of minimizing post-harvest losses through proper handling and identifies factors that can lead to food spoilage such as physiological, chemical, and microbial changes during storage. Effective handling practices including pre-cooling, disinfection, and controlling temperature, oxygen, and light levels are described to maintain quality and prevent spoilage after foods are harvested.
The document discusses value addition and processing of poultry products in India. It notes that the poultry sector has transformed from backyard activity to large commercial operations. It describes various value added egg and meat products that have been developed like pickled eggs, salted chicken eggs, egg rolls, etc. It also discusses key trends in the poultry market like convenience products and new packaging innovations. Finally, it outlines potential for traditional meat products in India due to availability of meats, demand for variety/convenience, and opportunities for value addition.
Freezing is a method of food preservation where heat is removed from food to reduce its temperature below its freezing point, causing ice crystals to form. The best preservation occurs between -1 and -5°C, where maximal ice formation occurs, then moving quickly to at least -18°C. Freezing prevents microbial growth and slows chemical reactions by reducing water activity and temperature. However, freezing can also cause quality losses through physical damage from ice crystal formation, as well as chemical and biochemical changes. The rate of freezing impacts these losses, with faster freezing producing smaller ice crystals and better maintaining quality.
This document provides information about Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) planning in the red meat industry. It discusses red meat production in India, the components of the meat industry, and processing steps from receiving animals to packaging and freezing. Key processing steps include ante mortem and post-mortem examination, chilling, deboning, and packaging. Critical control points are identified for various processing steps. Standard sanitation operating procedures are outlined for facilities like the slaughterhouse, processing room, smokehouse, and coolers. Equipment used in meat processing like grinders, cutters, stuffers, and smokehouses are also described.
This document provides an overview of the ice cream industry in India and covers definitions, classifications, and the role of key ingredients in ice cream. It begins with some background on the growth of ice cream production in India from 1966 to present. It then defines ice cream according to FSSAI regulations and covers common classifications including plain, nut/chocolate, fruit, and novelty ice creams. The roles and advantages/limitations of important ingredients like milk fat, milk solids, sugars, stabilizers, emulsifiers, air, flavors, and colors are discussed.
HACCP PLAN FOR FRUIT JUICE INDUSTRY[000157]Ajna Alavudeen
This document outlines the HACCP plan for a fruit juice industry. It discusses the seven principles of HACCP, which include identifying food hazards, establishing critical control points, monitoring procedures, and corrective actions. The company produces ready-to-serve fruit juices, concentrates, and candies. Potential biological, chemical and physical hazards are identified for each processing step from receiving fruits to packaging. Critical control points and limits are established for steps like thermal processing. Monitoring and documentation procedures are in place to control hazards and ensure food safety.
A retort pouch or retortable pouch is a type of food packaging made from a laminate of flexible plastic and metal foils. It allows the sterile packaging of a wide variety of food and drink handled by aseptic processing, and is used as an alternative to traditional industrial canning methods
This document provides information on food processing plant layout and design. It discusses the objectives of plant layout which include minimizing material handling costs and maximizing space utilization. It also describes different types of layouts like product layout, process layout, and combination layout. Additional topics covered include principles of layout, location factors for industries, facility layout, and specific layouts for different food processing units like potato chips, soft drinks, and instant breakfasts. The document emphasizes hygienic design of facilities along with efficient material and information flow.
The document discusses packaging for beverages in India. It covers non-carbonated beverages like fruit juices, coffee, and tea, as well as carbonated drinks. Common packaging materials include glass, metal cans, plastic bottles and aseptic cartons. Plastic is increasingly used for fruit juices due to its ability to be hot-filled and provide longer shelf life. Bag-in-box systems are also used for some beverages. The document outlines factors to consider for different beverage types like acidity, enzymes, and oxygen permeability.
The document discusses the process of poultry processing from slaughtering to packaging. It begins by defining key terms like abattoir and carcass. It then describes the traditional and modern methods of slaughtering including steps like stunning, sticking, bleeding, scalding, picking and evisceration. After slaughtering, the processing steps discussed are chilling, grading, packaging and storage. The document also provides information on poultry meat properties, grading systems and popular chicken products. It concludes by noting that while India has a large poultry market, modern slaughter techniques have yet to be widely adopted.
HACCP for the safety of Livestock ProductsDr. IRSHAD A
The document provides an overview of Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) systems for ensuring food safety. It discusses the history and definitions of HACCP, the seven principles of HACCP including hazard analysis, identifying critical control points, establishing monitoring procedures, and record keeping. The document also includes an example decision tree for determining critical control points.
This document discusses meat storage, preparation, and cooking. It covers various methods of preserving meat including vacuum sealing, freezing, and drying. It explains how different preservation methods like these can help prevent food spoilage by slowing water loss and inhibiting microbial growth. The document also summarizes common methods of cooking meat, including convection, conduction, and radiation, and how factors like cooking time and temperature can affect meat tenderness.
India is an agricultural-based economy and is the largest producer of fruits and vegetables in the world. Fruits & vegetables, being perishable in nature require certain techniques of preservation for retaining the quality and extend the self-life of the production. The estimated annual production of fruits and vegetables in the country is about 130 million tonnes. The cold storage & cold chain facilities are the prime infrastructural component for such perishable commodities.
Cold storage is a temperature – controlled supply chain network, with storage and distribution activities carried out in a manner such that the temperature of a product is maintained in a specified range, needed to keep it fresh and edible for a much longer period than in normal ambient conditions.
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The COOLMEAT project aimed to develop an alternative rapid cooling method for cooked meat that improved food safety and quality compared to conventional vacuum cooling. Testing showed the immersion vacuum cooling (IVC) prototype reduced cooling times by 40-70% compared to air blast cooling and had lower weight losses than vacuum cooling alone. Sensory analysis found IVC produced meat with comparable texture, tenderness and juiciness to traditionally cooled meat. IVC is a more affordable and effective cooling method that allows meat processors to meet EU regulatory guidelines.
We are now providing CHICKEN FEETS for some countries in the world and we like to introduce you our product because we have the best quality and the best prices. Someone interested in this business?
Thermal processing involves heating foods to ensure adequate heat treatment and reduce post-processing contamination. It is important for food safety and quality by inactivating pathogens and enzymes. Different microorganisms have varying heat resistance. Aseptic processing sterilizes pumpable foods outside containers followed by filling under sterile conditions, allowing room temperature storage without refrigeration. Key factors are rapid heating/cooling to minimize quality changes and continuous processing for uniform products. Packaging materials are sterilized by irradiation, heat or chemicals before filling under sterile conditions.
Reducing Strawberry Waste and Losses in the Postharvest Supply Chain via Inte...sberries
This document summarizes research on using sensors and remote monitoring via RFID tags to track environmental conditions like temperature during transport and storage of perishable foods like strawberries. By monitoring temperature histories, models can automatically estimate remaining shelf life. The research validated models against physical inspections of strawberry quality, finding differences of up to 9.5 hours between predicted and observed shelf life over 7 days. Accounting for first expired products using FEFO decision making was estimated to reduce retail shrink by 30% compared to FIFO. Overall, the research aims to reduce waste in the postharvest supply chain by intelligently managing distribution based on real-time shelf life estimates.
Meat preservation techniques by Geeta ChauhanGeeta12344
- Meat preservation techniques aim to create unfavorable conditions for microbial growth through various methods like refrigeration, freezing, salting, curing, smoking, drying, heat treatment and fermentation.
- The underlying principle is that microbes require certain conditions for survival and preservation techniques alter factors like moisture, temperature, pH and oxygen levels to stop microbial growth.
- Hurdle technology uses a combination of preservation methods (hurdles) that act synergistically to control pathogens. It ensures elimination of all pathogens or reducing them to harmless levels in food. The physiological stress response of microbes forms the basis of hurdle technology's effectiveness.
This PPT about the individual quick freezing of herbs which is semi automated process. gives an idea about IQF and how the freezing of herbs done and their specification
Chilling and freezing are unit operations used to preserve foods by reducing the temperature to extend shelf life. Chilling reduces temperatures to between 1-8°C to slow microbial and biochemical changes, while freezing reduces temperatures below the freezing point of water to immobilize water and further extend shelf life. Properly chilled and frozen foods can be stored for longer periods with minimal quality degradation compared to fresh foods at ambient temperatures.
Application of hurdle technology in poultry meat processing & preservationDr. IRSHAD A
This document discusses hurdle technology, which uses a combination of preservation methods or barriers to inhibit microbial spoilage. It defines hurdles as physical, chemical, or microbiological factors that microorganisms must overcome to grow. Examples of hurdles include reduced water activity, acidity, heat treatment, packaging, and use of preservatives. The document provides examples of hurdles used in various products and outlines guidelines for developing shelf-stable foods using hurdle technology, including testing products with spoilage microorganisms and modifying hurdles as needed. Overall, it presents hurdle technology as an effective approach for food preservation and stability that can help reduce waste and extend product shelf life.
Cactus cladode polysaccharide as cryoprotectant in mainTamalSarkar18
Cactus cladode polysaccharide was evaluated as a natural cryoprotectant for frozen paneer. Cactus cladode extract showed similar cryoprotective effects as trehalose during frozen storage, with 2% incorporation in immersion freezing showing the least freezing time and best retention of fresh texture. FTIR analysis confirmed interactions between cactus cladode polysaccharides and paneer components. Cactus cladode is a potential alternative to trehalose as a natural cryoprotectant for frozen paneer.
Fish is an important source of protein and omega-3 fatty acids. Canning is a common method for preserving fish through heating and sealing in airtight containers. The key principles of canning fish involve achieving commercial sterility by subjecting the hermetically sealed containers to sufficient heat processing to destroy bacteria like Listeria and Salmonella. The thermal destruction of bacteria in canned fish is achieved through maintaining the required processing temperature at the container's thermal center for the decimal reduction time needed to decrease the bacterial population by specific log cycles. Proper cooling and storage of canned fish helps extend its shelf life.
This document provides information about meat balls, including their ingredients, production process, packaging, storage, and quality control. Key points include:
- Meat balls are made by emulsifying ground or minced meat with starches, eggs, breadcrumbs, and herbs. Common additives include salt, nitrites, phosphates, and MSG.
- Production involves grinding meat, mixing in ingredients, molding into balls, freezing, packaging, and storing at frozen temperatures.
- Quality is ensured through following GMP and implementing HACCP plans which identify hazards at each process step and establish critical limits and corrective actions.
- Packaging aims to control moisture and prevent spoilage through use of materials like PET
This document discusses the storage requirements for frozen food products. It states that frozen foods must be maintained at -18°C or colder to prevent deterioration during storage. The quality and storage life of frozen foods depends on factors like the storage temperature, fluctuations in temperature during storage and transport, and the time-temperature tolerance of individual products. It provides guidelines on acceptable temperature ranges and fluctuations for ensuring frozen food quality is maintained during storage. Packaging also plays a key role in protecting frozen foods.
Phenotyping texture and aroma wp5 training session stress test development ja...fruitbreedomics
This document describes research conducted to develop a strategy for selecting apple varieties with good storage behavior. The researchers tested different storage conditions on commercially grown varieties to determine optimal conditions and identify issues like chilling injury, CO2 damage, and loss of firmness. They developed a "Storage Stress Test" involving various storage periods and conditions to select varieties early in breeding that have good long-term storage potential. Testing of varieties found that chilling injury and CO2 damage could be induced under certain stressful storage conditions. Gene expression analysis was also explored as a potential way to predict storage issues in varieties based on their responses to short-term stressful storage.
Drying Characteristics and Physical and Nutritional Properties of Shrimp Meat...Nii Korley Kortei
This research article studied the effects of two traditional drying techniques - solar tunnel drying and air-oven drying - on the physical and nutritional properties of shrimp meat. The drying rate was faster for solar drying than air-oven drying. Both methods produced comparable color development in the shrimp, but solar-dried shrimp appeared darker. Chemical analysis found that protein, fat, and ash contents were similar between drying methods, though fat was slightly higher in air-oven dried shrimp. Rehydration behavior was similar but solar dried shrimp absorbed moisture more rapidly. The results demonstrate that different drying approaches can affect shrimp quality differently.
This document discusses strategies to select apple varieties that are optimal for long-term storage. It describes testing various apple varieties under different storage conditions to assess traits like chilling injury, texture, and disorder sensitivity. Gene expression analysis is proposed as a way to potentially identify indicator genes that could help select good varieties earlier in breeding. A storage stress test is developed applying extreme short-term storage conditions followed by analysis of responses and symptoms. This may help select lines with better long-term storage potential while using fewer fruits than longer storage tests.
Navigating the Time and Temperature Maze of Reduced Oxygen Packaging (ROP)ThermoWorks
What You Will Learn:
• What is ROP and how to avoid aerobic conditions that lead to spoilage
• What ROP methods can easily be implemented in restaurants
• What HACCP implications exist for ROP
• What are the benefits of ROP to a restaurant – reduce spoilage, lengthen shelf life, save labor, control portions
• What storage temperatures need to be met to maximize shelf life
• How ROP impacts spoilage and shelf life of food
• What two foodborne pathogens are of greatest concern for ROP
• What ROP situations exists where no HACCP plan is required
• What special concerns to address with fish and cheese
• How to extend the shelf life of raw meat and poultry to 30 days at normal refrigeration temperatures of 41°F
• What essential thermometer tools are must-haves when using ROP and what the Food Code suggests you use
The document analyzes the effect of different storage temperatures (room temperature vs air conditioned) on wheat flour quality parameters over 8 weeks of short term storage. Key findings include:
- Moisture, wet gluten, and gluten index were most affected by storage temperature, with moisture loss higher at room temperature.
- Microbiological properties like bacterial and yeast/mold counts increased more with room temperature storage.
- Most quality parameters declined slightly over time but were generally well preserved under air conditioned storage compared to room temperature storage. Proper temperature control is important to maximize wheat flour shelf life.
This document provides information about meatballs, including their ingredients, manufacturing process, packaging, storage, quality control, and applications. It discusses key raw materials like ground meat and starches. Additives include salt, nitrites, and MSG. Meatballs are shaped, cooked, frozen, and vacuum packaged. Quality control involves HACCP and GMP plans. Meatballs can be fried or added to curries.
Here are the key principles to consider when planning meals:
- Meet nutrient recommendations by including a variety of foods in the correct serving sizes
- Consider individual factors like age, gender, health needs, culture and religion
- Plan meals within the available budget
- Alternate cooking methods like steaming, stir-frying and boiling
- Include seasonal fresh foods and consider the climate
- Prepare special dishes for occasions
This document discusses wine tourism as a centripetal force in the development of rural tourism. It defines wine tourism and explains its importance as a component of tourism in Croatia. Wine tourism can attract visitors to rural areas and support local economic development if integrated with other attractions of a destination in a sustainable way. The document outlines advantages and disadvantages of wine tourism for wine producers, consumers, and destinations. It concludes that wine has strong potential to draw tourists to destinations in Croatia if destinations are well-managed and wine tourism is developed while emphasizing its benefits and addressing challenges.
This presentation covers (1) Social impact of tourism; (2) Effects of globalization on tourism development; (3) Sex tourism and exploitation of women; and (4) Trends and issues shaping tourism and hospitality development.
Explore the Association for Vertical Farming infographics surrounding the topic of Urban and Vertical Farming. For more information, visit the Vertical Farming website: https://vertical-farming.net/
This document provides an overview of health food regulations in China. It discusses the key definitions and classifications of health foods, the major regulations governing health foods, and the processes for registration and filing of health foods. It also describes the document requirements, testing scopes, and differences between registration and filing. Registration involves more extensive dossier requirements, testing, and a longer timeline than filing. The document aims to help companies understand the regulatory landscape for placing health foods in the Chinese market.
This document provides information about food allergies and allergens. It lists common food allergens such as eggs, fish, milk, cereals containing gluten, and nuts. It then describes what a food allergy is versus a food intolerance, and lists potential symptoms of a food allergy such as hives, abdominal pain, and difficulty breathing. The document explains how to identify food allergens by checking food labels for bold, italicized listings of allergens. Lastly, it provides tips for managing a food allergy such as washing utensils, cleaning surfaces, informing restaurants of allergies, and being cautious of shared serving areas.
This document discusses food labelling regulations and challenges in ASEAN countries. It provides an overview of the general labelling requirements for Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand and Singapore, which include the product name, ingredients list, net content, expiration date and manufacturer information. There are also country-specific details regarding language, format of dates and addresses, nutrition panel requirements. While general labelling information is similar, differences exist in details. Developing a common ASEAN food label is difficult due to mandatory country requirements, but harmonizing standards across ASEAN by referring to Codex guidelines could help address this challenge.
This document discusses considerations for developing a successful functional food product for the market. It begins by outlining upcoming trends in the industry, such as emerging economies and increasing health consciousness. Next, it identifies market drivers focused on consumers, like rising incomes and increasing awareness of health. Some key challenges in product development are ensuring healthy options are easy choices and delivering health, safety and quality. Five critical success factors for products are noticeability, superiority, compatibility, practicality and lack of complexity. The document provides a checklist for successful marketing that includes offering relevant benefits and differentiating through packaging. It emphasizes the importance of filtering promises from challenges in marketing.
This document discusses considerations for developing a successful functional food product. It notes consumers are shifting from illness management to wellness promotion. Functional foods fit within a continuum from health maintenance to promotion. Developing uniqueness through customization for intended populations and new research areas like nutrigenomics, proteomics and metabolomics can aid innovation. Biomarkers directly correlate health status to exposure. Encouraging development factors include epidemiological research, technological advancements, legislation and government incentives.
This document provides an overview of best practices for ensuring readiness for food safety audits and assessments. It begins with introductions and background on the speaker, Bill McBride. The agenda then outlines topics to be covered, including an overview of food safety audits, understanding common food safety terminology, selecting the appropriate food safety standard, and what it means to be "audit ready". It also provides definitions and objectives of food safety audits. Key points made include criticisms of some auditing practices, the roles and limitations of audits, and information on standards organizations like ISO, GFSI initiatives, and the purpose of establishing the GFSI.
This document summarizes the key aspects of food traceability from compliance to opportunity. Traceability has become a regulatory requirement in both the EU and US to identify unsafe food and enable recalls. It allows food to be tracked from farm to fork through all stages of production, processing, and distribution. While traceability ensures compliance, it can also provide brand protection and market access opportunities when customers demand transparency in supply chains. Technologies continue to advance traceability capabilities from paper-based systems to electronic tracking using barcodes, RFID, and analytical techniques. Effective traceability gives organizations supply chain visibility to communicate their practices and story to consumers.
This document discusses key differences between generic and cold chain supply quality management systems. A Middle Eastern cold chain is more expensive due to temperature extremes and immature regulations. Qualification and validation are often misunderstood, with qualification establishing a process can meet standards through testing, while validation tests a process under controlled conditions. For manufacturing, processes can be validated, but distribution is variable so can only be qualified. Extending quality oversight beyond manufacturing, understanding regulators, having product knowledge, and documenting every cold chain link are critical for quality assurance. Tools like CCQI, HACCP, and inventory management systems can help optimize quality strategies for specific cold chain challenges.
This document proposes strengthening regulations for the recycling of waste cooking oils (WCO) generated by restaurants and food factories in Hong Kong. It suggests introducing licenses for WCO collection, disposal, and import/export. Operators without licenses would face fines or imprisonment. It also proposes that restaurants and food factories be required to hand over their WCO only to licensed collectors and keep transaction records. The Environmental Protection Department will implement a voluntary registration system for WCO operators and develop best practices to facilitate proper handling and recycling of WCO.
The Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare revised the Drinking Water Quality Standards in 2003. Key changes included expanding the number of regulated items from 46 to 50, adding items like E. coli and aluminum, and introducing a rolling revision system to continuously improve standards. A new framework was established with Drinking Water Quality Standards, Complementary items including 101 pesticides, and Items for Further Study. Water suppliers must now prepare Water Quality Analysis Plans outlining their testing procedures.
1. The document discusses food regulation in Indonesia, including standards and guidelines for food safety.
2. It outlines Indonesia's system for regulating food producers, industries, and consumers to ensure better quality and safer foods. Key government agencies establish laws, regulations, standards, and oversee monitoring of the food system.
3. Standards address issues across the food supply chain from agricultural production to processing and marketing. This includes good practices for farming, handling, manufacturing, distribution and more to prevent contamination and improve food quality and safety.
The document discusses current regulatory perspectives on genetically modified (GM) food in Indonesia. It provides an overview of the global situation and regulations regarding GM foods. It then outlines Indonesia's policies, including that GM foods must undergo pre-market biosafety assessment and be labeled if they contain GM materials above a certain threshold. The key laws and regulations governing GM foods in Indonesia are also summarized. [END SUMMARY]
The document provides information about a workshop on veterinary products in Asian countries held in Korea in 2010. It includes an introduction to Pakistan, describing its geography, population, provinces, climate and economy. It also discusses the Ministry of Health in Pakistan and the Drug Control Organization, which regulates drug manufacture, registration, pricing, import and export. The final sections describe the drug registration process and forms used in Pakistan.
This document discusses India's animal quarantine services and their objectives of preventing the introduction of exotic livestock diseases. It outlines the quarantine stations located across India and their economic importance in saving money through disease prevention and increasing exports. Regulations regarding livestock imports and exports are discussed, highlighting the need for mandatory animal quarantine clearance. Proper technical export certification is emphasized as important for increasing trade and meeting international standards.
This document discusses improving the effectiveness of online advertising. It provides data on typical rates of ads hitting their intended target audience and being viewable. It then presents a case study of how ConAgra Foods worked with partners to optimize campaigns for higher in-target and viewable delivery rates, which improved branding impact. Key recommendations included integrating viewability reporting, aligning goals with media sellers, and optimizing for audience and viewability. Top burning questions from advertisers are also listed around these topics.
More from Asian Food Regulation Information Service (20)
1. Maintaining the safety and
suitability of perishable
products: cold chain for meat
Ian Jenson
Meat & Livestock Australia
2. Outline
• Fresh meat definition
• International trade in fresh meat
• Safety and suitability - shelf-life
• Factors that define shelf-life – temperature
• Example: Consumer perceptions
• Temperature monitoring
• Example: Safety of product in road transport
• Example: Temperature and shelf-life
• Example: Quality of frozen product
• Conclusions
3. Meat and meat products
• Nature of product
– Species
– Carcase / carcase
parts
– Aerobic/ vacuum
pack
4. Zhang - ICoMST 2010
Definition of fresh meat
• ‘Meat that has not undergone any preserving process other than
chilling, freezing or quick freezing’ – EU Sanitation and Hygiene
Rules
• ‘fresh meat’ -- meat that, at commencement of its intended use, is
equivalent to an uncooked, raw product in terms of appearance
and functionality
6. Australian beef and veal exports
Source: DAFF,MLA f orecasts
95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13f14f15f16f17f
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
'000 tonnes swt
f = f orecasts
Record 963,000 tonnes swt in 2012
7. Beef exports to major destinations
Source: DAFF, MLA f orecasts
Japan US Korea other
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
'000 tonnes swt
2001 2011 2012f 2013f
f = f orecasts
9. Lamb exports to major
destinations
Source: DAFF, MLA forecasts
Middle East US Greater China other
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
'000 tonnes swt
2001 2011 2012 2013f
f = forecasts
10. Global Lamb Exports
2. USA 36,667 swt
10. Qatar 5,933 swt
8. Japan 7,687 swt
1. Australia 221,000 cwt
(50% of total production)
3. China 29,521 swt
4. UAE 13,205 swt
7. UK 9,016 swt
6. Jordan 12,959 swt
9. Iran 7,271 swt
5. PNG 13,101 swt
Where does Australian lamb go?
50% or 189,000 tonnes swt of Australian lamb production was
exported in 2012…
12. Shelf life of fresh meat - definition
• The time it takes for the meat to become no longer
acceptable to the consumer
• Based on unacceptable:
– colour (browning of meat, greying of fat)
– flavour and aroma (rancid, acid, sulfur, etc)
– texture (loss of structure - soft)
– Moisture and nutrient content (surface drying)
Zhang - ICoMST 2010
13. Safety and Suitability
SAFETY
• Apply all food safety
requirements appropriate
to its intended end-use
• Meets criteria for specified
hazards
• Does not contain hazards
at levels that are harmful
SUITABILITY
• Produced under hygienic
conditions
• Appropriate to its intended
use
• Meets parameters for
diseases or defects
Codex Alimentarius - Code of Practice for Meat
14. If stored under acceptable conditions
meat will remain safe after packing and
chilling
• Most foodborne pathogens do not grow at refrigeration
temperatures
• Safe ‘for its intended use’
• Cooking
15. How long can fresh meat be stored
before it becomes unsuitable?
Zhang - ICoMST 2010
16. Overview of fresh meat storage
Storage life (days)
0 100 200 300 400 500
Storagetemperature
-55C
-18C
-2 to -3C
-0.5C
1 to 4C
5 to 10C
20 to 30C < 1 d
< 3 d
< 7 d
< 28 d
12 months
Indefinite ?
Chilled
Frozen
Zhang - ICoMST 2010
17. Overview of fresh meat storage
Storage life (days)
0 100 200 300 400 500
Storagetemperature
-55C
-18C
-2 to -3C
-0.5C
1 to 4C
5 to 10C
20 to 30C < 1 d
< 3 d
< 7 d
< 28 d
12 months
Indefinite ?
Chilled
Frozen
> 140 d
Vacuum packed
Zhang - ICoMST 2010
18. Vacuum packing
• Removal of oxygen
• Build up of carbon dioxide
(muscle respiration)
• chilled
• Changed bacterial ecology
• Long shelf-life
• Acceptable sensory
characteristics
20. • Chilled
– -1 ± 0.5 °C
– 0.5 m s-1 air velocity
– Container set point -1.5 °C
• Frozen
– Freezing point about -2 °C
– Hard frozen about -6 °C
– Longer shelf-life at lower temperatures (-18⁰C)
Recommended temperature control
21. How does fresh meat become
unsuitable?
Zhang - ICoMST 2010
22. How does fresh meat become
unsuitable?
Zhang - ICoMST 2010
• Type of product (e.g.
fat content, presence
of bone)
• Level of bacteria
• Packing method
• Storage temperature
23. Changes in suitability
• Microbiological
– Spoilage due to bacterial growth
– Mould growth
• Chemical
– Oxidation of fats (rancidity)
– proteolysis – breakdown of protein structure
– Colour changes
• Physical
– Drying
24. Spoilage in the
presence of air
Off odour 1x107/cm2
Slime 7x107/cm2
Time depends on
• how many bacteria
are present
• temperature
25. 0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
Concentration
time (hr)
Growth of bacteria in vacuum pack
Initial number
at the time of
packing
Growth during
storage and
transport
Spoilage
AFTER growth
stops
26. Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB)
Vacuum packed meat (chilled):
– LAB grow & become dominant
– LAB recognized as safe for human consumption
– LAB used in many fermented foods - cheese, yoghurt,
fermented sausages, fermented vegetables
– LAB ensures that vacuum packed meat has a long
shelf-life
27. Growth of LAB in vacuum packed beef- effect of
temperature
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
0 10 20 30 40 50
Days
log(LacticAcidBacteria)
-0.5
2
4
7
°C
46. Predictive modelling of bacterial growth
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Time (hours)
RefrigerationIndex
Product Average
Product Minimum
Product Maximum
47. Cold chain data- shelf-life case study
• Chilled product
• Lamb primal (large muscle)
• Export to UAE
• Intended for retail / home consumption
48. 1⁰C storage temperature = 10 days shelf-life
-2.00 °C
-1.00 °C
0.00 °C
1.00 °C
2.00 °C
3.00 °C
4.00 °C
5.00 °C
6.00 °C
7.00 °C
8.00 °C
9.00 °C
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Temperature/bacteria(logs)
Storage (days)
49. Short times at high temperatures are not significant
-2.00 °C
-1.00 °C
0.00 °C
1.00 °C
2.00 °C
3.00 °C
4.00 °C
5.00 °C
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
Temperature/bacteria(logs)
Storage (days)
50. Cold chain data- quality case study
• Frozen product
• Lean beef trim
• Export to USA
• Ground for use in hamburger patties
51. Frozen product: Australia - USA
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Time from packing (days)
Temperature(°C)
Refrig end
Midway
Door endLoaded onto ship
Discharged Philadelphia
Unpacked at cold store
Transported to Brisbane
52. Breaks in the cold chain
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
37 37.2 37.4 37.6 37.8 38 38.2 38.4 38.6 38.8 39
Time from packing (days)
Temperature(°C)
Corner refrig end
Corner midway
Corner door end
Centre refrig end
Centre midway
Centre door end
Air door end
54. Intentional abuse of product
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Time from packing (weeks)
Temperature(°C)
Corner 7
Corner 8
Centre 8
Corner 9
Corner 10
Corner 11
Centre 11
Corner 12
55. Significance of temperature changes
TBARS(mgMDA/kgmeat)
Raw Cooked
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
Control
Ambient abuse
Off power
56. Impact of cold chain breaks
• Container Test Facility:
– Max 50 ºC, Min -10 ºC
– Humidity control: 40 to 90%
– Solar simulation
• Four sets of external conditions
– Constant: 10 ºC, 25 ºC, 40 ºC
– Variable: typical Mackay
summer’s day (with sun)
57.
58. Quality in the Supply Chain
• Consumer perceptions are most important
• Temperature control is important
• Shelf-life can be shortened if temperature control is poor
• Not all breaks in the chain are a problem
• Technologies are available for real time temperature
monitoring
• Predictive models and simulations can be used to assess
supply chain temperature
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