Cognitivism focuses on internal mental processes of learning rather than outward behaviors. It developed in reaction to behaviorism which ignored thinking. Theorists like Paivio, Gagne, and Gardner contributed key concepts - Paivio's dual coding theory emphasized visual and verbal learning; Gagne identified five types of learning and principles for instruction; Gardner proposed multiple intelligences. Under cognitivism, teachers should create engaging environments, ask questions, and use varied teaching methods while students think deeply to develop understanding.

1. CognitivismMegan

2. The Cognitive Theory of Learning in EducationCognitive theory defines learning as a “semi-permanent change in mental processes or associations”.

3. Cognitivists do not require an outward exhibition of learning, but focus more on the internal processes and connections that take place during learning.

4. Important classroom principles from cognitive psychology include meaningful learning, organization, and elaboration.www.innovativelearning.com/educational_psychology/cognitivism/index.htm

5. Cognitivism as a reaction to Behaviorism-Cognitivist theory developed as a reaction to Behaviorism.-Cognitivists objected to behaviorists because they felt that behaviorists thought learning was simply reactionary and ignored the idea that thinking plays a role.-Paivio, Gagne, and Gardner are a few of the cognitivists who have contributed to developing the cognitive theory.Text p. 371

6. GagneGagne identified five major types of learning:

7. Verbal Information

8. Intellectual Skills