This document discusses different digital communication techniques including coherent and non-coherent detection methods for amplitude shift keying (ASK), frequency shift keying (FSK) and quadrature amplitude shift keying (QASK). Coherent detection requires a reference carrier wave and exploits phase information, while non-coherent detection does not require a reference wave. It then describes the receiver designs for coherent and non-coherent detection of ASK and FSK. For QASK, it outlines raising the input signal to the fourth power before bandpass filtering and frequency division to recover the transmitted bit sequence.
Salient Features:
The magnitude response is nearly constant(equal to 1) at lower frequencies
There are no ripples in passband and stop band
The maximum gain occurs at Ω=0 and it is H(Ω)=1
The magnitude response is monotonically decreasing
As the order of the filter ‘N’ increases, the response of the filter is more close to the ideal response
In communication system, intersymbol interference (ISI) is a form of distortion of a signal in which one symbol interferes with subsequent symbols. This is an unwanted phenomenon as the previous symbols have similar effect as noise, thus making the communication less reliable.
In communication system, the Nyquist ISI criterion describes the conditions which when satisfied by a communication channel (including responses of transmit and receive filters), result in no intersymbol interference(ISI). It provides a method for constructing band-limited functions to overcome the effects of intersymbol interference.
Salient Features:
The magnitude response is nearly constant(equal to 1) at lower frequencies
There are no ripples in passband and stop band
The maximum gain occurs at Ω=0 and it is H(Ω)=1
The magnitude response is monotonically decreasing
As the order of the filter ‘N’ increases, the response of the filter is more close to the ideal response
In communication system, intersymbol interference (ISI) is a form of distortion of a signal in which one symbol interferes with subsequent symbols. This is an unwanted phenomenon as the previous symbols have similar effect as noise, thus making the communication less reliable.
In communication system, the Nyquist ISI criterion describes the conditions which when satisfied by a communication channel (including responses of transmit and receive filters), result in no intersymbol interference(ISI). It provides a method for constructing band-limited functions to overcome the effects of intersymbol interference.
Frequency-Shift Keying, also known as FSK is a type of digital frequency modulation. It is also often called as binary frequency shift keying or BFSK
Similar to analog FM, it is a constant-amplitude angle modulation.
This presentation will discuss the concepts behind FSK
This presentation covers:
Some basic definitions & concepts of digital communication
What is Phase Shift Keying(PSK) ?
Binary Phase Shift Keying – BPSK
BPSK transmitter & receiver
Advantages & Disadvantages of BPSK
Pi/4 – QPSK
Pi/4 – QPSK transmitter & receiver
Advantages of Pi/4- QPSK
The presentation covers sampling theorem, ideal sampling, flat top sampling, natural sampling, reconstruction of signals from samples, aliasing effect, zero order hold, upsampling, downsampling, and discrete time processing of continuous time signals.
Frequency-Shift Keying, also known as FSK is a type of digital frequency modulation. It is also often called as binary frequency shift keying or BFSK
Similar to analog FM, it is a constant-amplitude angle modulation.
This presentation will discuss the concepts behind FSK
This presentation covers:
Some basic definitions & concepts of digital communication
What is Phase Shift Keying(PSK) ?
Binary Phase Shift Keying – BPSK
BPSK transmitter & receiver
Advantages & Disadvantages of BPSK
Pi/4 – QPSK
Pi/4 – QPSK transmitter & receiver
Advantages of Pi/4- QPSK
The presentation covers sampling theorem, ideal sampling, flat top sampling, natural sampling, reconstruction of signals from samples, aliasing effect, zero order hold, upsampling, downsampling, and discrete time processing of continuous time signals.
Phase Locked Loop with Filter Banks for High Data Rate Satellite Linkchiragwarty
Satellite communication systems operate in the
presence of path loss and atmospherically induced fading,
which results in waveform distortion, altering phase and bit
time period. After penetrating through several atmospheric
layers, the signal experiences Doppler shift which results in
frequency change and phase reversal, thus to sync the
receiver to the incoming signal we make use of the Phase
Locked Loop (PLL) with a filter at its core functioning.
To recover and reconstruct the original signal, the use of
filter banks in the loop filter block of the PLL will be added
and discussed. The idea of using M-channel uniform filter
banks is to minimize the error by optimizing the
performance in decomposition and reconstruction of signals.
Using different types of fundamental coherent digital
modulation schemes like, M-ary Amplitude/Frequency
/Phase shift keying (MASK, MFSK, MPSK), the best
optimized solution can be determined for all M-channels for
high data rates and bandwidth constraints.
The presentation studies the design of a digital PLL system by
using a variable filter block for several digital modulation
schemes used in ground to space communication links. Two
basic designs will be developed, first model with a fixed set
of filters, those seen in traditional legacy systems and the
second model, which consist of a filtering block made up of
Quadrature Mirror Filter banks (QMF). The method is based
on the strength of the incoming signal and modulation
scheme, which in turn decides the number of filter banks, to
be used to recover the signal.
In this presentation, the focus on pseudo-adaptive nature of the
filter banks is to reconstruct the original signal, considering
the effects of Doppler shift for fast moving airborne
platforms. Subsequently, the comparison between the
performance of the fixed filter based architecture and the
additional design with the variable pseudo-adaptive filter
banks design includes the QMF and Discrete Cosine
Transform Filter banks (DCT). This will follow with the
software oriented simulation of the performance of the
proposed design method, in different scenarios experienced
in satellite links.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
The family offers a choice of engines
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
3. Coherent Detection
• An estimate of the channel phase and
attenuation is recovered. It is then possible to
reproduce the transmitted signal and
demodulate.
• Requires a replica carrier wave of the same
frequency and phase at the receiver.
• The received signal and replica carrier are
cross-correlated using information contained
in their amplitudes and phases.
• Also known as synchronous detection
4. • Applicable to
– Phase Shift Keying (PSK)
– Frequency Shift Keying (FSK)
– Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK)
5. Non-Coherent Detection
• Requires no reference wave; does not exploit
phase reference information (envelope
detection)
– Differential Phase Shift Keying (DPSK)
– Frequency Shift Keying (FSK)
– Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK)
– Non coherent detection is less complex than
coherent detection (easier to implement), but has
worse performance.
6. Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK)
Baseband
Data
ASK
modulated
signal
1 10 0
Acos(t) Acos(t)
Pulse shaping can be employed to remove spectral spreading
ASK demonstrates poor performance, as it is heavily affected by noise,
fading, and interference
7. COHERENT DETECTION OF ASK
ASK+Noise
Integrator Sample
And
Hold
Synchronous
carrier
Comparator
Binary
Signal
Reference
Voltage V
Bit sync
Coherent ASK receiver
8. NON-COHERENT DETECTION OF ASK
BPF
Envelope
detector
Regenerator
ASK +
Noise Original
Binary Output
Bit
Sync
V
Non-coherent ASK receiver
